Kompyuta yakale iyi, yodziwika bwino kwa nthawi yayitali, yakhala ikunyoza ma PC Labs a PCMag kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe aliyense m'gulu lathu angakumbukire. Chifukwa cha 40 yake yayikulu, tinaiyeretsa ... kenako tinaichotsa.
Ngati mukufuna kupanga filimu yokhudza chikumbutso cha zaka 40 cha kubadwa kwa IBM PC (Ogasiti 12, 2021), ndidzavotera mutu wakuti: Padzakhala fumbi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ntchito yanga ndi kukonza ma PC akale a IBM mu labu ya PC ya PCMag, kuti athe kubwezeretsedwanso masiku ofunikira. Pepani!
Kwa zaka zambiri, ma PC atatu a IBM kuyambira m'ma 1980, aliwonse okhala ndi chowunikira chofananira, anali ndi ma PC Labs ndikusunga pamashelefu apamwamba. Ntchito za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zapulumuka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, kusamutsidwa kwa maofesi kangapo, ndi ma screwdriver a akatswiri ambiri ofufuza za zida. Zakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali kotero kuti palibe aliyense m'gulu la 2021 amene angakumbukire nthawi yomaliza yomwe adagwetsedwa, kupakidwa fumbi komanso kudabwa. Ndipotu, palibe amene akutsimikiza kuti ndi mtundu wanji.
Ndinakhala masiku ambiri ndikusonkhanitsa ndikuchotsa PC, koma sindine chinthu chochokera ku m'badwo woyamba wa ma PC. Kompyuta yanga yoyamba, cha m'ma 1984, inali Commodore VIC-20 yotsika mtengo. Pa TV yakuda ndi yoyera, ndinalemba mapulogalamu a BASIC mu magaziniyo ndikusunga ku drive yovuta ya kaseti. (Nthawi zonse ndakhala ndikuchitira nsanje anzanga omwe ali ndi C64 yamphamvu kwambiri komanso disk yake yakunja.) Ndinataya ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha kompyuta ya Apple Mac LC mu 1991, kenako Mac clone (Kodi pali amene akukumbukira UMAX SuperMacs?), kenako PC clone yanga yoyamba... sindinayang'anenso m'mbuyo.
Ndiko kuti: Ndinaphonya mavuto omwe IBM PC inkakumana nawo m'zaka 10 zoyambirira kapena kuposerapo. Bwanji osapitiriza ndi nthawi yomwe inatayika mu 2021?
Ndinatulutsa ma PC atatu a IBM a PC Labs m'malo osungira. Pambuyo pa mphindi pafupifupi zisanu ndikufufuza, kufufuza ndi kusangalatsa pa Google, ndinapeza kuti ma PC awiri anali IBM PC XT, chitsanzo cha m'badwo wachiwiri. (Baji yaying'ono ya "XT" yomwe ili patsogolo iyenera kukhala mphatso yakufa.) Anabwerera ku shelufu. Tidzasunga zinthu ziwirizi pa chikondwerero cha zaka 40 cha PC XT mu Marichi 2023. Koma chimodzi mwa izo ndi IBM PC Model 5150 - dzina la banja la IBM PC yoyamba. (Hey!) Koma chinali theka la zinyalala mkati ndi kunja. (Shh!)
Kale kwambiri, PC Labs mwina inachita phwando la rave mu Model 5150 yake yokumbukira zaka 20 kapena 25 za IBM PC. Limodzi mwa ma floppy drive lachotsedwa ndipo layikidwa pambali, mwina silinali loyambirira. Anthu ena anzeru anaika HD-DVD drive mu theka la double-urefu 5.25-inch drive bay. (Mukukumbukira HD-DVD? Mwina simuyenera kuchita izi.) Theka lina lili ndi Seagate hard drive yakale, yodetsedwa ya mainchesi 5.25 yokhala mkati, ikutsetsereka mosasamala.
