Sisebenzisa amakhukhi ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nendlela osebenzisa ngayo i-GOV.UK. Sisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukwenza iwebhusayithi isebenze ngendlela evamile ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthuthukisa izinsizakalo zikahulumeni.
Izibani zekhanda, izibani zesikhundla, izibani ezisebenza emini, izibani zokuma, izinkomba, izibani ezixwayisa ngengozi, izibani zenkungu, izibani ezibuyela emuva, "indaba yokukhanyisa", amasokhethi kagesi enqola, imithetho yocingo kanye nebhethri kanye nezimoto nezimoto zabagibeli ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-MOT.
"Izibani zekhanda eziphoqelekile" ziyizibani zekhanda ezihambisanayo ezinemisebe ephezulu kanye nezibani zekhanda ezihambisanayo ezinemisebe ephansi. Lezi zingaba ezizimele noma zibe yizibani ezimbili.
Amabhasi asetshenziswe okokuqala ngaphambi komhla lu-1 kuMfumfu 1969 adinga isibani sangaphambili kuphela. Uma kufakwe amabili, i-beam ephezulu noma i-beam ephansi akudingeki ukuthi kubhangqwe.
Izingxenye ezilandelayo kumele zibe nemishayo emibili ephakeme kanye nemishayo emibili ephansi - zingafakwa ngokwehlukana noma ngazimbili:
Uhlobo lwesibani sangaphambili luzonquma ukuthi ngabe ithagethi kumele ihlolwe yini emsebeni ophansi noma emsebeni ophezulu (bheka Imifanekiso 1, 2 kanye no-3).
Uma nje zonke izingqimba ezingaphezulu zomshayo (kufaka phakathi noma yiziphi "iziqongo") ziqukethwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokubekezelela obufanele, ingaphezulu eliyisicaba noma enye iphethini yomshayo wokucwiliswa kwesibani sekhanda ingasetshenziswa.
Imaski noma ikhithi yokuguqula ingafakwa esibanini sokucwilisa esingakwesokudla ukuze kushintshwe okwesikhashana isibani esisetshenziswa e-UK ngokususa "isibani esisekelayo" ngakwesokudla.
Uma isilawuli sokuqondisa ugongolo lomshayeli sifakiwe, isilawuli sokuqondisa ugongolo kufanele sihlolwe ngaphandle kokushintsha izilungiselelo zokulawula. Uma lokhu kubangela ukuthi isilawuli sokuqondisa ugongolo singasebenzi kahle kakhulu, isilawuli kufanele sibekwe endaweni "ephezulu" ukuze siphinde sihlole isilawuli sokuqondisa ugongolo.
Ezimotweni ezinesistimu yokumiswa kwe-hydro-pneumatic, injini kumele isebenze uma ihlola ama-headlight target.
Qondisa izibani zangaphambili emotweni ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.
Ngezinhlelo zamalensi eziyinkimbinkimbi (okungukuthi, izinhlelo zamalensi ezinezibani eziningi ngemuva kwelensi eyodwa), qiniseka ukuthi imishini yokuhlola iqondiswe ngokunembile enkabeni yesikhwama se-low beam.
Akufanele wenze ukulungisa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-MOT, kodwa ungenza izinguquko ezincane esibanini esiqondiswe kuso.
Uma izibani zangaphambili zaseBrithani naseMelika zinephethini yokukhanya okuyinhloko engalingani, futhi indawo yazo ephakathi inamandla amakhulu, ibizwa ngokuthi "indawo eshisayo" futhi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa emlilweni oyinhloko.
Ngokuvamile, kukhona nelensi eyindilinga ephawulwe ngenombolo "1", elandelwa umcibisholo okhombisa indlela yokucwiliswa.
Ukuze ibhalbhu ye-Anglo-American idlule, kumelwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye ekhanyayo yesithombe iyehla uma icwiliswa ebhalbhuni.
Umsebe ophansi noma umsebe ophezulu kumele ukhanyiswe ngokushesha lapho uvuliwe (kuye ngokuthi iswishi ye-DIP ikuphi).
Isibani sekhanda esidingekayo siqukethe izibani zekhanda ezinemisebe ephezulu efanayo kanye nezibani zekhanda ezinemisebe ephansi efanayo. Lezi zingaba ezizimele noma zibe yizibani ezimbili.
