Ngomhlaka-15 Novemba 2020, kwasayinwa ngokusemthethweni iSivumelwano Sokubambisana Kwezomnotho Esibanzi Sesifunda (i-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, i-RCEP), okwaphawula ukwethulwa ngokusemthethweni kwendawo yokuhweba yamahhala enabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni, enkulu kunazo zonke kwezomnotho kanye nokuhweba kanye namathuba amaningi okuthuthukiswa. Ikhebula leribhoni eliyisicaba, I-Wago 236 futhi Isibonisi Sesipikili Esinezipoki kufanele kuqashelwe.
Le nhlangano yesifunda yasungulwa amazwe ayi-10 ase-ASEAN (i-Indonesia, iMalaysia, iPhilippines, iThailand, iSingapore, iBrunei, iCambodia, iLaos, iMyanmar, iVietnam) futhi yamenywa (iChina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, i-Australia, iNew Zealand kanye neNdiya) ukuthi bahlanganyele esivumelwaneni sokuhweba esihlose ukunciphisa izithiyo zentela kanye nezingezona ezentela, ukusungula imakethe yamahhala ehlanganisiwe yamazwe ayi-16, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda ngokuvulwa kwezimakethe phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. (I-India ihoxa ngomzuzu wokugcina)
Ngemva kokuqala kokusebenza kwesivumelwano, ukuhweba ngezimpahla ezingaphezu kuka-90% esifundeni ekugcineni kufinyelele amanani entela angenalutho, futhi ikakhulukazi kunciphise intela ngokushesha kwaba yi-zero futhi kunciphise intela kancane kancane kwaba yi-zero. Amabhizinisi okungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ukuze kufezwe ukwehliswa kwentela kanye nesisekelo sentela esingenalutho ukuthi imikhiqizo ihambisane nemithetho ye-RCEP yemvelaphi, futhi ngokwezidingo zamasiko zamaqembu okungenisa ukuze amemezele futhi ajabulele izinga lentela lesivumelwano esifanele.
Ngokwemibandela, isivumelwano se-RCEP sidinga ukuthi okungenani amalungu angu-9 kwangu-15 avunywe, okuhlanganisa okungenani amalungu angu-6 e-ASEAN kanye okungenani amathathu aseShayina, eJapane, eRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Njengamanje, amalungu aseqalile izinqubo zokukhishwa kwemvume zomthetho zasekhaya ezihlose ukwenza kube lula ukuqala ukusebenza kweSivumelwano kusenesikhathi.
Ezinye izinqubo ezibalulekile zakamuva yilezi:
3 uNhlolanja
I-Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Commerce, ngewebhusayithi yayo yezindaba zikahulumeni, ishicilele "Izinyathelo Ezithile (Uhlaka Lokuphawula) Zokusebenzisa Amathuba e-RCEP Nokukhuthaza Ukusungula Nokuthuthukisa Ukuhweba Nge-elekthronikhi Okweqa imingcele eGuangzhou", okuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokusekela sendawo sokukhuthaza i-RCEP eShayina. Qaphela ukulanda i-PDF, sicela unake i-akhawunti yokubhalisa ethi "focus horizon" (ID: focus vision), phendula ku-"Guangzhou" ukufinyelela.
24 uNhlolanja
Emhlanganweni weKhabhinethi, uHulumeni waseJapan wamukele inqubo yokuqinisekiswa kweSivumelwano Sokubambisana Kwezomnotho Esibanzi Sesifunda (i-RCEP), ngenhloso yokusivuma ePhalamende lamanje. (Iseshini evamile yama-204 yephalamende laseJapan ivulwe ngoJanuwari 18 kulo nyaka futhi izophela ekupheleni kukaJuni)
28 uNhlolanja
I-General Customs Administration yaseShayina ithe imithetho yemvelaphi yeSivumelwano Sokubambisana Kwezomnotho Esibanzi (i-RCEP) kanye nokuqaliswa kokunciphisa intela yamalungiselelo obuchwepheshe kukhuthazwa ngokuphelele. Njengamanje, sesiqedile ukubhala iziphakamiso zaseShayina ezifana nokudluliselwa kwezindinganiso zemvelaphi kanye neziqondiso zokusetshenziswa kwemithetho yemvelaphi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lolwazi lokuphathwa kwemvelaphi ye-RCEP, oluhlanganisa ama-visa okuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga entela okuvunyelwene ngawo, kanye neminye imisebenzi, lusenqubweni yokuqedela amalungiselelo okulungisa uhlelo.
4 Mashi
Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-General Administration of Customs ishicilele uhlaka lwe-Measures for the Administration of Approved Exporters by the Customs of the People's Republic of China, futhi yenza imibono yomphakathi ngaphambi komhla ziyi-5 kuMbasa.
8 Mashi
UNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo uWang Wentao uqinisekisile engxoxweni ne-"Minister Channel" ukuthi uhulumeni wethu uvumile ngokusemthethweni lesi sivumelwano.
Ngakho-ke yini okufanele abathumeli bezimpahla kwamanye amazwe besikhathi esizayo bayinake lapho bejabulela izinketho zentela?
01 Imithetho eqongelelekayo ye-RCEP yemvelaphi
I-RCEP ifinyelela ukuqongelela kwamazwe angamalungu ayi-15 iphula imikhawulo yokuqala ye-China-South Korea, i-China-Australia, i-China-ASEAN kanye neminye imikhawulo engaqongeleli. Enkambisweni yokucubungula, ingxenye yenani elongeziwe lomkhiqizo ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo ovela kuwo uma nje ingeyamazwe angamalungu ayi-15 futhi inani elilongeziwe lidlula u-40%.
