Ngokutsho kweChina Trade Relief Information Network, i-India yaqalisa amatyala angama-25 okunceda urhwebo nxamnye ne-China ngo-2020, kuquka angama-24 okulwa nokulahla inkunkuma kunye ne-1 yokulwa nokuxhaswa ngemali, ebekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi. Xa kusenziwa ushishino ne-India, izihlanganisi zesiphelo, intloko yebhinqa kwaye izibonisi zelori intsimi kufuneka iqatshelwe.
Ii-APP ezi-4 zaseTshayina zivaliwe unyaka wonke
Ngobusuku bangomhla wama-29 kweyeSilimela ngo-2020, urhulumente waseIndiya wavala ngequbuliso ukusetyenziswa kwe-59" Chinese APP" eIndiya, kuquka iTikTok, iWeChat, iWeibo, iibhokisi zeposi zeQQ, iibrowser ze-UC, njl.njl. Ngomhla wama-25 kweyeKhala, iWeChat imisela ngokusesikweni abasebenzisi bayo eIndiya ukuba bathumele kwaye bafumane imiyalezo. Ngowama-2020, kane ngokulandelelana, khubaza usetyenziso lweselfowuni olunemvelaphi yaseTshayina.
Ukususela ngo-2021, i-India iyaqhubeka "nokwenza iidemon": ngokutsho kwengxelo yeendaba zaseIndiya ngoJanuwari 25, iSebe le-elektroniki kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi laseIndiya likhuphe isaziso esitsha, okwenza umyalelo olawulayo owakhutshwa ngoJuni ophelileyo wokuthintela izicelo ezingama-59 zaseTshayina, ezifana neebrowser zeTikTok、WeChat、UC, ube ngumthetho osisigxina.
Ngaphezu koko, ekupheleni kuka-2020, i-India ayizange ibandakanyeke xa amazwe ali-15 adibeneyo i-China, i-Japan, i-Riphabliki yaseKorea, i-Australia, i-New Zealand kunye ne-ASEAN asayina iSivumelwano soBambiswano lwezoQoqosho oluBanzi lweSithili (i-RCEP), esasayinwa ngamazwe ali-10.
Njengelizwe elibalulekileyo laseAsia, iIndiya ekugqibeleni ikhethe ukungayijoyini i-RCEP. Emva kweminyaka yothethathethwano iIndiya ayijoyini i-RCEP nangona kukho izizathu zoqoqosho, zezikhungo, zesicwangciso, zengqondo kunye nezinye izizathu ezithile, kodwa indlela yokucinga "yokuphinda udlale" icacile kakhulu. Uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwezizathu ezithile zokuba iIndiya ingayijoyini i-RCEP luquka oku kulandelayo:
Uqoqosho lwaseIndiya luye lwenza impumelelo enkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwalo lwemizi-mveliso alunangqiqo kakhulu, luye lwalawulwa ziinkonzo, amashishini, ingakumbi imveliso ibe yinxalenye ephantsi yoqoqosho luphela. Xa idibene neNkulumbuso uModi ka-2014 yokunyanzelisa "okwenziwe eIndiya" ayizange ifikelele kwiziphumo ebezilindelwe, ukuxhomekeka ekuthengeni impahla kwamanye amazwe kunye nokusilela korhwebo lwexesha elide. Okwangoku, iIndiya inesiphene sorhwebo kunye namazwe ali-11 kwali-15 angamalungu e-RECP, ngenxa yoshishino lokuvelisa olubuthathaka lwaseIndiya, imveliso encinci neyabelwe abantu abaninzi, amaxabiso aphezulu emveliso kunye nokungabikho kokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Iimveliso zoomatshini nezombane zenza i-10% kuphela yazo zonke iimveliso zaseIndiya ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngelixa iimveliso eziphambili zenza isithathu kwisithathu. Iimveliso ezininzi zoshishino, ezifana nesamente kunye nentsimbi, zibiza ngaphezulu kwe-20% okanye ngaphezulu kwe-30% yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa i-India ikholelwa ukuba inemarike enkulu yasekhaya kwaye iimveliso zayo zinokufikelela kwimarike yasekhaya.
Ulimo lwaseIndiya luxhomekeke kakhulu kwizibonelelo zikarhulumente, izinga eliphantsi lokuphucula izinto, alunakuthelekiswa ne-Australia, iNew Zealand, iJapan njalo njalo. Ukuba irhafu ye-RCEP iyancitshiswa okanye isuswe, amashishini abuthathaka afana nokuvelisa, ezolimo, iimveliso zobisi aya kuphazamiseka, amanye amashishini aya kuvalwa kwaye abasebenzi baya kuba bengasebenzi.
Njengelizwe elinemilinganiselo yokukhusela irhafu yexesha elide kunye neyokukhusela irhafu, i-India yayinerhafu ephezulu phakathi kwamalungu ayo e-RCEP kwaye ngaphambili yayisayine isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo ne-India, esasifuna ukuba amanye amazwe afumane imvumelwano enkulu. Umzekelo, i-CEPA yase-India (Isivumelwano soBudlelwane boQoqosho neJapan), irhafu ye-India kwiimveliso zaseJapan yehliswe ukuya kwi-7.5 ekhulwini, ngelixa irhafu ye-Japan kwiimveliso zaseIndiya yehliswe ukuya kwi-3.3 ekhulwini.
Ngeli xesha, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamazwe angamalungu, amanye amazwe aphantsi kunenqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseIndiya. Kunzima ngakumbi ukwenza isivumelwano esikhulu neIndiya yodwa. Ukusilela korhwebo eIndiya kuye kwanda ngenxa yokoyika ukusetyenziswa kakubi ngamazwe afana neTshayina, iJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea, ngelixa iye yaxoxisana ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaxabiso asisiseko erhafu, imithetho yemvelaphi, urhwebo kwiinkonzo, iimarike kunye nemithetho yotyalo-mali.
