Ua nānā haʻahaʻa kēia PC kahiko a lōʻihi hoʻi i nā PC Labs o PCMag no ka manawa lōʻihi ma mua o ka hiki i kekahi o kā mākou hui ke hoʻomanaʻo. No kona nui he 40, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe mākou iā ia... a laila wehe iā ia.
Inā makemake ʻoe e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka makahiki 40 o ka hānau ʻana o ka IBM PC (ʻAukake 12, 2021), e koho balota wau no kahi inoa: E lepo ana. ʻO ia no ka mea ʻo kaʻu hana ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā IBM PC kahiko ma ka PC lab o PCMag, i hiki ai ke hoʻoulu hou ʻia i nā lā koʻikoʻi. ʻAuē!
No nā makahiki he ʻumi, ʻekolu mau PC IBM mai nā makahiki 1980, i lako pū ʻia me kahi monitor kūlike, i hoʻokipa i nā PC Labs a mālama iā lākou ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe. Ua ola nā hana o ka hale hōʻikeʻike i ka hoʻohana maoli ʻana, nā neʻe ʻana o nā keʻena he nui, a me nā wiliwili o nā mea loiloi lako hoihoi he nui. Ua lōʻihi ko lākou noho ʻana a ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi o ka hui 2021 ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā i wāwahi hope ʻia ai, lepo ʻia a kāhāhā ʻia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea i maopopo i ke ʻano hoʻohālike o lākou.
Ua hoʻolilo au i nā lā he nui i ka hoʻākoakoa ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i ka PC, akā ʻaʻole wau he huahana o ka hanauna mua o nā PC. ʻO kaʻu kamepiula mua, ma kahi o 1984, he Commodore VIC-20 makepono. Ma ke kīwī ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, ua paʻi au i nā polokalamu BASIC i loko o ka makasina i loko a mālama iā lākou i ka cassette tape drive paʻakikī. (Ua lili mau wau i kēlā mau hoaaloha nona ka C64 ikaika a me kāna floppy disk waho.) Ua hoʻonele ʻia au no ka Apple Mac LC desktop i ka makahiki 1991, a laila Mac clone (Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei kekahi iā UMAX SuperMacs?), a laila kaʻu helu ʻekahi PC clone...ʻAʻole au i nānā i hope.
ʻO ia hoʻi: Ua poina iaʻu nā ʻeha ulu o ka IBM PC i nā makahiki he 10 mua a i ʻole. No ke aha e hoʻomau ʻole ai me ka manawa i nalowale i ka makahiki 2021?
Ua lawe au i waho i nā IBM PC ʻekolu o PC Labs mai loko mai o ka waihona. Ma hope o ʻelima mau minuke o ka huli ʻana ma Google, ka huli ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ua ʻike au ʻelua o nā PC he IBM PC XT, ke kumu hoʻohālike hanauna ʻelua. (ʻO ka hōʻailona "XT" liʻiliʻi ma mua he makana make ia.) Ua hoʻi lākou i ka papa. E mālama mākou i kēia mau huahana ʻelua no ka makahiki 40 o PC XT i Malaki 2023. Akā ʻo kekahi o lākou ʻo ia ka IBM PC Model 5150 - ka inoa ʻohana o ka IBM PC mua. (Hurray!) Akā he hapalua ʻōpala ia i loko a i waho. (Shh!)
I ka wā ma mua, ua mālama paha ʻo PC Labs i kahi pāʻina rave ma kāna Model 5150 relic ma ka hanana o ka makahiki 20 a 25 paha o ka IBM PC. Ua wehe ʻia kekahi o nā floppy drive a waiho ʻia ma kahi ʻē, ʻaʻole paha ia ke kumu. Ua hoʻokomo kekahi poʻe akamai i kahi drive HD-DVD i ka hapalua o ka lua drive pālua 5.25-'īniha. (E hoʻomanaʻo iā HD-DVD? ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e hana i kēia.) ʻO ka hapalua ʻē aʻe he drive paʻakikī Seagate kahiko a lepo 5.25-'īniha e waiho ana i loko, e paheʻe mālie ana.