Amabhasi asetshenziswe okokuqala ngaphambi komhla lu-1 kuMfumfu 1969 adinga isibani sangaphambili kuphela. Uma kufakwe amabili, akudingeki ukuthi kubhangqwe umsebe ophezulu noma umsebe ophansi.
Kuhlelo lwezibani ezine, isibani sangaphandle asidingi ukukhipha ukukhanya okunombala ofanayo nesibani sangaphakathi.
Indawo eqondile yebhalbhu akuyona ingxenye yokuhlolwa, kodwa kufanele uhlole ngamehlo ukuthi ukuphakama nebanga phakathi kwebhalbhu nezinhlangothi zemoto kuyafana.
Amayunithi ezibani ze-halogen akhona akufanele aguqulwe ukuze asetshenziswe nama-HID bulbs. Uma lokhu kuguqulwa kwenziwa, izibani zekhanda kumele zicinywe.
Izingxenye ezilandelayo kumele zibe nemishayo emibili ephakeme kanye nemishayo emibili ephansi - zingafakwa ngokwehlukana noma ngazimbili:
Izimoto ezinezibani zokukhanya ezikhipha ugesi ngamandla aphezulu (HID) noma ze-LED ezikhanyayo zingase zibe nohlelo lokuzilinganisa oluyi-suspension noma lwe-headlight. Uma lezi zinhlelo zifakiwe, kumele zisebenze kahle.
Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukunquma ukuthi uhlelo lokulinganisa oluzenzakalelayo lusebenza kahle yini. Kulesi simo, kufanele uzuze ekusolweni.
Izimoto azidingi ukufaka izibani zesikhundla, zingaphinde zinqanyulwe unomphela, zipendwe noma zimbozwe. Kulokhu, kufanele ukhiphe isaziso sokweluleka. Lezi zimoto azidingi izibani zokuphawula umugqa wokugcina.
Imoto kumele ibe nezibani ezimbili ezingaphambili kanye nezibani ezimbili ezingemuva, kodwa ububanzi be-tricycle noma i-four-wheeler bungaphansi kuka-1300mm.
Izibani ezisebenza emini (DRL) noma izibani zangaphambili zingasetshenziswa njengezibani ezisebenza ngaphambili. Uma ama-DRL esetshenziswa njengezibani ezisebenza ngaphambili, angafiphazwa noma angafiphazwa lapho izibani ezisebenza ngemuva zivuliwe, futhi angafiphazwa noma acinywe lapho izibani zangaphambili zivuliwe.
Izibani zangaphambili nangemuva kumele zikhanyiswe ngesikhathi esifanayo nezibani zepuleti lokubeka kanye nezibani zokuphawula umugqa womsila.
Amabhayisikili anamasondo amathathu kanye nezimoto ezinamasondo amane ezinobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-1,300 mm kumele okungenani zibe nokukhanya okungaphambili okukodwa kanye nokukhanya okungemuva okukodwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ububanzi obukhulu bemoto budlula u-1300mm, kumele kube nezibani ezimbili zangaphambili kanye nezibani ezimbili zengemuva.
Amabhasi asetshenziswa okokuqala ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli 1, 1955 adinga kuphela inkomba yesimo sangemuva. Ibhalbhu kumele ibe sesimweni esingathathi hlangothi noma esingaphezu komugqa.
Kumelwe uhlole izibani zokubonisa umugqa wokugcina wezimoto ezingaphezu kuka-2100mm ezaqala ukusetshenziswa ngomhlaka-1 Ephreli 1991 noma ngemva kwawo, ngaphandle kwesibuko sokubuka ngemuva.
Uma izibani zokukhanyisa zasemini (DRL) zifakwe njengemishini yokuqala ezimotweni ezisetshenziswa okokuqala ngqa ngomhlaka-1 Mashi 2018 noma ngemva kwawo, udinga ukuzihlola kuphela.
Ungavula isibani sendawo esihlalweni somshayeli ngokucindezela iswishi. Izibani zendawo kumele zikhanyiswe ngesikhathi esifanayo nezibani zepuleti lelayisensi kanye nanoma yiziphi izibani zokumaka i-contour ezifakiwe.
Izibani ezisebenza emini (DRL) noma izibani zangaphambili zingasetshenziswa njengezibani ezisebenza ngaphambili. Uma ama-DRL esetshenziswa njengezibani ezisebenza ngaphambili, angafiphazwa noma angafiphazwa lapho izibani ezisebenza ngemuva zivuliwe, futhi angafiphazwa noma acinywe lapho izibani zangaphambili zivuliwe.