Chotsani chivindikirocho, mkati mwa 5150 muli ngati zotsatira za phwando la abale. Utsi wofiirira walowa m'malo mwa zingwe zina za riboni... mwanjira ina ukadali womata. Kodi Coca-Cola yatuluka? (Poganizira zaka, mwina ndi New Coke.) Asidi wa batri? Kaya ndi chiyani, zopukutira mowa zimatha kuthetsa vutoli. (Um.)
Chipolopolo chosasunthika: khadi lolumikizira la hard drive ya Seagate. Kwenikweni limatanthauza kusintha kosasunthika ngati kosasunthika. Chotsani zimenezo. Si chizindikiro chabwinonso.
Tili ndi IBM PC Model 5150 imodzi yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Barcode ya kampaniyi yochokera ku Ziff-Davis (kampani yayikulu ya PCMag kwa zaka zambiri) ikusonyeza kuti iyi inali kampani ya IT, mphamvu yayikulu yosinthira kwa nthawi yayitali. PCMagger wina wodziwa bwino ntchito wayisunga kuchokera mu mulu wa zinyalala kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.
Kufufuza kwina kunachitika mozungulira bolodi la amayi, ndipo kachidutswa aka kanapezeka m'mbali imodzi: "64KB-256KB CPU." Izi zinasonyeza kuti chitsanzo cha 5150 chinali chosinthidwa pambuyo pake. Tsoka ilo, IBM PC yathu si "yoyambirira" yoyambirira, PC ya OG 1981. Inakonzedwa patapita zaka zingapo.
Kuganiza bwino: 1984. Chizindikiro cha nsalu chomwe chili mkati mwa sipika imodzi chikusonyeza kuti sipikayo inapangidwa kapena kukonzedwa mu Seputembala 1984, mwina ku Florida. Sizikudziwika bwino kuti chizindikirocho ndi chiti.
Vuto ndilakuti PC "yoyambirira" ya IBM yomwe idayamba mu 1981 idatchedwa Model 5150, koma 5150 idasinthidwa pambuyo pake. Inali kupangidwa kwa zaka zambiri za m'ma 1980, idasinthidwa ndikukonzedwanso, ndipo idagulitsidwa limodzi ndi mitundu ina yamtsogolo, monga mtundu wotsatira waukulu, IBM PC XT. Wopulumuka wathu wa labotale si munthu wakale, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana komanso mtima womwewo.
Tilibe kiyibodi ya IBM pafupi, ndipo ma DOS floppy disks akhala akutayika kwa zaka zambiri, kotero tikhoza kuchita zinthu zochepa kwambiri ndi ma PC. Kuilumikiza ku monitor (zambiri pambuyo pake) ndikuyiyambitsa kudzangoyambitsa kulira koopsa. Koma tinkafuna kujambula dongosololi kuti tiwonjezere kusindikizanso kwa PCMag kwa ndemanga yoyambirira ya IBM PC mu 1981. Mutha kuiwona mu ulalo ndikusakatula magazini yoyambirira pa Google Books (osatchulanso funso lathu lakumbuyo).
Kotero pamene ndinali kujambula zithunzi, ndinachita zomwe galu aliyense wodzilemekeza angachite: kuzigwetsa! Wojambula zithunzi wathu wodwala Molly Flores (Molly Flores) anaima pafupi kuti ajambule zithunzi. Tinachita 2021 PCMag studio processing pa ma PC pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980. Zikuoneka kuti n'zomvetsa chisoni kutaya zithunzi zokongola zonsezi, choncho bwerani mudzatichezere.
Ndiponso, sindili mwana wa kusintha koyambirira kwa makompyuta pakati pa zaka za m'ma 80, kotero kusanthula kwanga apa kudzakhala kodabwitsa pang'ono, ndipo kudzatsatira zokumbukira zabwino za mkonzi wamkulu wakale Michael Miller m'malo ena, adatero yekha. Chifukwa chake, chonde ndichitireni zabwino ndikusiya zokumbukira zanu mu ndemanga zomwe zili pansi pa nkhaniyi!