Wehe i ke poʻi, ua like ka loko o ka 5150 me ka hopena o kahi pāʻina fraternity. Ua lawe ka slime ʻeleʻele i kahi ma kekahi mau kaula lipine ... i kekahi ʻano ua pipili mau ia. Ua liki ʻo Coca-Cola? (Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka makahiki, malia paha he New Coke.) ʻAkika pila? ʻOiai he aha ia, hiki i nā ʻūlū waiʻona ke hoʻoponopono iā ia. (Um.)
Pūpū wehe: ke kāleka interface o ka ʻōpae paʻakikī Seagate. ʻO ia hoʻi, he kālā wehe e like me ke kālā wehe. E lawe i waho. ʻAʻole ia he hōʻailona maikaʻi.
Hoʻokahi wale nō kā mākou IBM PC Model 5150 i hoʻohana nui ʻia a hoʻomāinoino pinepine ʻia. Hōʻike ka barcode o ka hui mai Ziff-Davis (ka hui makua o PCMag no nā makahiki he nui) he waiwai IT kēia i ka wā ma mua, ʻo ia ka mana nui o kekahi hoʻoponopono lōʻihi. Ua mālama kekahi PCMagger akamai iā ia mai ka puʻu ʻōpala no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ua hana ʻia kekahi ʻimi ʻana a puni ka motherboard, a ua loaʻa kēia ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi ma kekahi ʻaoʻao: "64KB-256KB CPU." Ua hōʻike kēia he hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike 5150. Auē, ʻaʻole ʻo kā mākou IBM PC ka "kumu" mua, ʻo ia ka OG 1981 PC. Ua hoʻākoakoa ʻia i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai.
Kuhi maikaʻi loa: 1984. ʻO ka lepili lole i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka mea hoʻolele leo mono e hōʻike ana ua hana ʻia a hoʻākoakoa ʻia paha ka mea hoʻolele leo i Kepakemapa 1984, malia paha ma Florida. ʻAʻole maopopo ka lepili.
ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo ka IBM PC "kumu" i hoʻomaka mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1981 ua kapa ʻia ʻo Model 5150, akā ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ka 5150 ma hope. Ua hana ʻia no ka hapa nui o nā makahiki 1980, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, a kūʻai ʻia aku ma ka ʻaoʻao me nā hiʻohiʻona ma hope, e like me ka mana nui aʻe, ʻo IBM PC XT. ʻAʻole he kanaka kahiko ko mākou mea i ola i ka hale hana hoʻokolohua, akā he like kona ʻano waho a me ka ʻiʻo like.
ʻAʻohe o mākou kīpē IBM ma ka lima, a ua nalowale nā disk floppy DOS no nā makahiki he nui, no laila hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā mea palena loa me nā PC. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana iā ia i kahi monitor (ʻoi aku ka nui ma hope) a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻoulu wale i kahi moʻo o nā beeps huhū. Akā makemake mākou e kiʻi i ka ʻōnaehana e hoʻohui i ka hoʻopuka hou ʻana o PCMag i ka loiloi mua o ka IBM PC i ka makahiki 1981. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā iā ia ma ka loulou a nānā i ka makasina kumu ma Google Books (ʻaʻole e haʻi i kā mākou nīnau hope).
No laila, i ke kaʻina hana kiʻi ʻana, ua hana wau i ka mea a kekahi ʻīlio lako ponoʻī e hana ai: e wāwahi iā ia! Ua kū kā mākou mea paʻi kiʻi limahana hoʻomanawanui ʻo Molly Flores (Molly Flores) e kiʻi i nā kiʻi. Ua hana mākou i ka hana ʻana o ke keʻena PCMag 2021 ma nā PC i ka waena o nā makahiki 1980. He mea minamina ka hoʻonele ʻana i kēia mau kiʻi nani a pau, no laila e hele mai e kipa mai iā mākou.