Umqondo wesitifiketi somsuka
Abathumeli bamazwe aphakathi banelungelo lokukhipha izitifiketi zomsuka futhi ngezitolimende zezimpahla ezikhiphe izitifiketi zomsuka, futhi izimpahla ezifanele zisangaphansi kwesilinganiso sentela esivunyelwene ngaso uma zithengiswa kwamanye amazwe angamalungu.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi imikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle yiSifundazwe Esinesivumelwano, ngemva kokuhlukaniswa yiSifundazwe Esinesivumelwano Esiphakathi, ingathunyelwa kabusha kusetshenziswa izitifiketi zokuqala ezilandelanayo isikhathi esingedluli inani kanye nokusebenza kwesitifiketi sokuqala sokuqala kanye nesilinganiso sentela esivunyelwene ngaso eSifundazweni esingenisayo, okwandisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwebhizinisi ngokwecebo lokuthengisa kanye namalungiselelo okuthutha.
Isimemezelo Semvelaphi Ukusetshenziswa Okukhulu
Isimemezelo semvelaphi esikhishwe ngumthumeli ogunyaziwe sizosetshenziswa kanye nesitifiketi sendabuko semvelaphi kusukela ngosuku lokuqala ukusebenza kwesivumelwano.
Ukumenyezelwa kwemvelaphi ezimele yamabhizinisi kusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwesitifiketi sendabuko semvelaphi esikhishwe yi-ejensi yama-visa, ukumenyezelwa kwemvelaphi ekhishwe ngumthumeli ogunyaziwe kuzoba yisitifiketi senzuzo esisebenzayo. Uhlelo luzothuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenziseka kwezivumelwano zokuhweba ngokukhululekile.
Ubambiswano Olusha Lokuhweba Okukhululekile Phakathi KweShayina NeJapan
Ngaphambi kwalokhu, iShayina yasungula indawo yokuhweba yamahhala namazwe ayishumi ase-ASEAN, kanti intela engu-zero ye-China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone ihlanganise izinto ezingaphezu kuka-90% zentela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-RCEP enye yentuthuko enkulu kakhulu kuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuthi iShayina neJapan babe nesivumelwano sentela engu-zero yendawo yokuhweba yamahhala, esifinyelele impumelelo yomlando.
IJapani ithembise ukunciphisa kancane kancane ezinye izintela zezimpahla ngaphansi kwe-RCEP kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15 kamuva ibe yi-zero. Phakathi kwezigaba zezimpahla eziyinhloko iShayina ezithumela eJapani, izindwangu zingase zibe umkhakha onenzuzo kakhulu. Isigaba sezindwangu nezingubo ekuqaleni sasibhekene neJapane ukuthi ibeke cishe izintela zokungenisa impahla ezingu-8-11%.
Isiqondiso Seziphathimandla Zentela
01 Imithetho ecacile yemvelaphi
Uma imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa eShayina noma kwamanye amazwe angamalungu eQembu, ngeke ijabulele ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lentela lesivumelwano se-RCEP, futhi izokwahlulelwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho efanele yemvelaphi futhi ithole isitifiketi semvelaphi ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo. Imithetho yemvelaphi ye-RCEP ngaphansi kweSivumelwano ibonakala ngobunzima nokuhlukahluka. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi amabhizinisi achaze imiqondo yeziqu zemvelaphi, ukuthuthwa okuqondile nokunye ngokwezimpawu zawo zomkhiqizo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokumenyezelwa kolwazi olufanele.
02 Ukukhetha Okunembile Kwezivumelwano Ezikhethwayo
Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathebula amahlanu okunciphisa intela namanye amazwe ayi-14 angamalungu ngaphansi kwesihloko se-RCEP, i-China idlule amazinga entela ngezivumelwano zokuhweba zesifunda eziyisithupha, okuhlanganisa i-China-ASEAN, i-China-Singapore, i-China-Korea, i-China-Australia, i-China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement kanye ne-Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, futhi iphakamisa ukuthi amabhizinisi akhethe i-FTA efaneleka kakhulu ngezidingo zawo, ecabangela uhla lwemikhiqizo ohlwini lokunciphisa intela, izinga lokulula kwezindinganiso zemvelaphi, uhla lwezivumelwano zentela kanye nokulula kwezinqubo zokusebenza.
Gxila Esimemezelweni Somsuka
I-RECP ifomu lesitifiketi semvelaphi liyanwetshwa, ngaphezu kwesitifiketi sendabuko semvelaphi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesimemezelo semvelaphi. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi amabhizinisi kufanele aqonde uhlelo olufanele lwesimemezelo semvelaphi kusenesikhathi, akhethe indlela yesitifiketi semvelaphi efanele wona futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuvunyelwa kwentela.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukuhlelwa Kwe-Supply Chain
I-RCEP inikeza amathuba amaningi nezinketho kubasebenzi ukuze bathuthukise ukwakheka kwe-supply chain e-Asia nasePacific ngisho nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi amabhizinisi kufanele athuthukise ukwakheka kwezimboni futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kwamabhizinisi ngokuhlanganiswa nezivumelwano ezahlukene zokuhweba mahhala, kanye nokunqunywa kwenani lesifunda okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla, ukuqoqwa kwezingxenye zesifunda, isitifiketi semvelaphi elandelanayo njalo njalo.
Phakamisa ukwakheka okuhlosiwe kwe-RCEP "isiyingi sabangane" abantu bezentengiselwano zangaphandle, hlala ukhathazekile ngentuthuko, ukulungiselela kusenesikhathi, sebenzisa ithuba!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-15-2021