Kev hloov kho qhov nruab nrab dav dav yog ib qho txheej txheem ntev, kom nug lub tsev txhab nyiaj kom suav nrog kev suav tshaj lij.
Tus tswv nkoj yuav tshaj tawm qhov nruab nrab dav dav hauv lub sijhawm tsim nyog thaum tuaj txog ntawm chaw nres nkoj thawj zaug tom qab qhov nruab nrab dav dav thiab ceeb toom rau cov khoom thauj thiab lub tuam txhab pov hwm ntawm lub nkoj. Yog tias koj muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, thov qhia rau lub tuam txhab pov hwm sai li sai tau, mloog lawv cov lus qhia tshaj lij, thiab lub tuam txhab pov hwm yuav ua tus saib xyuas. Tag nrho Cov Txuas Header, Cov Thaiv Kawg thiab Cov Tsheb Kauj Vab Reflectors daim teb yog tib txoj kev ua.
Lub nkoj thiab tus neeg kho kom haum feem ntau xav kom cov khoom thauj muab kev lav phib xaub dav dav thiab kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nruab nrab ua ntej xa khoom. Hais txog daim ntawv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, rau cov khoom pov hwm, lub nkoj thiab tus neeg kho kom haum feem ntau lees txais tsab ntawv lav phib xaub dav dav uas tau kos npe los ntawm lub tuam txhab pov hwm, thaum cov khoom tsis muaj kev pov hwm feem ntau xav kom cov khoom muab rau tus neeg kho kom haum nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib npaug (yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom lossis tus neeg muag khoom tsis xav them nyiaj lossis qhov sib npaug thiab tus neeg muag khoom tsis tuaj tos cov khoom, cov khoom yuav raug muag kom them rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib npaug). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub nkoj feem ntau xav kom cov khoom thauj muab cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam los ua pov thawj tus nqi ntawm cov khoom.
Tus neeg thauj khoom yuav tsum tam sim ntawd lees paub qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom rau lub tuam txhab xa khoom, khaws cov pov thawj hauv qhov no, nug txog qhov chaw mus thawj zaug ntawm lub nkoj, npaj kev tshuaj xyuas raws sijhawm, thiab muaj peev xwm tso siab rau tus neeg xa khoom los pab cov khoom mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj uas tau teem tseg thawj zaug. Lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov poob tsis tsim nyog.
Yog tias tsis muaj qhov tseeb thiab pov thawj tias qhov nruab nrab dav dav tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau, lub tuam txhab pov hwm lossis tus neeg sawv cev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum muab qhov kev lees paub dav dav rau lub nkoj sai sai thiab muab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj tib lub sijhawm, Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob lav qhov kev xa khoom tsis raws sijhawm lossis tsis raug thiab los ntawm lub nkoj khaws cia cov khoom.
Feem ntau, txhawm rau kom cov khoom xa mus txog tus neeg tau txais khoom sai li sai tau thiab txo qhov kev ncua sijhawm tsis tsim nyog, sab khoom thauj khoom muab kev lees paub qhov nruab nrab sai sai. Tom qab kev hloov kho tiav lawm, qhov kev ntsuas qhov nruab nrab tsis zoo yuav tsum tau them tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev pom zoo ntawm daim ntawv qhia kev hloov kho.
Tsis muaj dab tsi hais, yuav kev pov hwm!
Hauv kev pov hwm dej hiav txwv, kev pov hwm tiv thaiv "txhua yam kev pheej hmoo" yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Nws qhov kev them nqi yog FPA, WPA thiab cov khoom pov hwm thaum thauj mus los vim yog qhov laj thawj sab nraud uas ua rau tag nrho lossis ib feem ntawm qhov poob. Cov laj thawj sab nraud tsuas yog hais txog kev tub sab, kev xa khoom, dej nag tshiab, luv luv, sib xyaw, tarnished, xau, puas tsuaj, saj hlua, noo noo thiab kub, kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus nuv, pob khoom tawg, kev puas tsuaj ntawm xeb.
Yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab kev ua tsov rog tsis suav nrog txhua qhov kev pheej hmoo, yog li ntawd, kev pheej hmoo ntxiv tuaj yeem yuav tau yog tias xa mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev ua tsov rog lossis cov tebchaws uas nyiam kev tawm tsam, xws li Is Nrias teb thiab South America.
