Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kwesilinganiso kuyinqubo ende, ukucela ibhange elikhipha imali ukuba libalwe ngochwepheshe.
Umnikazi womkhumbi uzomemezela isilinganiso esijwayelekile ngesikhathi esifanele sokufika echwebeni lokuqala ngemuva kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile futhi azise imithwalo kanye nomshwalense womkhumbi. Uma unengozi efanayo, sicela ubike enkampanini yomshuwalense ngokushesha okukhulu, ulalele iseluleko sabo sobungcweti, bese inkampani yomshuwalense izothatha izintambo. Izixhumi Zekhanda, Amabhulokhi Etheminali futhi Izibonisi Zebhayisikili insimu iyindlela efanayo yokwenza.
Umkhumbi kanye nomlungisi bavame ukudinga ukuthi impahla inikeze isiqinisekiso esijwayelekile esijwayelekile futhi basayine isivumelwano esijwayelekile ngaphambi kokulethwa. Ngokuphathelene nohlobo lwesibambiso, izimpahla ezifakwe umshwalense, umkhumbi kanye nomlungisi bavame ukwamukela incwadi yesiqinisekiso esijwayelekile esisayinwe yinkampani yomshuwalense, kuyilapho izimpahla ezingenayo umshwalense zivame ukudinga ukuthi izimpahla zinikeze umlungisi isilinganiso esijwayelekile esijwayelekile (uma umthengi noma umthengisi bengafuni ukukhokha isinxephezelo noma isilinganiso futhi umthengisi engazithathi izimpahla, izimpahla zizothengiswa endalini ukuze zimboze isilinganiso esijwayelekile). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhumbi uvame ukudinga ukuthi impahla inikeze amadokhumenti afanele ukufakazela inani lezimpahla.
Iqembu lezimpahla kufanele liqinisekise ngokushesha isimo sezimpahla enkampanini yokuthumela, ligcine ubufakazi ngalokhu, libuze ngendawo yokuqala yomkhumbi, lihlele ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi, futhi likwazi ukuphathisa umthumeli ukuthi asize izimpahla echwebeni elibekiwe lapho ziya khona okokuqala. Zinganciphisa ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile.
Uma kungekho amaqiniso nobufakazi bokuthi isilinganiso esijwayelekile asikwazi ukusungulwa, inkampani yomshuwalense noma i-ejenti yokuhlola kufanele inikeze ngokushesha isiqinisekiso esijwayelekile emkhunjini futhi ifake inani lezimpahla ngesikhathi esifanayo, Ukuze ingaqinisekisi ukulethwa kwezimpahla ezigcinwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ezingafanele.
Ngokuvamile, ukuze izimpahla zifike kumuntu othunyiwe ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka okungadingekile, uhlangothi lwempahla lunikeza isiqinisekiso esijwayelekile esijwayelekile ngokushesha. Ngemva kokuthi ukulungiswa sekuqediwe, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile okungekuhle okujwayelekile kuzokhokhwa ngemuva kokubuyekezwa nokuvunyelwa kombiko wokulungiswa.
Akukho engizokusho, thenga umshwalense!
Kumshwalense wasolwandle, umshwalense omelene "nazo zonke izingozi" yiwona olula kakhulu. Ukumbozwa kwawo yi-FPA, i-WPA kanye nezimpahla ezivikelwe ezithuthwayo ngenxa yezizathu zangaphandle ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa noma ingxenye yako konke. Izizathu zangaphandle zibhekisela kuphela ekwebiweni, ukulethwa kwezimpahla, imvula yamanzi ahlanzekile, imfucumfucu, ukuxubana, ukubola, ukuvuza, umonakalo, ukunambitheka kwentambo, umswakama nokushisa, umonakalo we-hook, ukuqhekeka kwephakeji, umonakalo wokugqwala.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izingozi zesiteleka kanye nezempi azifakiwe kuzo zonke izingozi, ngakho-ke izingozi ezengeziwe zingathengwa uma zithunyelwa ezindaweni ezikhungethwe yimpi noma emazweni athanda iziteleka, njengeNdiya neNingizimu Melika.
