Le PC idumileyo, esele ikhulile, ibisoloko ijongela phantsi iiPC Labs zePCMag ixesha elide kunokuba nabani na kwiqela lethu enokukhumbula. Kwi-40 yayo enkulu, siyicocile... saza sayichitha.
Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ifilimu malunga nesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-40 sokuzalwa kwe-IBM PC (nge-12 ka-Agasti 2021), ndiza kuvotela isihloko esithi: Kuza kubakho uthuli. Kungenxa yokuba umsebenzi wam kukuphucula ii-PC ze-IBM ezindala kwilebhu yePC yePCMag, ukuze zikwazi ukuvuselelwa ngeentsuku ezibalulekileyo. Hayi bo!
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iiPC ezintathu ze-IBM zeminyaka yoo-1980, nganye ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokuyila esihambelanayo, zazigcina iiPC Labs kwaye zigcinwe kwiishelufu eziphakamileyo. Imisebenzi yemyuziyam iye yasinda ekusetyenzisweni kwayo, ukufuduswa kweeofisi ezininzi, kunye neescrewdriver zabahlalutyi abaninzi behardware abanomdla. Zibekho ixesha elide kangangokuba akukho mntu kwiqela lika-2021 onokukhumbula ukuba zagqibela nini ukudilizwa, ukucocwa nothuli kunye nokumangaliswa. Enyanisweni, akukho mntu uqinisekileyo nokuba zeziphi iimodeli.
Ndichithe iintsuku ezininzi ndidibanisa kwaye ndiqhekeza iPC, kodwa andingomveliso wesizukulwana sokuqala seePC. Ikhompyutha yam yokuqala, malunga nowe-1984, yayiyiCommodore VIC-20 engabizi kakhulu. KwiTV emnyama namhlophe, ndachwetheza iinkqubo zeBASIC kwimagazini ndaza ndazigcina kwi-cassette tape drive enzima. (Ndisoloko ndibamonela abo bahlobo bane-C64 enamandla ngakumbi kunye nediski yayo yangaphandle.) Ndachitha ixesha elininzi ngenxa yedesktop yeApple Mac LC ngo-1991, emva koko ndafumana iMac clone (Ngaba kukho umntu okhumbula ii-UMAX SuperMacs?), ndaza ndafumana iPC clone yam yokuqala...Andizange ndijonge ngasemva.
Oko kukuthi: Ndiphoswe ziintlungu ezikhulayo ze-IBM PC kwiminyaka eli-10 yokuqala okanye ngaphezulu. Kutheni ndingalandeli ixesha elilahlekileyo ngo-2021?
Ndikhuphe iiPC ezintathu ze-IBM zePC Labs kwindawo yokugcina. Emva kwemizuzu emihlanu yokukhangela, ukukhangela kunye nokukhuthaza kuGoogle, ndifumanise ukuba ezimbini zePC yi-IBM PC XT, imodeli yesizukulwana sesibini. (Ibheji encinci ethi "XT" engaphambili kufuneka ibe sisipho esifileyo.) Zibuyele eshelufini. Siza kuzigcina ezi mveliso zimbini kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-40 sePC XT ngoMatshi 2023. Kodwa enye yazo yi-IBM PC Model 5150 - igama losapho lePC yokuqala ye-IBM. (Hurray!) Kodwa yayiliqhekeza ngaphakathi nangaphandle. (Shh!)
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iiPC Labs zisenokuba bezibambe itheko le-rave kwi-relic Model 5150 yayo xa kubhiyozelwa iminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-25 ye-IBM PC. Enye yee-floppy drives isusiwe yaza yabekwa ecaleni, isenokungabi yeyokuqala. Abanye abantu abakrelekrele bafake i-HD-DVD drive kwisiqingatha se-double-height 5.25-intshi drive bay. (Uyakhumbula i-HD-DVD? Mhlawumbi akufanele wenze oku.) Esinye isiqingatha sine-hard drive endala, engcolileyo ye-5.25-intshi Seagate ehleli ngaphakathi, ityibilika kancinci.
