Lub PC qub no, uas tau tsim ntev los lawm, tau saib tsis taus PCMag's PC Labs ntev dua li leej twg hauv peb pab neeg nco qab. Rau nws lub xyoo 40 loj, peb tau ntxuav nws ... thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws rhuav tshem.
Yog tias koj xav ua yeeb yaj kiab txog hnub tseem ceeb 40 xyoo ntawm kev yug los ntawm IBM PC (Lub Yim Hli 12, 2021), kuv yuav pov npav rau lub npe: Yuav muaj hmoov av. Qhov ntawd yog vim kuv txoj haujlwm yog txhim kho cov IBM PCs qub hauv PC lab ntawm PCMag, kom lawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab rau hnub tseem ceeb. Auj!
Tau ntau xyoo lawm, peb lub IBM PCs los ntawm xyoo 1980s, txhua lub muaj lub monitor sib phim, tau tuav PC Labs thiab khaws cia rau ntawm cov txee siab. Cov haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau dim ntawm kev siv tiag tiag, ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsiv chaw, thiab cov screwdrivers ntawm ntau tus kws tshuaj xyuas kho vajtse. Lawv tau nyob ib puag ncig ntev heev uas tsis muaj leej twg hauv pab pawg 2021 tuaj yeem nco qab thaum twg lawv tau raug rhuav tshem, plua plav thiab xav tsis thoob. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj leej twg paub tseeb tias lawv yog hom twg.
Kuv siv sijhawm ntau hnub los sib dhos thiab rhuav lub PC, tab sis kuv tsis yog cov khoom ntawm thawj tiam PCs. Kuv lub computer thawj zaug, nyob ib ncig ntawm xyoo 1984, yog lub Commodore VIC-20 pheej yig. Hauv TV dub-thiab-dawb, kuv ntaus cov kev pab cuam BASIC hauv phau ntawv xov xwm rau hauv nws thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub cassette tape drive uas nyuaj heev. (Kuv ib txwm khib cov phooj ywg uas muaj C64 muaj zog dua thiab nws lub external floppy disk.) Kuv tau siv sijhawm ntau rau Apple Mac LC desktop hauv xyoo 1991, tom qab ntawd Mac clone (Puas muaj leej twg nco qab UMAX SuperMacs?), thiab tom qab ntawd kuv tus lej ib PC clone ... Kuv yeej tsis tig rov qab.
Uas yog hais tias: Kuv nco qhov kev mob siab ntawm IBM PC hauv 10 xyoo thawj zaug lossis li ntawd. Vim li cas ho tsis ua raws li lub sijhawm ploj hauv xyoo 2021?
Kuv tau muab peb lub IBM PCs ntawm PC Labs tawm ntawm qhov chaw cia khoom. Tom qab li tsib feeb ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav hauv Google, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhawb nqa, kuv pom tias ob lub PCs yog IBM PC XT, tus qauv tiam thib ob. (Lub cim "XT" me me nyob rau pem hauv ntej yuav tsum yog khoom plig tuag lawm.) Lawv rov qab los rau ntawm lub txee. Peb yuav khaws ob yam khoom no rau hnub tseem ceeb 40 xyoo ntawm PC XT thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2023. Tab sis ib qho ntawm lawv yog IBM PC Model 5150 - lub npe tsev neeg ntawm thawj IBM PC. (Hurray!) Tab sis nws yog ib nrab pov tseg sab hauv thiab sab nraud. (Shh!)
Yav tas los, PC Labs tej zaum yuav tau ua ib tog kev lom zem hauv nws lub Model 5150 thaum lub sijhawm ua kev zoo siab 20 lossis 25 xyoos ntawm IBM PC. Ib qho ntawm cov floppy drives tau raug tshem tawm thiab muab tso rau ib sab, nws tej zaum yuav tsis yog thawj. Ib txhia neeg ntse tau ntxig HD-DVD drive rau hauv ib nrab ntawm ob lub qhov siab 5.25-nti drive bay. (Nco ntsoov HD-DVD? Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua qhov no.) Ib nrab ntxiv muaj lub hard drive Seagate qub, qias neeg 5.25-nti zaum sab hauv, swb xoob.
