Uchungechunge lwezehlakalo ezingavamile ezibangelwe ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo luholele enkingeni enkulu yokushoda kwezitsha. Lokhu kungabhekwa njengomhlaba wonke, ngoba ukushoda kwezitsha kungaba nomphumela wochungechunge kuzo zonke izintambo zokuhlinzeka, okubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke. Ibhulokhi yetheminali yentambo, Isixhumi se-CPU futhi izibonisi zephedali kufanele kuqashelwe.
Ukubuyiselwa kwezentengiselwano, ukushoda kwama-container, Kunomthelela omkhulu emazingeni okuthutha impahla. Ngokusho kwabantu bemakethe, NgoFebhuwari, izindleko zokuthumela nge-container zikhuphuke zisuka ku-$1500 zaya ku-$6000-9000. Ukushoda kwama-container nakho kwakhuphula intengo yama-container amasha.
Njengamanje, umenzi wezitsha ovelele waseShayina ubize izitsha ezintsha ngama-$2,500, okungaphezu kwama-$1600 ngonyaka odlule.
Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, intela yama-container nayo ikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50.
Kunezizathu ezine eziyinhloko zale nkinga:
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokwehla kwenani leziqukathi ezitholakalayo;
Okwesibili, ngenxa yokuminyana kwamachweba amaningi ngenxa yokushoda kwabasebenzi;
Okwesithathu, ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lemikhumbi esebenza;
Okokugcina, ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu emqondweni wokuthenga kwabathengi,
Maphakathi nonyaka odlule, kwavela i-swan emnyama yangempela. Inani elikhulu lezimpahla zama-container ezivela e-Asia zathunyelwa eNyakatho Melika, kodwa ngenxa yemikhawulo yobhubhane, cishe azikho izitsha ezathunyelwa e-Asia. Ngoba inkampani yokuthumela ayinasithakazelo kulokhu, ngakho ukubuyiselwa kwamabhokisi angenalutho akubalulekile kakhulu. Kuleli qophelo, lokhu kungalingani kokunikezwa sekuphenduke ukungalingani okukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukushoda okukhulu kwabasebenzi emachwebeni aseMelika. Hhayi nje kuphela ama-docks nama-warehouse. Ngenxa yemikhawulo yemingcele, umsebenzi we-Customs nawo wamiswa kancane. Nakuba i-China yaqala kabusha ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngaphambi komhlaba wonke, amanye amazwe, nokho, ayaqhubeka nokubhekana nemikhawulo ye-embargo kanye nokudilizwa. Njengamanje izitsha zinegebe lokungalingani elingu-40% eNyakatho Melika. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izitsha eziyi-10 ziyafika, zibuya ezine kuphela, kanti eziyi-6 zahlala echwebeni lokufika. Isilinganiso sokuhweba phakathi kwe-China ne-US TEU,900,000 ngenyanga, izitsha zinezinga lokungalingani okukhulu. Engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, ukuthengiswa kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-23.3 kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Inkinga yokuthunyelwa kwezitsha ithinta izindawo ezahlukene zebhizinisi ngezindlela ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu njengemikhiqizo yobunjiniyela bemishini, imikhiqizo kagesi kanye nemishini yamakhompyutha akuthinteki kangako. Kodwa kwezinye izigaba, Ikakhulukazi ezindwangu zase-Asia, ukwanda kwezindleko zokuhamba kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngokusho komthumeli ngaphandle, ukwanda okukhulu kwempahla kuholele ekuvalweni kwezimboni eziningi zezindwangu eziphansi. Ukubambezeleka kanye nokuntuleka kwama-container kunyusa amazinga empahla. E-Asia, ukubambezeleka kokulethwa kufika emavikini, okuphoqa izinkampani eziningi ukuthi zixoxisane ngamanani aphezulu nabathengi. Ukwelulekwa ngokuthunyelwa kwama-container echwebeni laseFelixstowe, e-UK, Ukusuka eShanghai kuya eLos Angeles, Impahla ingu-$0.66 ngesitsha esingamamitha angu-40, kanti izindleko zokuthumela kusuka eShanghai kuya eLos Angeles zingaphansi kuka-$0.10. Intengo yamathikithi ukusuka eShanghai kuya eMelbourne ingu-$0.88, intengo yamathikithi endiza ukusuka eShanghai kuya eSantos ingu-$0.75. Kukhona ukuvumelana kokuthi, Ama-container angenalutho kufanele athunyelwe emuva e-Asia, ukuze abathwali bakwazi ukuqhubeka nebhizinisi labo. Imizila yokuhweba esuka e-Asia iya e-United States isibe nenzuzo enkulu kangangokuthi abathwali bezimpahla bathumela ngisho nama-container emuva e-Asia ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi izimpahla zifike, ikakhulukazi uma ama-port engatholakali. Njengoba kunemibiko yokwanda kokuminyana kanye nokuntuleka kwama-container emachwebeni amakhulu eShayina, izwe seliqalile ukucela ukubambisana ukuze kutholakale ama-container engeziwe kanye nezindleko zokunciphisa imithwalo. Muva nje, izinhlangano zamachweba kanye nezokuthuthwa kwempahla zibizelwe ukusebenzisana nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ukubhekana nokuntuleka kwama-container. I-China Ports Association (CPHA) kanye ne-China Shipowners' Association (CSA) kudingeka banciphise umthelela wokuntuleka kwama-container abalulekile ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe, kusho ingqungquthela ebibanjwe yi-Ministry of Transport. Ukuvuselelwa kwezentengiselwano okwaqala ngonyaka odlule kwaholela ekushodeni kwama-container. Kodwa inqubo ehamba kancane yokuthumela ama-container emuva esuka eNyakatho Melika eya e-Asia nayo inegalelo ekungalinganini kwayo kwamanje. Ngonyaka odlule, samemezela izinyathelo zokwandisa ukutholakala kwama-container. Ngokusho kwabezindaba, i-China Container Industry Association (CCIA) inxuse abakhiqizi bama-container ukuthi bandise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa. Kusukela ngoSepthemba, ukukhiqizwa kwanyanga zonke kwamabhokisi ajwayelekile angu-300000 kufinyelelwe ekunciphiseni ukushoda. Abakhiqizi bama-container bandise amahora abo okusebenza ajwayelekile abe amahora angu-11 ngosuku.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-12-2021