Susa isiciko, ingaphakathi le-5150 lifana neliphumo lepati yobuzalwana. I-slime emdaka ithathe indawo kwiintambo zeribhoni... ngandlela ithile isanamathela. I-Coca-Cola ivuthile? (Xa ucinga ngobudala, mhlawumbi yi-New Coke.) I-asidi yebhetri? Nokuba yintoni na, ii-alcohol wipes zinokuyisombulula. (Um.)
Iqokobhe elikhululekileyo: ikhadi lojongano lwe-hard drive yeSeagate. Lithetha utshintsho olukhululekileyo olufana nolukhululekileyo. Yikhuphe loo nto. Ayilophawu lulungileyo nalo.
Sine-IBM PC Model 5150 enye kuphela esetyenziswa kakuhle kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa gwenxa. Ibhakhowudi yenkampani evela kwiZiff-Davis (inkampani engumzali wePCMag iminyaka emininzi) ibonisa ukuba le yayiyeyona nto yayiphambili kwi-IT, eyona nto yayiphambili ekuhleleni ixesha elide. I-PCMagger ethile enolwazi ilugcinile kwinqwaba yeziqwenga ukuze ilusebenzise kwixesha elizayo.
Kwenziwa uphando oluthile malunga nebhodi yomama, kwaye olu lwazi lufunyenwe ecaleni kwelinye icala: "64KB-256KB CPU." Oku kwabonisa ukuba imodeli ye-5150 yayiluhlaziyo lwamva. Hayi, i-IBM PC yethu ayisiyo "yokuqala" yokuqala, i-OG 1981 PC. Yahlanganiswa kwiminyaka embalwa kamva.
Uqikelelo oluhle: 1984. Ileyibhile yelaphu enamathele ngaphakathi kwisithethi se-mono ibonisa ukuba isithethi senziwe okanye sahlanganiswa ngoSeptemba 1984, mhlawumbi eFlorida. Akucaci ukuba leliphi ileyibhile.
Ingxaki kukuba i-PC "yokuqala" ye-IBM eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1981 yayibizwa ngokuba yiModel 5150, kodwa i-5150 yahlaziywa kamva. Yayisenziwa uninzi lweminyaka yoo-1980, yalungiswa yaphuculwa, yaza yathengiswa ngaxeshanye neemodeli zamva nje, ezifana nenguqulelo enkulu elandelayo, i-IBM PC XT. I-laboratory survivor yethu ayingomntu wakudala, kodwa inembonakalo efanayo yangaphandle kunye nesibindi esifanayo.
Asinayo ikhibhodi ye-IBM esandleni, kwaye ii-DOS floppy disks zilahlekile kangangeminyaka emininzi, ngoko ke sinokwenza izinto ezimbalwa kakhulu ngeePC. Ukuyiqhagamshela kwi-monitor (ngaphezulu koko kamva) nokuyiqala kuya kubangela uthotho lwee-beeps ezinomsindo. Kodwa besifuna ukufota le nkqubo ukuze sincedise ekupapashweni kwakhona kwePCMag kophononongo lokuqala lwe-IBM PC ngo-1981. Ungayijonga kwikhonkco kwaye ujonge imagazini yokuqala kwiGoogle Books (singasathethi ke ngombuzo wethu wangasemva).
Ngoko ke ngexesha lokufota, ndenze into eyayinokwenziwa yinja yezixhobo ezizihloniphayo: ukuyidiliza! Umfoti wethu onesigulana uMolly Flores (uMolly Flores) wema ecaleni ukuze athathe imifanekiso. Senze inkqubo ye-2021 PCMag studio processing kwiiPC phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1980. Kubonakala ngathi kulusizi ukuchitha yonke le mifanekiso intle, ngoko ke yiza usityelele.
Kwakhona, andingomntwana wenguqu yokuqala yePC phakathi kweminyaka yoo-80, ngoko ke uhlalutyo lwam apha luza kuba luhle kancinci, kwaye luza kulandela iinkumbulo ezintle zomhleli-oyintloko wangaphambili uMichael Miller kwezinye iindawo, utshilo ngokwakhe. Ke ngoko, ndicela undiphathe kakuhle kwaye ushiye iinkumbulo zakho kwizimvo ezisezantsi kwenqaku!