Iphrimiyamu yomshuwalense = Intengo ye-CIF ×110% yezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izinga lazo zonke izingozi zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-8/10000 no-3/1000. Kwabaningi abathumela impahla, kungaba amakhulu amadola. Ungabeki ingozi enkulu ukuze wonge le mali.
Ngakho-ke ubani ozokhokhela umshwalense? Kuya ngokuthi usebenzisa liphi igama lokuhweba.
Kukhona ifomu elilula nelilula lokuqoqa:
Nansi incazelo yezimiso ze-CIF ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:
I-CIF
Izindleko, Umshwalense kanye Nempahla, Umthengisi uphatha umshwalense wempahla womthengi futhi ukhokha iphrimiyamu yomshwalense. Uma umthengi nomthengisi bengavumelani ngezingozi ezithile, umthengisi udinga kuphela ukuthola umshwalense omncane kakhulu. Uma umthengi ecela umshwalense wempi owengeziwe, umthengisi uzomqinisekisa umshwalense ngezindleko zomthengi.
I-CIF ingenye yamagama okuhweba asetshenziswa kakhulu. Uma ukwenza i-CIF, kodwa ungathengi umshwalense ngengozi, ungavuma kuphela, kufanele ukhokhe isilinganiso esijwayelekile, futhi ungase ubhekane nezicelo ezivela ezivakashini. Kungani? Uma kufanele uthenge umshwalense, wena ohahayo omncane oshibhile awuthenganga, uthini?
Kukhona nesimo okufanele usiqaphele, ezinye izivakashi ziyashelela kakhulu, kusobala ukuthi zikhuluma nawe nge-FOB, kodwa zifuna wenze i-CIF, ake sithi ake uthole i-forwarder ukuze uyihambise echwebeni labo, kodwa isivakashi sikhokhele imithwalo kuphela, asikunikanga umshwalense. Ngalesi sikhathi uma ucabanga ukuthi noma kunjalo kukhulunywa ngentengo ye-FOB, umshwalense awuhlangene nawe, awuthengi umshwalense, kodwa into yangempela iseseyakho. Bheka, lesi isivakashi esikudlulisweni kwengozi! Uma isivakashi sibuza kanjalo, khona-ke ucela imithwalo kanye nomshwalense.
I-CIP
Inqola kanye Nomshuwalense Okhokhelwe ku-
Umthengisi uletha izimpahla kumthwali wakhe oqokiwe, lapho umthengisi kumele akhokhele imithwalo eya lapho eya khona futhi aqinisekise umthengi ngengozi yokulahlekelwa noma ukulimala kwezimpahla ezithuthwayo. Okusho ukuthi, umthengi uthwala zonke izingozi kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe ngemva kokulethwa ngumthengisi.
I-FOB
Ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-FOB (Free On Board) noma i-CFR (Cost and Freight), kuzobekwa ukuthi umthengi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi impahla imbozwe ngabathengi, futhi umthengisi kufanele azise umthengi ngolwazi lwempahla ngokushesha nje lapho impahla isilungisiwe, futhi umthengi kufanele anqume ukuthi uzothenga yini umshwalense ngokubona kwakhe, ukuze kugwenywe ukungezwani okulandelayo.
Umuntu ohweba kwamanye amazwe wabelane nathi ngomsebenzi weklayenti lakhe wokuhlobisa: intengo isekelwe ku-FOB, kodwa uzokhokhela umthengisi imithwalo yolwandle kanye nenkokhelo ndawonye bese evumela idokhumenti ukuthi ibonise i-CIF ngokuphelele. Umthengisi wacabanga ukuthi akukho ukulahlekelwa esithembisweni, wavuma amavoti ambalwa, manje kubonakala sengathi wenqaba ngokuphelele. Ngempela, lo msebenzi kumele wenqatshwe, noma ingozi izoba ngeyomthengisi.
Futhi uma enza i-FOB, kodwa inkokhelo yokugcina ingakhokhwa, noma ngabe umthengi uthenga umshwalense, cishe uzoba nomthengisi ukuze athwale ukulahlekelwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 18-2020