Choyamba ndi zithunzi zosangalatsa za galimoto yakale ya 5150. Molly amaipangitsa kuti iwoneke yokongola kwambiri kuposa momwe imaonekera. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito sopo wofewa ndi matawulo kutsuka chassis, kuwonjezera zopukutira mowa kuti ndichotse dothi lolimba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wozizira m'zitini kuyeretsa akalulu afumbi omwe ali mkati. Anapukuta zotsalazo mu Photoshop.
Imeneyo ndi chowunikira cha IBM 5151 pamwamba pa chikwamacho. Iyi ndi CRT ya monochrome yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri...zilembo 80, mizere 25. (Chonde dziwani kuti izi ndi zilembo, osati ma pixel.) Chojambulira cha Monochrome Display (MDA) cha IBM, khadi la kanema loyambirira, chikanatha kuyendetsa gululo, ngakhale kuti tinadabwa titatsegula chikwamacho. (Zidzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake.)
...Palibe zowongolera zina pa chiwonetsero, ngakhale switch yoyatsa/yozimitsa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chowunikiracho chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji kumbuyo kwa chikwama cha PC kudzera mu zingwe ziwiri zolimba ...
...Limodzi la magetsi ndi lina la chizindikiro cha kanema. (Tidzakambirana za makadi awa, ma port, ndi sockets pambuyo pake.) Kuyika mphamvu pa kompyuta kudzathandizanso kuyang'anira chowunikira.
Kotero apa tili ndi chassis yakunja yamtundu wa 5150, yomwe ndi yoyera kuposa kuyambira cha m'ma 1986...
Ma drive awiri oyamba ndi ma floppy disk a mainchesi 5.25 okhala ndi ma lever otsekera omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ka-chunk yokwanira. Tidzawawonetsa mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake; tidzawatulutsa. (Zoonadi, ndinayenera kuyikanso zithunzi izi pamalo pake; zosonkhanitsa zakale za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zinasinthidwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.)
Iyi ndi ndemanga ya gulu lonse lakumbuyo. Pali makadi atatu mu malo owonjezera a ISA card, ndipo malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito alibe chivundikiro, chomwe chakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali kuyambira pamenepo.
Muthanso kuwona chizindikiro chakale cha "Made in USA" pamwamba pa baji yodziwitsira mtundu. Kodi munganene kuti ndi ma desktop angati tsopano?
Kenako pali madoko olumikizidwa ndi waya wolimba a zida za IBM. Mwachionekere, doko la cartridge siligwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya 5150 yogulitsidwa imakhala ndi floppy drive. (Kutchula tepi yolumikizidwa ku PC kungandipangitse kunjenjemera: Ndikaganizira za VIC-20 yanga, ntchito yanga inayamba ndi mitundu yoyambirira yosungira ma PC, yomwe yambiri idachokera ku ma tape drive monga Exabyte, Iomega, ndi Tandberg m'zaka za m'ma 1990. .)
Chosinthira magetsi chachikulu chili kumanja, pafupi ndi kumbuyo. Chimayendera limodzi ndi kudina kokongola komanso kofewa. Simudzapezanso chosinthira chotere pa kompyuta yanu, ndithudi. Mwina ndi chosinthira chankhondo.
Ponena za madoko otsala a PC, ali kumbuyo kwa makadi angapo owonjezera. Limene lili ndi jack ya RCA kumanzere mwachionekere ndi khadi la zithunzi; chowunikira cha 5151-type chimagwira ntchito ndi cholumikizira cha 9-pin. Koma kodi kumanja kuli chiyani?
Ndili wamkulu mokwanira kukumbukira makadi a SCSI ndi ma ports ofanana, ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zomaliza. Pali njira imodzi yokha yodziwira. (Kuti mudziwe kuti ndinali wolakwika, ndizo zonse.)