ʻEia hou, ʻaʻole wau he keiki o ka hoʻokahuli PC mua i ka waena o nā makahiki 80, no laila e lilo iki kaʻu loiloi ma aneʻi i mea kupanaha, a e hahai i nā hoʻomanaʻo kupaianaha o ka luna hoʻoponopono mua ʻo Michael Miller ma kekahi mau wahi, ua hōʻike mua ʻo ia. No laila, e ʻoluʻolu e mālama pono iaʻu a waiho i kāu mau hoʻomanaʻo ma nā manaʻo ma lalo o ka ʻatikala!
ʻO ka mea mua, aia kekahi mau kiʻi hoihoi o ka 5150 kahiko. Hoʻolilo ʻo Molly i mea nani ma mua o ka mea i ʻike ʻia. Hoʻohana au i kekahi kopa palupalu a me nā kāwele e holoi i ke chassis, hoʻohui i nā ʻūlū waiʻona e wehe i ka lepo paʻakikī, a hoʻohana i ka ea i loko o ka pahu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā lāpaki lepo i loko. Ua holoi ʻo ia i ke koena ma Photoshop.
ʻO ia ka monitor IBM 5151 ma luna o ka hihia. He CRT monochrome loa kēia me ka hoʻonā kūloko maikaʻi loa ... 80 mau huapalapala, 25 mau laina. (E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo he mau huapalapala kēia, ʻaʻole he mau pikela.) ʻO ka Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) a IBM, he kāleka wikiō mua, ua hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka panela, ʻoiai ua kahaha mākou i ka wā i wehe ai mākou i ka hihia. (E wehewehe kikoʻī ʻia ma hope.)
...ʻAʻohe mana ʻē aʻe ma ka hōʻike, ʻaʻohe hoʻi he kuapo on/off. ʻO ia no ka mea ua hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka monitor i ke kua o ka hihia PC ma o ʻelua mau kaula paʻa...
...Hoʻokahi no ka lako mana a hoʻokahi no ka hōʻailona wikiō. (E uhi mākou i kēia mau kāleka, nā awa, a me nā sockets ma hope.) ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka pākaukau PC e hoʻoikaika pū i ka monitor.
No laila eia mākou he chassis waho ʻano 5150, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe ma mua o ka makahiki 1986 ...
ʻO nā drive mua ʻelua he mau diski floppy 5.25 ʻīniha me nā levers laka e hoʻopili ana me kahi ka-chunk kūpono. E hoʻolauna mākou iā lākou ma nā kikoʻī ma hope; e huki mākou iā lākou i waho. (ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono wau e hoʻihoʻi i kēia mau kiʻi i koʻu wahi; ua pani ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili kahiko o ka hale hōʻikeʻike i nā makahiki i hala aku nei.)
He loiloi kēia o ka panela hope holoʻokoʻa. ʻEkolu mau kāleka i loko o ke kau kāleka hoʻonui ISA, a ʻaʻohe uhi o ke kau i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, he manawa lōʻihi ia mai ia manawa.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hōʻailona kahiko "Made in USA" ma luna o ka hōʻailona ʻike kumu hoʻohālike. Ehia mau kamepiula papapihi e hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo pēlā i kēia manawa?
A laila aia nā awa paʻa no nā peripherals IBM. ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia ke awa cartridge, no ka mea, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mana o ka 5150 i kūʻai ʻia aku he floppy drive. (ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo ʻana o ka lipine i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi PC e hoʻoluliluli iaʻu: Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kaʻu VIC-20, ua hoʻomaka kaʻu ʻoihana me nā ʻano mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka PC, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i hele mai mai nā lipine drive e like me Exabyte, Iomega, a me Tandberg i nā makahiki 1990. .)
Aia ke kuapo mana nui ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, kokoke i ke kua. Ua hele pū ʻia me kahi kaomi nani a ʻiʻo. ʻAʻole ʻoe e loaʻa hou i kēlā ʻano kuapo mana ma kāu pākaukau, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia. Malia paha he console hakakā ia.
No nā awa i koe o ka PC, aia lākou ma nā papa hope o kekahi mau kāleka hoʻonui. ʻO ka mea me ka jack RCA ma ka hema he kāleka kiʻi maopopo ia; pili kahi monitor ʻano 5151 me kahi mea hoʻohui 9-pin. Akā he aha ka mea ma ka ʻākau?