Tshem lub hau tawm, sab hauv ntawm 5150 zoo li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tog neeg fraternity. Cov xim av slime tau tshwm sim rau ntawm qee cov ribbon cables ... qee yam nws tseem nplaum. Coca-Cola xau? (Xav txog hnub nyoog, tej zaum nws yog New Coke.) Roj teeb acid? Txawm nws yog dab tsi los xij, cov ntaub so cawv tuaj yeem daws nws. (Um.)
Lub plhaub xoob: daim npav interface ntawm Seagate hard drive. Txhais tau tias xoob zoo li hloov pauv xoob. Muab qhov ntawd tshem tawm. Nws kuj tsis yog ib qho cim zoo.
Peb tsuas muaj ib lub IBM PC Model 5150 uas siv tau zoo thiab feem ntau siv tsis raug. Lub tuam txhab barcode los ntawm Ziff-Davis (PCMag lub tuam txhab niam txiv tau ntau xyoo) qhia tias qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv IT, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm qee qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntev. Qee tus kws tshawb fawb PCMagger tau txuag nws ntawm pawg khib nyiab rau kev siv yav tom ntej.
Muaj qee qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tau ua nyob ib puag ncig lub motherboard, thiab cov lus qhia no tau pom ntawm ib ntug: "64KB-256KB CPU." Qhov no qhia tau tias tus qauv 5150 yog qhov hloov kho tom qab. Hmoov tsis zoo, peb lub IBM PC tsis yog "thawj", lub OG 1981 PC. Nws tau sib sau ua ke ob peb xyoos tom qab.
Qhov kwv yees zoo tshaj plaws: 1984. Daim ntawv lo ntawm daim ntaub uas lo rau sab hauv ntawm lub tshuab hais lus mono qhia tias lub tshuab hais lus tau tsim lossis sib dhos rau lub Cuaj Hli 1984, tej zaum hauv Florida. Tsis paub meej tias daim ntawv lo twg yog.
Qhov teeb meem yog tias lub "thawj" IBM PC uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1981 hu ua Model 5150, tab sis tom qab ntawd 5150 tau raug kho dua tshiab. Nws tau tsim tawm rau feem ntau ntawm xyoo 1980, kho thiab txhim kho, thiab muag ua ke nrog cov qauv tom qab, xws li qhov loj tom ntej, IBM PC XT. Peb tus neeg dim ntawm chav kuaj tsis yog ib tug txiv neej qub, tab sis nws muaj tib lub sab nraud thiab tib lub siab tawv.
Peb tsis muaj IBM keyboard ntawm tes, thiab DOS floppy disks tau ploj mus ntau xyoo lawm, yog li peb yeej ua tau tej yam tsawg heev nrog PCs. Txuas nws rau lub monitor (ntau ntxiv txog qhov ntawd tom qab) thiab pib nws tsuas yog ua rau muaj ntau lub suab nrov nrov xwb. Tab sis peb xav thaij duab lub system los ntxiv rau PCMag qhov kev tshaj tawm dua ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thawj zaug ntawm IBM PC hauv xyoo 1981. Koj tuaj yeem saib nws hauv qhov txuas thiab xauj phau ntawv xov xwm thawj zaug ntawm Google Books (tsis hais txog peb cov lus nug rov qab).
Yog li ntawd, thaum kuv thaij duab, kuv ua li cas rau txhua tus neeg uas nyiam kho vajtse uas hwm lawv tus kheej yuav ua: rhuav tshem nws! Peb tus kws thaij duab Molly Flores (Molly Flores) uas ua siab ntev sawv ntawm no los thaij duab. Peb tau ua tiav xyoo 2021 PCMag studio ua haujlwm ntawm PCs thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1980. Nws zoo li yog kev khuv xim uas yuav pov tseg tag nrho cov duab zoo nkauj no, yog li tuaj xyuas peb.
Dua li no, kuv tsis yog menyuam ntawm thawj PC kev hloov pauv thaum nruab nrab xyoo 80s, yog li kuv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm no yuav ua rau kuv xav tsis thoob me ntsis, thiab yuav ua raws li cov kev nco zoo kawg nkaus ntawm tus thawj coj kho xov xwm Michael Miller hauv qee qhov chaw, nws tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug. Yog li ntawd, thov kho kuv kom raug thiab tso koj cov kev nco hauv cov lus hauv qab ntawm tsab xov xwm!