Tus nqi pov hwm = tus nqi CIF × 110% rau cov khoom xa tawm. Tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov kev pheej hmoo rau kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb feem ntau yog 8/10000 txog 3/1000. Rau feem ntau cov neeg xa khoom, nws yuav yog pua pua duas las. Tsis txhob muab kev pheej hmoo loj kom txuag tau cov nyiaj no.
Yog li ntawd, leej twg yuav them rau qhov kev pov hwm? Nws nyob ntawm seb koj siv cov lus cog tseg twg.
Muaj ib daim ntawv yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau kev sau:
Nov yog cov lus piav qhia txog cov kev cai CIF uas siv ntau tshaj plaws:
CIF
Tus nqi, Kev pov hwm thiab kev thauj khoom, Tus neeg muag khoom tuav kev pov hwm thauj khoom rau tus neeg yuav khoom thiab them tus nqi pov hwm. Yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom thiab tus neeg muag khoom tsis pom zoo rau cov kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb, tus neeg muag khoom tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txais kev pov hwm tsawg kawg nkaus xwb. Yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom thov kev pov hwm ntxiv, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum pov hwm kev pov hwm ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom tus nqi.
CIF yog ib lo lus siv ua lag luam. Yog koj ua CIF, tab sis koj tsis yuav kev pov hwm yam tsis tau npaj tseg, koj tsuas yog lees xwb, koj yuav tsum them tus nqi nruab nrab, thiab koj yuav raug cov qhua thov kom them. Vim li cas? Koj puas yuav tsum yuav kev pov hwm, koj tus neeg ntshaw me me pheej yig tsis tau yuav, koj hais li cas?
Tseem muaj ib qho xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai, qee tus qhua tsis paub yuav ua li cas, pom tseeb tias tham nrog koj FOB, tab sis xav kom koj ua CIF, hais tias cia koj nrhiav tus neeg xa khoom mus rau lawv lub chaw nres nkoj, tab sis tus qhua tsuas yog them tus nqi thauj khoom xwb, tsis tau muab kev pov hwm rau koj. Lub sijhawm no yog tias koj xav tias qhov ntawd yog tham txog tus nqi FOB, kev pov hwm tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau koj, koj tsis yuav kev pov hwm, tab sis qhov tseeb tseem yog koj li. Saib, qhov no yog tus qhua hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm kev pheej hmoo! Yog tias tus qhua nug li ntawd, ces koj nug nws txog kev thauj khoom thiab kev pov hwm.
CIP
Kev Thauj Mus Los thiab Kev Pov Hwm Them Rau
Tus neeg muag khoom xa cov khoom mus rau nws tus neeg thauj khoom uas tau xaiv tseg, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum them tus nqi thauj khoom mus rau qhov chaw mus thiab pov hwm tus neeg yuav khoom tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom thaum thauj mus los. Ntawd yog, tus neeg yuav khoom ris txhua yam kev pheej hmoo thiab cov nqi ntxiv tom qab tus neeg muag khoom xa tuaj.
FOB
Raws li FOB (Free On Board) lossis CFR (Cost and Freight), nws yuav tsum tau teev tseg tias tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum pov hwm (Yuav tsum tau them los ntawm Cov Neeg Yuav Khoom), thiab tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum qhia rau tus neeg yuav khoom txog cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom sai li sai tau thaum npaj cov khoom xa tuaj, thiab tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb puas yuav yuav kev pov hwm raws li nws lub siab nyiam, kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cav sib ceg tom qab.
Ib tug neeg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws tau qhia rau peb txog nws tus neeg siv khoom txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo: tus nqi yog raws li FOB, tab sis nws yuav them tus neeg muag khoom cov khoom thauj hauv hiav txwv thiab kev them nyiaj ua ke thiab cia daim ntawv qhia CIF tag nrho. Tus neeg muag khoom xav tias tsis muaj kev poob ntawm cov lus cog tseg, taug kev ob peb lub suab, tam sim no nws zoo li tsis kam lees. Tseeb tiag, qhov kev ua haujlwm no yuav tsum raug tsis lees txais, lossis qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav yog tus neeg muag khoom li.
Thiab yog tias nws ua FOB, tab sis qhov nyiaj them kawg tsis tau them, txawm tias tus neeg yuav khoom yuav kev pov hwm los xij, nws yuav nrog tus neeg muag khoom los ris qhov poob.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-18-2020