Uma izibani zangaphambili noma izibani zenkungu zangaphambili zivuliwe, izibani zangaphambili zingacima. Uma inkomba yendawo isetshenziswa kanye nenkomba yesiqondiso, inkomba yendawo ingase icime noma ingacimi lapho inkomba yesiqondiso efanele ikhanya.
Izibani zangaphambili nezingemuva kumele zikhanye ngesikhathi esifanayo nezibani zokuphawula i-contour yokugcina lapho zifakwe khona.
Uma izibani zokukhanyisa zasemini (DRL) zifakwe njengemishini yokuqala ezimotweni ezisetshenziswa okokuqala ngqa ngomhlaka-1 Mashi 2018 noma ngemva kwawo, udinga ukuzihlola kuphela.
Uma i-DRL icishiwe ngesandla, ngezinye izikhathi ngeke ikhanyise kuze kube yilapho imoto ihamba ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngehora (6.2 mph) noma imoto ihamba ngamamitha ayi-100 (328 feet).
Izimoto zempi zingase zibe neswishi enezindawo eziningi engakwazi ukuvula izibani zangaphambili nangemuva ngokusebenza okukodwa. Lokhu akufanele kubhekwe njengephutha.
Indawo eqondile yebhalbhu ayikho ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokuhlolwa. Kufanele uhlole ngamehlo ukuthi ukuphakama nebanga phakathi kwazo nezinhlangothi zemoto cishe kuyafana.
Vula izibani zendawo kanye nezibani zokugijima zasemini, bese usebenzisa zonke ezinye izibani ngokulandelana. Hlola ukuthi izibani zendawo, izibani zokubonisa i-contour noma izibani zokugijima zasemini zithinteke kabi yini.
Uma inkomba yesikhundla isetshenziswa kanye nenkomba yesiqondiso, inkomba yesikhundla ingase icime noma ingacimi lapho inkomba yesiqondiso efanele ikhanya.
Izibani ezisebenza emini (DRL) noma izibani zangaphambili zingasetshenziswa njengezibani ezisebenza ngaphambili. Uma ama-DRL esetshenziswa njengezibani ezisebenza ngaphambili, angafiphazwa noma angafiphazwa lapho izibani ezisebenza ngemuva zivuliwe, futhi angafiphazwa noma acinywe lapho izibani zangaphambili zivuliwe.
Izimoto ezinobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-2,100mm ukuze zisetshenziswe okokuqala ngomhlaka-1 Ephreli 1991 noma ngemva kwalokho kumele zihlole izibani zazo zokubonisa umugqa wokugcina.
Udinga nje ukuhlola izibani ezisebenza emini (DRL) ezifakwe njengemishini yokuqala yokusetshenziswa kokuqala ngomhlaka-1 Mashi 2018 noma ngemva kwalokho.
Uma i-DRL icishiwe ngesandla, ngezinye izikhathi ngeke ikhanyise kuze kube yilapho imoto ihamba ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngehora (6.2mph) noma imoto ihamba ngamamitha ayi-100 (328ft).
Izimoto ezisetshenziswe okokuqala ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1, 1971 zingafakwa isibani esisodwa sokuma, esingafakwa phakathi noma eceleni.
Ngaphezu kwezimfuneko eziphoqelekile, ezinye izibani zamabhuleki kumele zihlolwe. Kodwa-ke, uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi zixhunyiwe yini, kufanele uzuze ekusolweni.
Ngemva kokunyathela ibhuleki, zonke izibani zamabhuleki kumele zivulwe ngokushesha, futhi kumele zicinywe ngokushesha ngemva kokukhulula ibhuleki.
Izimoto ezisetshenziswe okokuqala ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1, 1971 zingafakwa isibani esisodwa sokuma kuphela. Isibani singafakwa maphakathi noma ngasesikhundleni se-offside.
Ngaphezu kwezimfuneko eziphoqelekile, ezinye izibani zamabhuleki kumele zihlolwe. Kodwa-ke, uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi zixhunyiwe yini, kufanele uzuze ekusolweni.
Izimoto ezaqala ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kukaSepthemba 1, 1965 zingase zibe nesibani samabhuleki kanye nenkomba yesiqondiso.
Izimoto ezaqala ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1, 1971 zingafakwa isibani esisodwa sokuma. Isibani singafakwa phakathi noma ngaseceleni kwe-offside.