Ixhalabile ngempembelelo yokujoyina i-RCEP kumashishini anxulumene nayo kunye nokungabikho kwemisebenzi yezigidi ngenxa yoko, okungahambelani nombono wayo wokuvuselela imveliso, i-India ikhethe ukungayijoyini i-RCEP.
2. Ndixhalabile nge-RCEP ekhokelwa yiTshayina
I-India ibixhalabile kakhulu ngokunyuka kweTshayina, umgaqo-nkqubo wayo wentsebenziswano yangaphandle uhlala ulawulwa yiyo, ukhuthaza ngenkuthalo i-BIMSTEC (umbutho wentsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho nobuchwepheshe weBay of Bengal)," isicwangciso se-monsoon "," i-Indian Ocean Regional Cooperation Alliance "," i-Indian Ocean Naval Forum "njl.
Phakathi kwamalungu e-RCEP, iTshayina lelona lizwe likhulu kwezoqoqosho kwaye lilinye lamalungu amahlanu asisigxina eBhunga lezoKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo. Imithombo yeendaba yaseNtshona kunye nemithombo yaseIndiya iyavuma ukuba i-RCEP iya kulawulwa yiTshayina okanye iTshayina iya kuboleka i-RCEP ukuze yandise ngakumbi impembelelo yengingqi. Owayesakuba nguMphathiswa Wezangaphandle waseIndiya, uKanwar Sibal (Kanwal Sibal), uthe amazwe "eSicwangciso se-Indo-Pacific" afuna "ukuchasana neTshayina", ngelixa i-RCEP yomeleza ubudlelwane bezoqoqosho neTshayina kwaye yanciphisa indima ye-Indo-Pacific Alliance.
Ngenxa yoko, iIndiya ayifuni ukujoyina i-RCEP elawulwa yiTshayina
3. Ukuchaswa yimikhosi yasekhaya
I-India yipolitiki yokhetho kunye nomdlalo onomdla, kwaye umgaqo-nkqubo wayo wangaphandle uphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi. Okwangoku, i-India ayinayo nje kuphela ingxabano enkulu kwezopolitiko, kodwa noqoqosho aluzange ludale imakethi emanyeneyo. Ilizwe lakhe belisoloko linelizwi elahlukileyo malunga nokuba lijoyine i-RCEP. Inkcaso ephambili ivela kumashishini amancinci naphakathi kunye nabalimi ababuthathaka, kunye namanye amandla ezopolitiko asekhaya. Eyokuqala iphantsi, engenayo ingeniso ephantsi, ayikwazi ukuthwala uxinzelelo lokhuphiswano kunye nomngcipheko oziswa yi-RCEP, kwaye eyesibini ichasene nokujoyina i-RCEP ikakhulu ngeenjongo zezopolitiko.
Ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhulu, urhulumente kaModi kwafuneka ayeke ukujoyina i-RCEP, ukuze aqhubeke nolawulo lwasekhaya.
4. Ukuhla kokukhula koqoqosho
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula koqoqosho, urhulumente kaModi ukhuphe isicwangciso sotyalo-mali esikhulu kwaye waphucula ngokukhutheleyo imeko-bume yeshishini ukuze kutsalwe utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, kuphuhliswe ishishini lemveliso kunye nochungechunge lwemizi-mveliso, kodwa isiphumo asanelisi. Okwangoku, ukwehla koqoqosho lwaseIndiya kubi kakhulu, ukukhuselwa kwasekhaya kuphezulu. Ngo-2020, izinga lokukhula koqoqosho lwaseIndiya lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwiminyaka emininzi, lichaphazeleka yibhubhane. Njengoko ukukhula koqoqosho kwehla, utshintsho luye lwama, amatyala anyuka, intswela-ngqesho yanyuka, kwaye abantu babesokola, amaqela aphikisayo kunye nabalimi abangakhuphisani kangako, oosomashishini kunye noosomashishini baqala ukuhlasela urhulumente kaModi rhoqo. Ukuba urhulumente usayina i-RCEP, uxinzelelo lwabachasi luyakhula.
5 Shiya indawo yokulandela icebo le-Indo-Pacific
Kangangexesha elide, i-India ibilandela umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle osebenzayo. Okwangoku, kwisakhelo sentsebenziswano yengingqi, ukongeza kwi-RCEP, i-United States kunye namanye amazwe atsala ngamandla i-India ukuba ijoyine "iSicwangciso se-Indo-Pacific", iBrexit Britain ikwanethemba lokusayina isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo ne-India. I-India ikholelwa ukuba ixesha langoku lamathuba ophuhliso, onke amaqela kufuneka abekelwe i-India, anokubekwa ityala.
Ngenxa yokugqithisela impembelelo yayo, i-United States, kunye nokurhoxa kwesicwangciso "se-India-Pacific", i-India "ibiza kakhulu" okanye "ixoxa" ngemiba ye-RCEP, nto leyo eyenza iingxoxo zibe nzima ngakumbi.
Indlela Yokuqwalasela Ubudlelwane Borhwebo Phakathi KweSino-Indiya
Phantsi kweemeko zotshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobunzima kubudlelwane phakathi kweSino-Indian, ukhetho lweIndiya kufuneka lujongwe ngendlela echanekileyo, ezolileyo neqondakalayo. Kwixesha elizayo, iTshayina neIndiya, kunye namanye amazwe afanelekileyo, kufuneka zizame ukuphelisa ukungavisisani, zidibanise umahluko, zikhuthaze ngokubambisana inkqubo yokuhlanganiswa koqoqosho lwengingqi, kwaye zidale ikamva elingcono.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-01-2021