Iyi komputa yekare, yagara iripo kwenguva refu yave ichitarisira pasi PC Labs dzePCMag kwenguva yakareba kupfuura chero ani zvake muchikwata chedu anogona kuyeuka. Panyaya yayo yakakura ye40, takaichenesa... ndokuzoibvisa.
Kana uchida kugadzira bhaisikopo rinotaura nezvemakore makumi mana ekuzvarwa kweIBM PC (Nyamavhuvhu 12, 2021), ndichavhotera zita rekuti: Pachava neguruva. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti basa rangu nderekuvandudza maIBM PC ekare muPC lab yePCMag, kuitira kuti agone kudzoserwa pamazuva akakosha. Maiwe!
Kwemakumi emakore, maPC matatu eIBM ekuma1980, imwe neimwe ine monitor inoenderana, aichengeta maPC Labs uye aichengeta pamasherufu akakwirira. Mabasa emuseum akaramba achishandiswa, kutamiswa kwemahofisi kakawanda, uye masikurudhiraivha evaongorori vemidziyo yemagetsi vakawanda vane ruzivo. Ave aripo kwenguva yakareba zvekuti hapana ari muchikwata che2021 anogona kuyeuka kuti akapedzisira kuputswa riini, kupiswa guruva uye kushamisika. Kutaura zvazviri, hapana anotomboziva kuti ndeapi mamodheru.
Ndakapedza mazuva akawanda ndichiunganidza nekuparadzanisa PC, asi handisi chigadzirwa chechizvarwa chekutanga chemaPC. Kombiyuta yangu yekutanga, munenge muna 1984, yaive Commodore VIC-20 yakachipa. PaTV yenhema nechena, ndakaisa mapurogiramu eBASIC mumagazini yacho ndokuachengeta kudhiraivha yekaseti ine simba. (Ndagara ndichiitira shanje shamwari idzodzo dzine C64 ine simba uye dhisiki rayo rekunze.) Ndakarasikirwa neApple Mac LC desktop muna 1991, ndokuzotevera Mac clone (Pane anoyeuka UMAX SuperMacs here?), uye ipapo PC clone yangu yekutanga...Handina kumbotarisa kumashure.
Kureva kuti: Ndakarasikirwa nematambudziko ekukura kweIBM PC mumakore gumi ekutanga kana kupfuura. Sei ndisingafambidzani nenguva yakarasika muna 2021?
Ndakaburitsa maPC matatu eIBM ePC Labs kubva mudura. Mushure memaminitsi mashanu ekutsvaga, kutsvaga nekukurudzira paGoogle, ndakaona kuti maviri emaPC acho aive IBM PC XT, modhi yechizvarwa chechipiri. (Bheji diki rekuti "XT" riri pamberi rinofanira kunge riri chipo chisina basa.) Vakadzokera kusherufu. Tichachengeta zvigadzirwa izvi zviviri kwemakore makumi mana ePC XT munaKurume 2023. Asi chimwe chazvo iIBM PC Model 5150 - zita remhuri yeIBM PC yekutanga. (Hurray!) Asi raive hafu yemarara mukati nekunze. (Shh!)
Kare kare, PC Labs ingangodaro yakaita mutambo werave muModel 5150 yayo yekare pamhemberero yemakore makumi maviri kana makumi maviri nemashanu eIBM PC. Imwe yemadhiraivha efloppy yakabviswa ndokuiswa parutivi, ingave isiri yekutanga. Vamwe vanhu vakangwara vakaisa HD-DVD drive muhafu ye5.25-inch drive bay ine urefu hwakapetwa kaviri. (Unoyeuka here HD-DVD? Pamwe haufanirwe kuita izvi.) Imwe hafu ine hard drive yekare, yakasviba ye5.25-inch Seagate iri mukati, ichitsvedza zvisina kusimba.
Bvisa chivharo, mukati me5150 makaita semagumisiro epati yehama. Tsvina yebrown yatora nzvimbo patambo dzeribhoni... neimwe nzira ichiri kunamira. Coca-Cola yabuda here? (Tichifunga nezvezera, pamwe iNew Coke.) Asidhi yebhatiri? Hazvina mhosva kuti chii, mawipe edoro anogona kuigadzirisa. (Um.)
Goko rakareruka: kadhi rekubatanidza reSeagate hard drive. Zvinoreva shanduko yakareruka yakaita seyakareruka. Bvisa izvozvo. Hazvisiwo chiratidzo chakanaka.
Tine imwe chete IBM PC Model 5150 inoshandiswa zvakanaka uye inowanzo shandiswa zvisina kunaka. Barcode yekambani kubva kuZiff-Davis (kambani yakaberekerwa nePCMag kwemakore mazhinji) inoratidza kuti iyi yaimbova pfuma yeIT, simba guru rekugadzirisa kwenguva refu. Imwe PCMagger ine ruzivo rwakakura yakaichengetedza kubva mudura remarara kuti ishandiswe mune ramangwana.