Chinthu chimodzi chiyenera kumveka bwino: chilichonse chokhudza IBM PC yoyambirira ndi cholemera. Kalata yayikulu ya IBM kale inkadziwika ndi dzina loti "Big Iron", koma kompyuta iyi ya pakompyuta ikugwirizana ndi "Little Iron" (ngakhale inde, chikwama chake ndi chachitsulo). Ndi cholemera komanso cholemera.
Chivundikirocho ndi chenicheni. Chiyendetseni patsogolo kuti muchichotse; musachiyike pamapazi anu. Ndasiya chimango chokongola ichi chamaliseche...
...Kupatulapo ma circuitry akuluakulu komanso osavuta a dual floppy drive, sichikuwoneka chachilendo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makompyuta amakono.
Zoonadi, ndi magetsi, chizindikiro chomwe chili pamwamba chimatha kwambiri, koma kapangidwe kake ndi kodziwika bwino, ndipo pali cholumikizira chamagetsi chachikulu ndi... cholumikizira cha Molex ku bolodi la amayi! Izi zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano.
Ndikufuna kulowa mozama mu bolodi la amayi, kotero zigawo zina ziyenera kusunthidwa. Choyamba tulutsani khadi lokulitsa, ndikulikanikiza kumbuyo kwa bolodi pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira.
Iyi ndi yoyamba, ndipo yalumikizidwa ku floppy drive kudzera mu chingwe cha riboni. Imeneyo ndi khadi lowongolera floppy drive. Panthawiyo, maulumikizidwe ambiri oyambira a dongosolo adayenera kuwonjezedwa kudzera mu makadi okulitsa...
Mukuwona kuti chingwe chamkati cha riboni chikadali cholumikizidwa; chimalumikizidwa ndi unyolo wa daisy ku ma floppy disk awiri a mainchesi 5.25. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti khadi iyi ndi mtundu watsopano wa khadi lowongolera. Doko lakunja ndi la ma floppy drive akunja; si SCSI kapena doko lofanana.
Khadi lalikulu la zithunzi ili ndi lalitali ngati makadi amakono apamwamba, ndipo oposa theka la iwo amakonzedwa ndi ma board a ana aakazi. Komwe khadi ili limachokera ndi chinsinsi pang'ono ndipo limafuna homuweki. Iyi si khadi loyambira la MDA la IBM. Poyamba ndimaganiza kuti ikhoza kukhala kukweza pambuyo pa malonda. Komabe, ili ndi vuto la IBM. Adapter ya IBM Enhanced Graphics (EGA), bolodi la ana aakazi ndi chowonjezera cha kukumbukira zithunzi, ndipo chimayikidwa maso ndi maso ndi khadi. (Khadi ili ndi muyezo wa kukumbukira zithunzi wa 64K.) Choyambirira cha VGA, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa mitundu mpaka 640 x 350. zapamwamba!
Malinga ndi miyezo yamakono, khadi ili ndi lodabwitsa kwambiri. Pali pulasitiki yopyapyala yowonekera kumbuyo kwa khadi la mwana wamkazi kuti makulidwe owonjezera asakhudze khadi la ISA lomwe lili pafupi ndipo mwina lingayambitse kufupika kwa magetsi. Chipika chofiira ("Grayhill") pakona yakumanja chakumtunda pali ma switch a DIP okonzera momwe khadi limagwirira ntchito malinga ndi chowunikira chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. (Tidzaona zina mwa izi mtsogolo.)
Ndi ma chips ndi solder joints ambiri. Monga momwe ndikudziwira, ndi imodzi mwa makadi a Intel otchedwa "onboard" ISA memory expansion. Umu ndi momwe mumakulitsira main system memory, kale kwambiri PC standard DIMMs ndi SO-DIMMs zisanawonekere m'maso mwa aliyense.