Ngaphezu kwezimfuneko eziphoqelekile, ezinye izibani zamabhuleki kumele zihlolwe. Kodwa-ke, uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi zixhunyiwe yini, kufanele uzuze ekusolweni.
Cindezela i-pedal yebhuleki ukuze ukhanyise izibani zamabhuleki, bese usebenzisa zonke ezinye izibani zezinkomba ngokulandelana ukuze ubone ukuthi izibani zamabhuleki zithinteke kabi yini.
Uma inkomba yokuqondisa isetshenziswa kanye nezibani zamabhuleki noma izibani zangaphambili nezingemuva, izimoto ezisetshenziswe okokuqala ngaphambi kukaSepthemba 1, 1965 zingaba nenkomba yangaphambili emhlophe kanye nenkomba yangemuva ebomvu.
Izimoto ezisetshenziswe okokuqala ngomhlaka-1 Ephreli 1986 noma ngemva kwalokho kumele zibe nezinkomba zokuphindaphinda ohlangothini oluphuzi ohlangothini ngalunye.
Izinkomba zokuqondisa ezilandelanayo/ezishintshashintshayo akufanele zibhekwe njengembangela yokwehluleka.
Ama-Tricycle nama-quadricycle ahlukaniswe njengama-moped awadingi izibani zokuxwayisa ngengozi. Ama-moped "aqinile" kuphela okumele abe nezinkomba zokuqondisa.
Isibani esixwayisa ngengozi singasetshenziswa kuphela ngeswishi eyodwa, futhi iswishi yenjini noma yokushisa isesimweni sokuvula nokuvala.
Ezimotweni ezinamasondo amathathu kanye nasezimotweni ezinamasondo amane, izibani zesixwayiso sengozi kumele zisebenze lapho injini isebenza nalapho injini icishiwe. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa iswishi yokucima umlilo yenjini noma ukuvala iswishi yokushisa.
Uma inkomba yokuqondisa isetshenziswa kanye nezibani zamabhuleki noma izibani zangaphambili nezingemuva, izimoto ezisetshenziswe okokuqala ngaphambi kukaSepthemba 1, 1965 zingaba nenkomba yangaphambili emhlophe kanye nenkomba yangemuva ebomvu.
Vula inkomba yokuqondisa, bese usebenzisa zonke ezinye izinkomba ngokulandelana ukuze ubone ukuthi inkomba yokuqondisa ithinteke kabi yini.
Emotweni enenkomba yesiqondiso kanye nenkomba yesikhundla esetshenziswe okokuqala ngqa ngomhlaka-1 Septhemba 1965 noma ngemva kwalokho, inkomba yesikhundla kumele icinywe lapho inkomba yesiqondiso ikhanya. Ukukhanya kwenkomba yesiqondiso kumele kukhanye kuphela nge-amber, futhi kungabi khona izibani zenkomba ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu.
Indawo eqondile yebhalbhu ayikho ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokuhlolwa. Kufanele uhlole ngamehlo ukuthi ukuphakama nebanga phakathi kwazo nezinhlangothi zemoto cishe kuyafana.
Izinkomba zokuqondisa ezilandelanayo/ezishintshashintshayo akufanele zibhekwe njengembangela yokwehluleka.
Isibani sesikhombisi kumele sikhanye izikhathi ezingu-60 kuya kwezingu-120 ngomzuzu. Isikhombisi sokuqondisa sohlobo lwe-semaphore akudingeki sikhanye.
Vumela izibani zenkungu zangaphambili nangemuva ukuthi zisebenze ngokuzimela kunoma yiziphi ezinye izibani noma izinhlelo zokushisa.
Isibani senkungu sangemuva singahlanganiswa nesibani sendawo yangemuva. Vumela izibani zenkungu zangaphambili nezangemuva ukuthi zisebenze ngokuzimela kunoma yiziphi ezinye izibani noma izinhlelo zokukhanyisa. Umsebenzi wesibani senkungu akumelwe uthintwe kabi ngokusebenza kwanoma yisiphi esinye isibani.
Vula izibani zenkungu zangemuva bese usebenzisa zonke ezinye izibani ngokulandelana ukuze ubone ukuthi izibani zenkungu zangemuva zithinteke kabi yini.