Kuongororwa kwakaitwa kwakatenderedza motherboard, uye izvi zvakawanikwa pamucheto mumwe chete: "64KB-256KB CPU." Izvi zvakaratidza kuti modhi ye5150 yaive yakagadziriswazve gare gare. Asi, IBM PC yedu haisi iyo "yepakutanga" yekutanga, iyo OG 1981 PC. Yakazounganidzwa makore mashoma gare gare.
Fungidziro yakanakisisa: 1984. Chiratidzo chejira chakanamirwa mukati memono speaker chinoratidza kuti speaker yakagadzirwa kana kuti yakagadzirwa munaGunyana 1984, pamwe muFlorida. Hazvisi pachena kuti speaker ndeipi.
Dambudziko nderekuti "yekutanga" IBM PC yakatanga muna 1981 yainzi Model 5150, asi 5150 yakazogadziriswazve. Yaive iri kugadzirwa kwema1980s akawanda, yakagadziriswa uye yakagadziridzwa, uye yakatengeswa pamwe chete nemamodheru akazotevera, akadai seshanduro huru inotevera, IBM PC XT. Mugadziri wedu werabhoritari haasi munhu wekare, asi ane chimiro chakafanana uye ushingi hwakafanana.
Hatina kiyibhodhi yeIBM, uye madhisiki eDOS floppy akarasika kwemakore mazhinji, saka tinogona kuita zvinhu zvishoma nemaPC. Kuibatanidza nemonitor (zvimwe zvichaitika gare gare) uye kuitanga kunongokonzera kurira kwehasha. Asi taida kutora vhidhiyo yesystem iyi kuti tiwedzere kuburitswa kwePCMag kweongororo yekutanga yeIBM PC muna 1981. Unogona kuiona mu link uye kutarisa magazini yekutanga paGoogle Books (tisingatauri nezvemubvunzo wedu wekumashure).
Saka panguva yekutora mifananidzo, ndakaita zvaiitwa nembwa yemidziyo inozviremekedza: kuiputsa! Mutori wemifananidzo wedu ane murwere Molly Flores (Molly Flores) akamira kuti atore mifananidzo. Takaita 2021 PCMag studio processing pamaPC pakati pemakore ekuma1980. Zvinoita sezvisina kunaka kutambisa mifananidzo iyi yese yakanaka, saka uyai mutishanyire.
Zvakare, handisi mwana wepakutanga kwePC revolution pakati pemakore ekuma80, saka ongororo yangu pano ichave inonakidza zvishoma, uye ichatevera ndangariro dzakanaka dzeaimbove mupepeti mukuru Michael Miller mune dzimwe nzvimbo, akadaro pachake. Saka, ndapota ndibatei zvakanaka uye siyai ndangariro dzenyu mumashoko ari pazasi pechinyorwa!
Kutanga, pane mifananidzo inonakidza ye5150 yekare. Molly anoita kuti iratidzike zvakanaka kupfuura zvainotaridzika. Ini ndinoshandisa sipo isina kusimba nematauro ekukwesha chassis, ndinowedzera mawipes edoro kubvisa tsvina yakaoma, uye ndinoshandisa mhepo yemumagaba kuchenesa tsuro dzine guruva dziri mukati. Akakwesha dzasara muPhotoshop.
Ndiyo monitor yeIBM 5151 iri pamusoro pebhokisi. Iyi iCRT ine monochrome chaiyo ine resolution yakanaka kwazvo...mavara makumi masere, mitsara makumi maviri nemashanu. (Ndokumbirawo muone kuti aya mavara, kwete mapikiseti.) IBM's Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA), kadhi revhidhiyo rekutanga, raigona kunge rakabatidza panel, kunyangwe takashamisika patakatanga kuvhura bhokisi. (Zvichatsanangurwa zvakadzama gare gare.)
...Hapana zvimwe zvinodzora pa display, kunyangwe switch ye on/off. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti monitor inobairirwa zvakananga kumashure kwePC case kuburikidza netambo mbiri dzakaomarara...
...Rimwe remagetsi uye rimwe rechiratidzo chevhidhiyo. (Tichavhara makadhi aya, maports, uye masoketi gare gare.) Kuisa simba paPC desktop kuchaisawo simba pamonitor.
Saka pano tine chassis yekunze yemhando ye5150, yakachena kupfuura kubvira muna 1986...
Madhiraivha maviri ekutanga i5.25 inch floppy disks ane makiyi anokiya anobata neka-chunk inogutsa. Tichaazivisa zvakadzama gare gare; tichaaburitsa. (Zvechokwadi, ndaifanira kudzosera mapikicha aya panzvimbo yawo; muunganidzwa wekare wemuseum wakatsiviwa makumi emakore apfuura.)