Ili ndi bolodi lapadziko lonse lapansi. Mukayang'anitsitsa, ma chip ambiri (mliri wa NEC memory module) amapangidwa ku Japan, koma ena amapangidwa ku Malaysia, Mexico, ndi El Salvador. Ena omwe alibe nzika yomveka bwino angapangidwenso ku United States. Si khadi la ISA kwenikweni koma msonkhano wa United Nations.
Izi zikutibwezera ku bolodi la amayi. Koma kuti muchotse bolodi la mawaya muyenera kuchotsa imodzi mwa ma floppy drive, yomwe imalepheretsa kulowa mu imodzi mwa zomangira zomwe zimailumikiza ku chassis. Chifukwa chake, chotsani chingwe cha riboni ndikuchotsa cholumikizira chamagetsi cha drive yakumanzere kwambiri...
Kenako, tulutsani screwdriver, masulani zomangira ziwirizo, ndipo choyendetseracho chidzatuluka m'chikwamacho monga momwe chida chilichonse chabwino cha mainchesi 5.25 chinkachitira kale...
Ichi ndi cholumikizira chodziwika bwino cha Molex chomwe chimayatsa drive; zida zina zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'makompyuta aumwini masiku ano...
Kotero, screw ya makiyiyo imaonekera pa bolodi la amayi! Zomangira zochepa zomwe zili m'makona (mitu yachibadwa m'malo mwa mitu ya Philips, zomwe zimadabwitsa) n'zosavuta kuchotsa. Koma bolodi la amayi limagwiridwanso ntchito ndi nsanamira zina zolumikizira zapulasitiki zoyipa pang'ono, zomwe zimadutsa m'mabowo a bolodi la amayi. Muyenera kuzifinya pang'onopang'ono ndi zala zanu kapena zopukutira, kenako kuzidutsa m'mabowo omangirira a bolodi la amayi. Vuto ndilakuti mumamasula zina, kenako zimaonekeranso mukagwira ntchito zina. Mukufunika manja asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri kuti muzizifinye nthawi imodzi!
Komabe, wodwala wina anazitulutsa zonse patatha mphindi 10, ndipo bolodi la amayi linatuluka m'mbali mwa chikwamacho...
Ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri! Si zachilendo. Ngakhale pali kusiyana koonekeratu, izi sizili kutali kwambiri ndi ma motherboard amakono. Kumbali imodzi, iyi ndi gulu lonse la I/O port...
Tsopano, ma PC motherboard akale awa alibe BIOS monga momwe timadziwira. Munakonza hardware yanu ndi ma DIP switches ndipo munagwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi buku la malangizo (pakhoza kukhala kuyitana kofunikira kwa chithandizo chaukadaulo kapena mnzanu waluso)...
Ndinakumbukira izi kuchokera ku ma PC ena omwe ndinali nawo pambuyo pake. (Ndikukumbukirabe kuti ndinkawada.) Pali magulu awiri a anthu oipa abuluu opepuka pa bolodi la 5150.
Komanso pali: kukumbukira kochulukirapo. Kwalumikizidwa kale pano. Tachoka ku nthawi ya DIMM yomwe inali yofala kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira sikunafike pamlingo womwe amafunikira kuti apeze kukumbukira kokwanira pa memory stick ya kukula kotereku...osati pafupi kwenikweni.
Ichi ndi cholumikizira chachikulu cha magetsi cha bolodi la amayi. Ndisanagunde bolodi la amayi, ndinadula chingwe chachikulu cha magetsi. Ndi chinthu chachilendo ku cholumikizira cha ATX 20+4 pin chomwe timachidziwa masiku ano, koma ndi kholo lodziwikiratu.
Poyerekeza ndi bolodi la amayi laposachedwa, chinthu chimodzi chomwe chikusoweka ndi ichi: Kodi CPU, soketi ya CPU, ndi sinki yotenthetsera zili kuti? Chabwino, izi zimafuna kufufuza pang'ono, koma potsiriza tapeza chip...
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-10-2021