Ua ntej yog qee cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm lub 5150 qub. Molly ua rau nws zoo nkauj dua li nws zoo li. Kuv siv qee cov xab npum me me thiab phuam da dej los txhuam lub chassis, ntxiv cov ntaub so cawv kom tshem tawm cov av tawv ncauj, thiab siv cov cua hauv lub thawv los ntxuav cov luav uas muaj hmoov av sab hauv. Nws txhuam tas li hauv Photoshop.
Qhov ntawd yog lub IBM 5151 monitor nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub thawv. Qhov no yog ib qho monochrome CRT nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo heev ... 80 tus cim, 25 kab. (Thov nco ntsoov tias cov no yog cov cim, tsis yog pixels.) IBM's Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA), ib daim npav video thaum ntxov, tuaj yeem muaj zog rau lub vaj huam sib luag, txawm hais tias peb xav tsis thoob thaum peb qhib lub thawv. (Nws yuav piav qhia ntxiv tom qab.)
...Tsis muaj lwm yam kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov screen, tsis muaj txawm tias lub khawm qhib/kaw. Qhov ntawd yog vim tias lub monitor txuas ncaj qha rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub PC case los ntawm ob txoj hlua khi...
...Ib qho rau lub hwj chim thiab ib qho rau lub teeb liab video. (Peb yuav tham txog cov daim npav, cov chaw nres nkoj, thiab cov qhov (sockets) no tom qab.) Kev muab hluav taws xob rau lub PC desktop kuj yuav muab hluav taws xob rau lub monitor thiab.
Yog li ntawm no peb muaj lub chassis sab nraud hom 5150, uas huv dua li txij li xyoo 1986 ...
Ob lub drives thawj zaug yog 5.25 nti floppy disks nrog cov levers xauv uas koom nrog lub ka-chunk zoo. Peb yuav qhia lawv kom meej tom qab; peb yuav rub lawv tawm. (Qhov tseeb, kuv yuav tsum tau muab cov duab no rov qab rau hauv qhov chaw; cov khoom qub ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau hloov pauv ntau xyoo dhau los.)
Qhov no yog kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho lub vaj huam sib luag tom qab. Muaj peb daim npav hauv qhov chaw ISA nthuav dav daim npav, thiab qhov chaw tsis siv tsis muaj lub hau, uas tau ntev lawm.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov cim qhia "Ua nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas" qub saum toj ntawm daim ntawv cim qhia tus qauv. Koj tuaj yeem hais li ntawd pes tsawg lub desktops tam sim no?
Tom qab ntawd muaj cov chaw nres nkoj uas muaj hlau nplaum rau IBM cov khoom siv. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias, qhov chaw nres nkoj cartridge tsis tau siv dav, vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov qauv ntawm 5150 muag suav nrog lub floppy drive. (Txhua qhov kev hais txog daim kab xev txuas nrog PC yuav ua rau kuv ntshai: Xav rov qab mus rau kuv VIC-20, kuv txoj haujlwm pib nrog cov hom PC cia thaum ntxov, feem ntau ntawm cov uas tuaj ntawm cov tsav kab xev xws li Exabyte, Iomega, thiab Tandberg hauv xyoo 1990.)
Lub qhov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb nyob rau ntawm sab xis ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, ze rau sab nraub qaum. Nws muaj lub suab zoo nkauj thiab nias zoo li lub pob nyem. Koj yuav tsis tau txais lub qhov hluav taws xob zoo li no ntawm koj lub desktop lawm, qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb. Tej zaum nws yog lub console sib ntaus sib tua.
Raws li cov chaw nres nkoj uas tseem tshuav ntawm lub PC, lawv nyob rau ntawm cov backplanes ntawm ntau daim npav nthuav dav. Ib qho nrog lub qhov RCA sab laug yog qhov tseeb yog daim npav duab; lub monitor hom 5151 koom nrog lub qhov txuas 9-pin. Tab sis dab tsi nyob rau sab xis?
Kuv laus txaus los nco qab SCSI daim npav thiab cov chaw nres nkoj sib luag, thiab nws zoo li qhov kawg. Tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev los nrhiav. (Yuav kom paub tias kuv ua yuam kev, tsuas yog qhov ntawd xwb.)