Uku kuongorora kwese kumashure kwepaneru. Kune makadhi matatu muchikamu chekuwedzera cheISA makadhi, uye chikamu chisina kushandiswa hachina chifukidziro, izvo zvave nenguva yakareba kubvira ipapo.
Unogona zvakare kuona chiratidzo chekare chekuti "Made in USA" pamusoro pebheji rekuti modhi identification. Ungati ma desktop mangani izvozvi?
Uyezve kune maports ane waya dzakaoma ekushandisa ma IBM peripherals. Zviri pachena kuti cartridge port hainyanyo shandiswa, nekuti mavhezheni mazhinji e5150 anotengeswa ane floppy drive. (Chero kutaurwa kwetepi yakabatana nePC kunondiita kuti ndidedere: Ndichifunga nezveVIC-20 yangu, basa rangu rakatanga nemhando dzekare dzekuchengetera maPC, mazhinji acho aibva kuma tape drives akaita seExabyte, Iomega, naTandberg kuma1990. .)
Switch huru yemagetsi iri kurudyi, pedyo nekumashure. Inoperekedzwa nekudzvanya kwakanaka uye kwakasimba. Hauzowani switch yakadaro yekutonga padesktop yako zvakare, ndizvozvo. Pamwe i console yekurwa.
Kana dziri dzimwe nzvimbo dzePC dzasara, dziri pamashure pemakadhi akawanda ekuwedzera. Iro rine RCA jack kuruboshwe zviri pachena kuti igrafiki kadhi; monitor yerudzi rwe5151 inobata ne 9-pin connector. Asi chii chiri kurudyi?
Ndakura zvekukwanisa kurangarira makadhi eSCSI nemapato akafanana, uye zvinoita seizvi. Pane nzira imwe chete yekuziva. (Kuti ndizive kuti ndakanganisa, ndizvozvo chete.)
Pane chinhu chimwe chete chinofanira kujeka: zvese nezve IBM PC yekutanga zvinorema. Zita guru re IBM raimbozivikanwa nezita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Big Iron", asi iyi komputa yedesktop inokodzera chimiro che "Little Iron" (kunyangwe hongu, bhokisi racho riri resimbi). Rakakora uye rinorema.
Chifukidziro chacho ndechechokwadi. Chiise mberi kuti ubvise; usachiise patsoka dzako. Ndakasiya furemu iyi inopenya isina chinhu...
...Kunze kwekunge ine ma "circuit" makuru uye akapfava e "dual floppy drive", haina kutaridzika seisina kujairika kana tichienzanisa nema "desktop systems" anhasi.
Zvechokwadi, nemagetsi aripo, label iri pamusoro yakasakara zvakanyanya, asi marongerwo ayo anozivikanwa, uye pane chinongedzo chikuru chemagetsi uye... chinongedzo cheMolex kubhodhi reamai! Izvi zvichiri kushandiswa nanhasi.
Ndinoda kudzika mubhodhi reamai, saka zvimwe zvikamu zvinofanira kutamiswa. Bvisa kadhi rekuwedzera kutanga, woridzvanya pabhodhi rekumashure uchishandisa masikuruu.
Iyi ndiyo yekutanga, uye yakabatana nefloppy drive kuburikidza netambo yeribhoni. Ndiyo kadhi rekutonga floppy drive. Panguva iyoyo, kubatanidza kwakawanda kwemasisitimu kwaifanira kuwedzerwa kuburikidza nemakadhi ekuwedzera...
Unogona kuona kuti tambo yeribhoni yemukati ichiri kubatanidzwa; yakasungirirwa nechain kune ma floppy disks maviri e5.25-inch. Ongororo yakawedzerwa inoratidza kuti kadhi iri ishanduro yakagadziridzwa yekadhi rekutonga. Chiteshi chekunze ndeche external floppy drives; haisi SCSI kana parallel port.
Kadhi iri hombe remifananidzo rakareba semakadhi emazuva ano emhando yepamusoro, uye anopfuura hafu aro akagadzirwa nemabhodhi emwanasikana. Kwakabva kadhi iri kwakavanzika zvishoma uye kunoda basa rechikoro. Iri harisi kadhi reIBM reMDA. Pakutanga ndaifunga kuti ringave kuvandudzwa mushure mekutengesa. Zvisinei, iri idambudziko reIBM. IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA), bhodhi remwanasikana ikuwedzera kwememori yemifananidzo, uye yakaiswa chiso nechiso nekadhi. (Kadhi iri rine chiyero chememori yemifananidzo ye64K.) Yakatangira VGA, inogona kushandiswa pakuburitsa mavara anosvika 640 x 350. hupfumi!