Okokuqala kukho iifoto ezinomdla ze-5150 endala. UMolly uyenza ibukeke intle ngaphezu kokuba ibukeka. Ndisebenzisa isepha ethambileyo kunye neetawuli ukukhuhla itshasi, ndongeza ii-alcohol wipes ukususa ukungcola okuqinileyo, kwaye ndisebenzise umoya osemathinini ukucoca iimbila ezinothuli ngaphakathi. Ukhuhle ezinye kwiPhotoshop.
Leyo yimonitha ye-IBM 5151 ephezu kwekhava. Le yi-CRT enombala omnye kuphela enesisombululo esibalaseleyo sendalo...oonobumba abangama-80, imigca engama-25. (Nceda uqaphele ukuba aba ngoonobumba, hayi ii-pixels.) I-Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) ye-IBM, ikhadi levidiyo lokuqala, yayinokuba namandla kwiphaneli, nangona samangaliswa xa sivula ikhava. (Iza kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha kamva.)
...Akukho zilawuli zimbi kwisikrini, akukho neswitshi yokuvula/yokucima. Kungenxa yokuba isikrini sixhuma ngqo ngasemva kwebhokisi yePC ngeentambo ezimbini eziqinileyo...
...Enye yeyombane kwaye enye yeyomqondiso wevidiyo. (Siza kugubungela la makhadi, iiports, kunye neesockets kamva.) Ukunika amandla idesktop yePC kuya kunika amandla imonitha.
Ngoko ke apha sine-chassis yangaphandle yohlobo lwe-5150, ecocekileyo kunangaphambili malunga nowe-1986...
Iidrive ezimbini zokuqala zii-floppy disks eziyi-5.25 intshi ezinee-levers ezitshixayo ezisebenzisana ne-ka-chunk eyanelisayo. Siza kuzichaza ngokweenkcukacha kamva; siza kuzikhupha. (Enyanisweni, kwafuneka ndizibuyisele ezi foto endaweni yazo; ingqokelela endala yemyuziyam yatshintshwa kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo.)
Olu luphononongo lwephaneli yonke engasemva. Kukho amakhadi amathathu kwisloti yekhadi yokwandisa ye-ISA, kwaye isloti engasetyenziswanga ayinasigqubuthelo, esele kudlule ixesha elide ukusukela ngoko.
Ungabona kwakhona uphawu oludala oluthi "Made in USA" ngaphezulu kwebheji yokuchonga imodeli. Zingaphi iidesktop onokuzitsho ngoku?
Emva koko kukho iiports eziqinileyo zee-peripherals ze-IBM. Ngokucacileyo, iport ye-cartridge ayisetyenziswa kakhulu, kuba uninzi lweenguqulelo ze-5150 ezithengiswayo ziquka i-floppy drive. (Nakuphi na ukukhankanywa kwetape eqhagamshelwe kwiPC kuya kundenza ndingcangcazele: Ndicinga nge-VIC-20 yam, umsebenzi wam waqala ngeentlobo zokuqala zokugcina iiPC, uninzi lwazo luvela kwii-tape drives ezifana ne-Exabyte, i-Iomega, kunye ne-Tandberg ngeminyaka yoo-1990. .)
Iswitshi yombane ephambili ikwiphaneli esekunene, kufutshane nomva. Ihamba nokucofa okuhle nokuthambileyo. Awusayi kufumana switshi enjalo yogunyaziso kwidesktop yakho, ngokuqinisekileyo. Mhlawumbi yi-fighter console.
Ngokuphathelele iiports eziseleyo zePC, zibekwe kwi-backplanes zamakhadi amaninzi okwandisa. Elo line-jack ye-RCA ngasekhohlo ngokucacileyo likhadi lemizobo; imonitha yohlobo lwe-5151 isebenzisana nesixhumi se-9-pin. Kodwa yintoni esekunene?
Ndimdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndikhumbule amakhadi e-SCSI kunye neeports ezihambelanayo, kwaye kubonakala ngathi zezokugqibela. Inye kuphela indlela yokufumana impendulo. (Ukuze ndifumanise ukuba bendiphosisa, yiyo leyo.)
Into enye ekufuneka icace: yonke into malunga ne-IBM PC yokuqala inzima. Igama eliphambili le-IBM lalikade laziwa ngegama lesiteketiso elithi "Big Iron", kodwa le khompyutha yedesktop ihambelana nelithi "Little Iron" (nangona ewe, ityala liyintsimbi). Lixinene kwaye linzima.
Isigqubuthelo siyinyani ngokukodwa. Sishenxise phambili ukuze usisuse; ungasibeki ngeenyawo zakho. Ndishiye le freyimu intle nekhazimlayo...
...Ngaphandle kwesekethe enkulu nethambileyo ye-dual floppy drive, ayibonakali ingaqhelekanga xa ithelekiswa neenkqubo zedesktop zanamhlanje.
Enyanisweni, ngombane, ilebhile engentla igugile ngakumbi, kodwa uyilo lwayo luqhelekile, kwaye kukho nesixhumi sombane esiphambili kunye... nesixhumi seMolex kwibhodi yomama! Ezi zisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje.
Ndifuna ukungena nzulu kwibhodi yomama, ngoko ke ezinye izinto kufuneka zisuswe. Tsala ikhadi lokwandisa kuqala, uze ulicinezele kwiphaneli engasemva ngezikrufu.
Le yeyokuqala, kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwi-floppy drive ngentambo yeribhoni. Leyo yikhadi lolawulo lwe-floppy drive. Ngelo xesha, uqhagamshelo oluninzi olusisiseko lwenkqubo bekufuneka longezwe ngamakhadi okwandisa...
Ungabona ukuba intambo yeribhoni yangaphakathi isaqhagamshelwe; ibotshelelwe kwiidiski ezimbini ze-floppy eziyi-5.25 intshi. Uphando olongezelelekileyo lubonisa ukuba le khadi yinguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yekhadi lolawulo. I-port yangaphandle yeyee-floppy drives zangaphandle; ayisiyo i-SCSI okanye i-port parallel.
Eli khadi lemizobo likhulu lide njengekhadi lemizobo lanamhlanje elikumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha salo silungisiwe ngeebhodi zentombi. Umthombo wale khadi uyimfihlakalo kwaye ufuna umsebenzi wesikolo. Eli asilokhadi le-MDA elisisiseko le-IBM. Ekuqaleni bendicinga ukuba lingaba luphuculo lwasemva kokuthengisa. Nangona kunjalo, le yingxaki ye-IBM. I-IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA), ibhodi yentombi lulwandiso lwememori yemizobo, kwaye ifakwe ubuso ngobuso nekhadi. (Ikhadi linomgangatho wememori yemizobo ye-64K.) Elingaphambili le-VGA, lingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imibala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-640 x 350. ubunewunewu!
Ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje, eli khadi ngokuqinisekileyo liyinyama engaqhelekanga. Kukho umaleko weplastiki ecacileyo ebhityileyo ngasemva kwekhadi lentombi ukuthintela ubungqingqwa obungaphezulu ekudibaneni nekhadi le-ISA elikufutshane kwaye mhlawumbi kubangele i-short circuit. Ibhloko ebomvu ("Grayhill") kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene kukho iseti yeeswitshi ze-DIP zokumisela ukusebenza kwekhadi ngokwemonitha oyisebenzisayo. (Siza kubona ezinye zezi zinto kamva.)
Loo nto ineetships ezininzi kunye nee-solder joints. Ngokwazi kwam, yenye yeekhadi ze-Intel ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"onboard" ISA memory expansion card. Le yindlela yokwandisa imemori yenkqubo ephambili, kudala ngaphambi kokuba ii-DIMM kunye nee-SO-DIMM ezisemgangathweni zePC zibonakale emehlweni abantu.