Ua lawa koʻu mau makahiki e hoʻomanaʻo i nā kāleka SCSI a me nā awa like, a ua like ia me ka mea hope. Hoʻokahi wale nō ala e ʻike ai. (I mea e ʻike ai ua hewa wau, ʻo ia wale nō.)
Hoʻokahi mea e pono e maopopo: he kaumaha nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka IBM PC mua. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka mainframe nui o IBM ma ka inoa kapakapa ʻo "Big Iron", akā kūpono kēia kamepiula papapihi i ke kūlana o "Little Iron" (ʻoiai ʻae, he kila maoli ka hihia). He paʻa a kaumaha hoʻi.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa ka uhi. E hoʻoneʻe i mua e wehe; mai kau ma kou mau wāwae. Ua waiho au i kēia kiʻi ʻōlohelohe nani...
...Koe wale nō ke kaapuni nui a palupalu o ka floppy drive pālua, ʻaʻole ia e like me ka mea maʻamau ʻole i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula o kēia wā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, me ka lako mana, ua ʻoi aku ka pau ʻana o ka lepili ma luna, akā ua kamaʻāina ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a aia kekahi mea hoʻohui mana nui a me ... ka mea hoʻohui Molex i ka motherboard! Ke hoʻohana mau nei kēia mau mea i kēia lā.
Makemake au e komo hohonu i loko o ka motherboard, no laila pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana. E huki mua i waho i ke kāleka hoʻonui, a kaomi iā ia ma ka panela hope me nā wili.
ʻO kēia ka mea mua, a ua hoʻopili ʻia i kahi floppy drive ma o ke kaula lipine. He kāleka hoʻokele floppy drive kēlā. I kēlā manawa, pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā pilina ʻōnaehana kumu he nui ma o nā kāleka hoʻonui...
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ua pili mau ke kaula lipine kūloko; ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ia i ʻelua mau diski floppy 5.25-'īniha. Hōʻike nā noiʻi hou aku he mana hou kēia kāleka o ke kāleka mea hoʻokele. ʻO ke awa waho no nā floppy drive waho; ʻaʻole ia he SCSI a i ʻole ke awa like.
ʻO kēia kāleka kiʻi nui ka lōʻihi e like me nā kāleka kiʻi kiʻekiʻe o kēia wā, a ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o lākou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā papa kaikamahine. He mea pohihihi iki ke kumu o kēia kāleka a koi i kekahi hana home. ʻAʻole kēia ke kāleka MDA maʻamau a IBM. I ka wā mua ua manaʻo wau he hoʻonui ma hope o ke kūʻai aku. Eia naʻe, he pilikia kēia na IBM. ʻO ka IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA), ka papa kaikamahine he hoʻonui ia o ka hoʻomanaʻo kiʻi, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia he alo a he alo me ke kāleka. (He 64K ka hoʻomanaʻo kiʻi maʻamau o ke kāleka.) ʻO ka mea mua o VGA, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopuka kala a hiki i ka 640 x 350. hanohano!
Ma nā kūlana o kēia au, he holoholona ʻokoʻa kēia kāleka. Aia kahi papa o ka palaki lahilahi moakaka ma ke kua o ke kāleka kaikamahine e pale aku i ka mānoanoa keu mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kāleka ISA e pili ana a hiki ke hana i kahi kaapuni pōkole. ʻO ka poloka ʻulaʻula ("Grayhill") ma ke kihi ʻākau i luna he hoʻonohonoho o nā kuapo DIP no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hana o ke kāleka e like me ka monitor āu e hoʻohana nei. (E ʻike mākou i nā mea hou aku o kēia mau mea ma hope.)
He nui kēlā mau ʻāpana a me nā hui solder. I koʻu ʻike, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kāleka hoʻonui hoʻomanaʻo ISA "onboard" a Intel. Penei ʻoe e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻōnaehana nui, ma mua loa o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā DIMM maʻamau PC a me nā SO-DIMM i nā maka o kekahi.