Nezviyero zvemazuva ano, kadhi iri harina kujairika. Kune jira repurasitiki rakatetepa rinoonekera kumashure kwekadhi remwanasikana kudzivirira ukobvu hwakawedzerwa kuti husabatane nekadhi reISA riri pedyo uye zvichida kukonzera short circuit. Bhokisi dzvuku ("Grayhill") riri mukona yepamusoro yekurudyi kune seti yeDIP switches yekugadzirisa mashandiro ekadhi zvichienderana nemonitor yauri kushandisa. (Tichaona zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi gare gare.)
Izvi zvine machipisi akawanda uye majoini e solder. Sekuziva kwangu, ndeimwe yemakadhi eIntel anonzi "onboard" ISA memory expansion. Aya ndiwo maitiro aunokudza main system memory, kare kare maPC standard DIMM neSO-DIMM asati aonekwa mumaziso emunhu.
Iri ibhodhi repasi rose. Kana ukanyatsoongorora, machipisi mazhinji (chirwere cheNEC memory module denda) anogadzirwa muJapan, asi mamwe anogadzirwa muMalaysia, Mexico, neEl Salvador. Vamwe vasina hugari hwakajeka vanogonawo kugadzirwa muUnited States. Harisi kadhi reISA asi musangano weUnited Nations.
Saka izvi zvinotidzosera kubhodhi reamai. Asi kuti ubvise bhodhi remaseru unofanira kubvisa rimwe remadhiraivha edhiraivha, iro rinotadzisa kupinda kune rimwe remasikuruu anorisunga ku chassis. Saka, bvisa tambo yeribhoni wobvisa chinongedzo chemagetsi chedhiraivha rekuruboshwe...
Wobva wabvisa sikurudhiraivha, bvisa sikurudhiraivha mbiri, uye dhiraivha inobva yabuda mubhokisi sezvinongoita mudziyo we5.25-inch wati wamboshandisa...
Uyu ndiwo Molex connector inozivikanwa iyo inosimbisa drive; mamwe ma peripherals achiri kushandiswa mumakombiyuta ega nanhasi...
Saka, sikuruu iyoyo inoonekwa pabhodhi reamai! Sikuruu shoma dziri mumakona (misoro yakajairika panzvimbo pemisoro yePhilips, izvo zvinoshamisa) dziri nyore kubvisa. Asi bhodhi reamai rinobatwawo nenzvimbo nematanda ekubatanidza epurasitiki akaipa zvishoma, ayo anopfuura nemaburi ari mubhodhi reamai. Unofanira kuadzvanya zvinyoro nyoro neminwe yako kana pliers, wobva waapfuura nemaburi ekuisa ebhodhi remadunhu. Dambudziko nderekuti unosunungura mamwe, uye anobva aonekwazve paunoshanda pane mamwe. Unoda maoko matanhatu kana manomwe kuti uadzvanye panguva imwe chete!
Zvisinei, murwere akaasunungura ese mumaminitsi angangoita gumi, uye motherboard yakatsvedza kubva parutivi rwebhokisi...
Chiono chinoshamisa! Hazvisi zvekushamisira. Kunyangwe paine misiyano iri pachena, iyi haisi kure nemamabhodhi emazuva ano emamaibhodhi. Kune rumwe rutivi, iyi ndiyo panel yese yeI/O port...
Zvino, maPC motherboards aya ekutanga haana BIOS sezvatinoziva. Wakagadzirisa hardware yako neDIP switches uye wakashandisa pamwe nebhuku rekushandisa (panogona kunge paine kufona kwakaoma kune technical support kana kune mumwe wako we geek)...
Ndakayeuka izvi kubva kune mamwe maPC clones andaiva nawo gare gare. (Ndichiri kuyeuka kuti ndaivenga.) Kune mapoka maviri evanhu ava vane blue blue bad man pabhodhi re5150.
Zvakare zvirimo: ndangariro yakawanda. Yakatobatanidzwa pano. Tabva munguva yeDIMM yaishandiswa nevanhu vakawanda. Kuwanda kwendangariro hakusati kwasvika padanho ravanoda kuti vawane ndangariro yakakwana pamemory stick yehukuru hwakadai...kwete padyo.
Iyi ndiyo power connector huru yemotherboard. Ndisati ndaboodha motherboard, ndakabvisa main lead yemagetsi. Chinhu chisiri cheATX 20+4 pin connector yatinoiziva nhasi, asi ichokwadi kuti ndiyo tateguru.
Zvichienzaniswa nechero motherboard yazvino, chimwe chinhu chiri kushaikwa pachena ndechekuti: CPU, socket yeCPU, uye heat sink zviri kupi? Izvi zvinoda kuongororwa, asi pakupedzisira takawana chip...
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-10-2021