Muaj ib qho yuav tsum paub meej: txhua yam hais txog lub khoos phis tawj IBM qub yog hnyav heev. IBM lub mainframe loj heev yav dhau los tau hu ua "Big Iron", tab sis lub khoos phis tawj desktop no haum rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm "Little Iron" (txawm hais tias yog, lub thawv yog hlau). Nws yog ntom thiab hnyav.
Lub hau npog no muaj tseeb heev. Txav nws mus tom ntej kom tshem tawm; tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm koj txhais taw. Kuv tso lub thav duab liab qab ci ntsa iab no tseg...
...Tsuas yog qhov loj thiab mos ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub dual floppy drive, nws zoo li tsis txawv txawv piv rau cov desktop systems niaj hnub no.
Muaj tseeb tiag, nrog rau lub hwj chim muab hluav taws xob, daim ntawv lo rau sab saum toj yog qub dua, tab sis qhov layout yog ib yam uas paub zoo, thiab muaj txawm tias muaj lub qhov txuas hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab ... Molex qhov txuas rau lub motherboard! Cov no tseem siv niaj hnub no.
Kuv xav mus tob rau hauv lub motherboard, yog li qee yam khoom yuav tsum tau tsiv. Rub daim npav nthuav dav tawm ua ntej, thiab nias nws rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag tom qab nrog cov ntsia hlau.
Qhov no yog thawj qhov, thiab nws txuas nrog lub floppy drive ntawm ib txoj hlua ribbon. Qhov ntawd yog daim npav tswj hwm floppy drive. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau qhov kev sib txuas lus yooj yim yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntawm cov ntawv nthuav dav...
Koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov xov hlau sab hauv tseem txuas nrog; nws yog daisy-chained rau ob lub floppy disks 5.25-nti. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv qhia tau hais tias daim npav no yog qhov hloov tshiab ntawm daim npav tswj hwm. Lub qhov rooj sab nraud yog rau cov tsav floppy sab nraud; nws tsis yog SCSI lossis qhov rooj sib luag.
Daim npav duab loj no ntev npaum li cov npav duab niaj hnub no, thiab ntau dua ib nrab ntawm lawv tau kho nrog cov laug cam. Qhov chaw ntawm daim npav no yog qhov paub tsis meej me ntsis thiab xav tau qee yam haujlwm hauv tsev. Qhov no tsis yog IBM daim npav MDA yooj yim. Thaum xub thawj kuv xav tias nws yuav yog kev hloov kho tom qab muag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog teeb meem ntawm IBM. Lub IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA), lub rooj tsavxwm ntxhais yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm lub cim xeeb duab, thiab tau teeb tsa ntsej muag rau ntsej muag nrog daim npav. (Daim npav muaj tus qauv cim xeeb duab 64K.) Tus thawj coj ntawm VGA, tuaj yeem siv rau cov xim tso zis txog li 640 x 350. khoom kim heev!
Raws li cov qauv niaj hnub no, daim npav no yeej yog ib qho tsiaj txawv txawv. Muaj ib txheej yas nyias nyias pob tshab nyob rau sab nraub qaum ntawm daim npav ntxhais kom tiv thaiv qhov tuab ntxiv los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog daim npav ISA uas nyob ib sab thiab tej zaum ua rau muaj kev luv luv. Lub thaiv liab ("Grayhill") nyob rau sab xis saum toj yog ib pawg ntawm DIP switches rau kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim npav raws li lub monitor koj siv. (Peb yuav pom ntau yam ntawm cov no tom qab.)
Qhov ntawd yog ntau cov chips thiab cov pob qij txha. Raws li kuv paub, nws yog ib qho ntawm Intel qhov hu ua "onboard" ISA memory expansion cards. Qhov no yog li cas koj nthuav lub cim xeeb tseem ceeb, ua ntej PC standard DIMMs thiab SO-DIMMs tshwm sim hauv txhua tus neeg lub qhov muag.