He papa honua loa kēia. Inā ʻoe e nānā pono, hana ʻia nā ʻāpana he nui (ka maʻi ahulau module hoʻomanaʻo NEC) ma Iapana, akā hana ʻia kekahi ma Malekia, Mekiko, a me El Salvador. ʻO kekahi poʻe ʻaʻole i maopopo ke kamaʻāina, hiki ke hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻAʻole ia he kāleka ISA e like me kahi hālāwai kūkā o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa.
No laila, hoʻihoʻi kēia iā mākou i ka motherboard. Akā, no ka wehe ʻana i ka papa kaapuni, pono ʻoe e wehe i kekahi o nā drive floppy, kahi e pale ai i ke komo ʻana i kekahi o nā wili e hoʻopaʻa ana iā ia i ka chassis. No laila, e wehe i ke kaula ribbon a hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea hoʻohui mana o ka drive hema loa...
A laila, e lawe i waho i ka screwdriver, wehe i nā wili ʻelua, a puka mai ka drive mai loko mai o ka hihia e like me kekahi hāmeʻa 5.25-ʻīniha maikaʻi ma mua...
ʻO kēia ka mea hoʻohui Molex maʻamau e hoʻoikaika i ka drive; hoʻohana mau ʻia kekahi mau peripherals i nā kamepiula pilikino i kēia lā...
No laila, ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā wili kī ma ka motherboard! He maʻalahi ke wehe ʻana i nā wili liʻiliʻi ma nā kihi (nā poʻo maʻamau ma kahi o nā poʻo Philips, he mea kupanaha ia). Akā ua paʻa pū ʻia ka motherboard e kekahi mau pou hoʻohui extrusion plastic ʻino iki, e hele ana ma nā lua i loko o ka motherboard. Pono ʻoe e ʻomi mālie iā lākou me kou mau manamana lima a i ʻole nā pliers, a laila e hoʻokomo iā lākou ma nā lua hoʻopaʻa o ka papa kaapuni. ʻO ka pilikia, hoʻokuʻu ʻoe i kekahi, a laila e ʻike hou ʻia lākou ke hana ʻoe i ke koena. Pono ʻoe i ʻeono a ʻehiku mau lima e ʻomi iā lākou i ka manawa hoʻokahi!
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokuʻu kekahi mea maʻi iā lākou a pau ma kahi o 10 mau minuke, a ua paheʻe ka motherboard mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka hihia...
He hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha! ʻAʻole ia he malihini. ʻOiai aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa maopopo, ʻaʻole kēia he miliona mile ka mamao mai nā motherboards hou. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo kēia ka panela puka I/O holoʻokoʻa...
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe BIOS o kēia mau motherboards PC mua e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻoe i kāu lako me nā kuapo DIP a hoʻohana iā ia me ka manual (aia paha kekahi mau kelepona paʻakikī i ke kākoʻo loea a i ʻole kāu hoa geek)...
Ua hoʻomanaʻo wau i kēia mai kekahi mau clones PC ma hope mai aʻu i loaʻa ai. (Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au ua inaina wau iā lākou.) ʻElua mau pūʻulu o kēia mau mea ʻino polū māmā ma ka papa 5150.
Eia kekahi ma luna o ka papa: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo. Ua hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia ma ʻaneʻi. Ua neʻe mākou mai ka wā DIMM maʻamau. ʻAʻole i hiki i ka nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo i ka pae e pono ai lākou e loaʻa ka lawa ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo ma kahi lāʻau hoʻomanaʻo o kēia nui ... ʻaʻole kokoke.
ʻO kēia ka mea hoʻohui mana nui o ka motherboard. Ma mua o ka huki ʻana i ka motherboard, ua hoʻokaʻawale au i ke kaula nui o ka lako mana. He mea ʻē ia i ka mea hoʻohui pine ATX 20+4 maʻamau e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei i kēia lā, akā he kūpuna maopopo ia.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi motherboard hou, hoʻokahi mea i nele maopopo ʻia: ʻAuhea ka CPU, ka socket CPU, a me ka mea hoʻomehana wela? ʻĀ, pono kēia i kekahi ʻimi ʻana, akā ua loaʻa iā mākou ka chip...
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-10-2021