Le yibhodi yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuba ujonga ngokusondeleyo, iitships ezininzi (ubhubhane we-NEC memory module) zenziwa eJapan, kodwa ezinye zenziwa eMalaysia, eMexico, nase-El Salvador. Ezinye ezingenabo ubuzwe obucacileyo zinokwenziwa eMelika. Ayilokhadi le-ISA kangako njengengqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo.
Ngoko ke oku kusibuyisela kwibhodi yomama. Kodwa ukuze ususe ibhodi yesekethe kufuneka ususe enye yee-floppy drives, ezithintela ukufikelela kwenye yezikrufu eziyibophelela kwi-chassis. Ngoko ke, susa intambo yeribhoni uze ukhuphe isixhumi samandla sedrayivu esekhohlo...
Emva koko, khupha i-screwdriver, ukhulule izikrufu ezibini, kwaye i-drive iphume kwi-case njengaso nasiphi na isixhobo esihle se-intshi eziyi-5.25 ngaphambili...
Esi sisixhumi seMolex esiqhelekileyo esivumela idrayivu isebenze; ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-peripherals zisasetyenziswa kwiikhompyutha zobuqu nanamhlanje...
Ngoko ke, eso sikrufu sesitshixo sibonakala kwibhodi yomama! Izikrufu ezimbalwa ezikwiikona (iintloko eziqhelekileyo endaweni yeentloko zePhilips, nto leyo emangazayo) kulula ukuzisusa. Kodwa ibhodi yomama ikwabanjwe ziindawo ezithile zokudibanisa iplastiki embi kancinci, ezidlula kwimingxunya kwibhodi yomama. Kufuneka uzicinezele kancinci ngeminwe yakho okanye ngepliers, uze uzidlulise kwimingxunya yokufaka yebhodi yesekethe. Ingxaki kukuba ukhulula ezinye, zize ziphinde zivele xa usebenza kwezinye. Udinga izandla ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe ukuze uzicinezele ngaxeshanye!
Nangona kunjalo, isigulana sazikhulula zonke kwimizuzu eli-10, kwaye ibhodi yomama yaphuma ecaleni kwebhokisi...
Hayi indlela emangalisayo ngayo loo mbono! Ayingomntu ungaziwayo. Nangona kukho umahluko ocacileyo, le ayikude kakhulu kwiibhodi zee-motherboard zanamhlanje. Kwelinye icala, le yiphaneli yezibuko ze-I/O...
Ngoku, la mabhodi ebhodi okuqala e-PC awanayo i-BIOS njengoko sisazi. Ulungiselele i-hardware yakho ngee-switches ze-DIP waza wayisebenzisa kunye nencwadi yemiyalelo (kusenokubakho iifowuni ezifuna uncedo lobuchwepheshe okanye iqabane lakho le-geek)...
Ndikhumbule oku kwezinye ii-PC clones endandinazo kamva. (Ndisakhumbula ukuba ndandizithiyile.) Kukho amaqela amabini aba bantu baluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebhodini le-5150.
Kwakhona: imemori engaphezulu. Sele idityanisiwe apha. Siye sasuka kwixesha le-DIMM elixhaphakileyo. Ubuninzi bememori abukafikeleli kwinqanaba abalidingayo ukuze bafumane imemori eyaneleyo kwi-memory stick enobukhulu obungaka... ingasondeli kwaphela.
Esi sisixhumi esiphambili samandla sebhodi yomama. Ngaphambi kokuba nditsale ibhodi yomama, ndikhuphe intambo ephambili yombane. Yinto engaqhelekanga kwisixhumi esiqhelekileyo se-ATX 20+4 pin njengoko sisazi namhlanje, kodwa sisikhokho esicacileyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nayo nayiphi na ibhodi yamva nje, into enye ecacileyo ukuba ayikho yile: Iphi iCPU, isokhethi yeCPU, kunye nesinki yobushushu? Kaloku, oku kufuna uphononongo oluthile, kodwa ekugqibeleni siyifumene itshiphu...
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-10-2021