Qhov no yog ib lub rooj tsavxwm thoob ntiaj teb. Yog koj saib ze ze, ntau lub chips (qhov teeb meem NEC memory module pandemic) yog ua nyob rau hauv Nyiv Pooj, tab sis qee qhov yog ua nyob rau hauv Malaysia, Mexico, thiab El Salvador. Lwm tus uas tsis muaj pej xeem meej kuj tseem yuav ua nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws tsis yog daim npav ISA tab sis yog lub rooj sib tham ntawm United Nations.
Yog li qhov no coj peb rov qab mus rau lub motherboard. Tab sis kom tshem tawm lub circuit board koj yuav tsum tshem tawm ib qho ntawm cov floppy drives, uas tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau ib qho ntawm cov ntsia hlau uas khi nws rau lub chassis. Yog li ntawd, tshem tawm cov ribbon cable thiab disconnect lub hwj chim connector ntawm sab laug tshaj plaws drive ...
Tom qab ntawd, tshem lub hau ntswj tawm, unscrew ob lub hau ntswj, thiab lub tsav tawm hauv lub thawv zoo li txhua yam khoom siv 5.25-nti zoo ua ntej ...
Qhov no yog lub Molex connector uas paub zoo uas muab lub zog rau lub drive; qee cov peripherals tseem siv rau hauv cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub no...
Yog li ntawd, lub hau ntswj tseem ceeb ntawd tau raug nthuav tawm ntawm lub motherboard! Ob peb lub hau ntswj nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum (lub taub hau ib txwm es tsis yog Philips taub hau, uas yog qhov xav tsis thoob) yooj yim tshem tawm. Tab sis lub motherboard kuj tseem tuav rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm qee qhov kev sib txuas yas me ntsis phem, uas hla dhau cov qhov hauv lub motherboard. Koj yuav tsum maj mam nias lawv nrog koj cov ntiv tes lossis pliers, thiab tom qab ntawd hla dhau cov qhov mounting ntawm lub circuit board. Qhov teeb meem yog tias koj tso qee qhov, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv rov tshwm sim thaum koj ua haujlwm rau lwm qhov. Koj xav tau rau lossis xya tes los nias lawv ib zaug!
Txawm li cas los xij, ib tug neeg mob tau tso lawv tag nrho hauv li 10 feeb, thiab lub motherboard tau plam tawm ntawm sab ntawm lub rooj plaub ...
Ua cas zoo kawg nkaus li! Tsis yog neeg txawv teb chaws. Txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov sib txawv pom tseeb, qhov no tsis yog ib lab mais deb ntawm cov motherboard niaj hnub no. Ntawm ib sab tes, qhov no yog tag nrho I / O chaw nres nkoj vaj huam sib luag ...
Tam sim no, cov motherboard PC thaum ntxov no tsis muaj BIOS raws li peb paub. Koj tau teeb tsa koj cov khoom siv nrog DIP switches thiab siv nws nrog phau ntawv qhia (tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov kev hu xov tooj rau kev txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse lossis koj tus khub geek) ...
Kuv nco qab qhov no los ntawm qee cov PC clones tom qab uas kuv muaj. (Kuv tseem nco qab tias kuv ntxub lawv.) Muaj ob pawg ntawm cov neeg phem xiav no ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm 5150.
Kuj tseem muaj ntxiv: ntau lub cim xeeb. Nws twb tau welded ntawm no lawm. Peb tau tsiv tawm ntawm lub sijhawm DIMM uas muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw. Qhov ceev ntawm lub cim xeeb tseem tsis tau mus txog qib uas lawv xav tau kom tau txais lub cim xeeb txaus ntawm lub cim xeeb loj no ... tsis txawm ze.
Qhov no yog lub qhov txuas fais fab loj ntawm lub motherboard. Ua ntej rub lub motherboard, kuv tau txiav lub xov hlau tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog fais fab. Nws yog ib yam khoom txawv teb chaws rau tus qauv ATX 20 + 4 tus pin connector raws li peb paub niaj hnub no, tab sis nws yog ib qho pom tseeb tias yog ib qho poj koob yawm txwv.
Piv nrog rau lwm cov motherboard tshiab, ib qho uas pom tseeb tias tsis muaj yog: CPU, CPU socket, thiab lub dab dej kub nyob qhov twg? Zoo, qhov no xav tau qee qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, tab sis thaum kawg peb pom lub chip...
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-10-2021