Kumelwe uhlole zonke izibani zokubuyela emuva ezifakwe ezimotweni ezisetshenziswe okokuqala kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMandulo 2009, ngaphandle kwezimoto ezinamasondo amane kanye nezimoto zeKlasi 3.
Ingemuva lesibani esibuyela emuva kumele libonise ukukhanya okumhlophe. Kwezinye izimoto, kungadingeka ukuthi injini iqhutshwe ngaphambi kokuba izibani ezibuyela emuva zisebenze.
Kumelwe uhlole zonke izibani zokubuyela emuva ezifakwe ezimotweni ezisetshenziswe okokuqala kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMandulo 2009, ngaphandle kwezimoto ezinamasondo amane kanye nezimoto zeKlasi 3.
Ingemuva lesibani esibuyela emuva kumele libonise ukukhanya okumhlophe. Kwezinye izimoto, kungadingeka ukuthi injini iqhutshwe ngaphambi kokuba izibani ezibuyela emuva zisebenze.
Kumelwe uhlole zonke izibani zokubuyela emuva ezifakwe ezimotweni ezisetshenziswe okokuqala kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMandulo 2009, ngaphandle kwezimoto ezinamasondo amane kanye nezimoto zeKlasi 3.
Isibani esibuyela emuva kumele sisebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kukhethwa igiya elibuyela emuva, futhi sicime lapho igiya elibuyela emuva lingakhethwanga.
Kwezinye izimoto, kungadingeka ukuthi injini iqhutshwe ngaphambi kokuba izibani ezibuyela emuva zisebenze.
Kumelwe uhlole izibani zepuleti lelayisense kuzo zonke izimoto ezifakwe izibani zangaphambili nangemuva.
Isibani senkomba yepuleti lelayisensi kumele sikhanyise ipuleti lelayisensi elingemuva. Ezinye izimoto zingase zibe nalezi zibani ezifakwe ngemuva kwepuleti lelayisensi.
Kumelwe uhlole izibani zepuleti lelayisense kuzo zonke izimoto ezifakwe izibani zangaphambili nangemuva.
Isibuko kumele sifakwe ngokulinganayo. Nakuba indawo eqondile yesibuko sangemuva esiyimpoqo ingekho ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokuhlolwa, sicela uhlole ngamehlo ukuthi ukuphakama nebanga phakathi kwazo nezinhlangothi zemoto kucishe kufane.
"Ukulandisa indaba" okunemisebe ephezulu kuyadingeka kuphela ezimotweni ezisetshenziswe okokuqala ngomhlaka-1 Ephreli 1986 noma ngemva kwalokho. Izimoto zohlobo lwesithathu azidingi ukuhlola imisebe ephezulu ukuze zilandise izindaba.
Uma kungekho bhola lokudonsa noma iphini, kodwa ibhulakhethi lokwengeza lisekhona, kufanele uhlole ukuthi isokhethi likagesi lifakwe ibhola lokudonsa noma iphini:
Uma i-accessory bracket yenziwe ngamabomu ukuthi ingafaneleki ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, asikho isidingo sokuhlola indawo yokukhipha ugesi.
Uma udinga amathuluzi noma imishini ekhethekile yokususa i-bumper noma iphaneli yokufinyelela emzimbeni ukuze ufinyelele isokhethi, asikho isidingo sokuhlola isokhethi yamandla e-trailer.
Isokhethi yamandla yetreyila enesici noma engekho enesembozo esiphendukayo nesipilingi sokubamba ipulaki endaweni yayo ayibhekwa njengenesici.
Ezimotweni ezine-trailer ene-socket yaseYurophu enamaphini angu-13, sicela usebenzise imishini evunyelwe ukuhlola ukuthi i-socket ixhunywe ngezintambo ukuze isebenzise i-trailer ngendlela efanele:
Kumelwe uhlole amabhethri azo zonke izimoto (kufaka phakathi izimoto zikagesi neze-hybrid). Ukuhlolwa akusebenzi ezimotweni zeKlasi 3.
Ungafaki ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwezezimali, njengenombolo yakho yoMshuwalense Kazwelonke noma imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu.
Ukuze sisizakale sithuthukise i-GOV.UK, singathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngokuvakasha kwakho namuhla. Sizokuthumelela isixhumanisi sefomu lempendulo. Vele ugcwalise imizuzu emi-2. Ungakhathazeki, ngeke sikuthumelele ugaxekile noma sabelane ngekheli lakho le-imeyili nanoma ubani.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-22-2020