Uthotho lweziganeko ezingaqhelekanga ezibangelwe kukuqhambuka kobhubhane zikhokelele kwingxaki enkulu yokunqongophala kweekhonteyina. Oku kungachazwa njengehlabathi liphela, kuba ukunqongophala kweekhonteyina kunokuba nefuthe leentambo kuzo zonke iintambo zokubonelela, nto leyo ephazamisa urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ibhloko yesiphelo sentambo, Isixhumi seCPU kwaye izibonisi zepedali kufuneka kuqatshelwe.
Ukubuyiselwa korhwebo, ukunqongophala kweekhonteyina, Kunempembelelo enkulu kumaxabiso okuthutha impahla. Ngokutsho kwabantu bemarike, NgoFebruwari, iindleko zokuthumela ngekhonteyina zinyukile ukusuka kwi-$1500 ukuya kwi-$6000-9000. Ukunqongophala kweekhonteyina kukwanyuse ixabiso leekhonteyina ezintsha.
Okwangoku, umenzi weekhonteyina odumileyo eTshayina uthengise iikhonteyina ezintsha ngexabiso le-$2,500, elingaphezulu kwe-$1600 kunyaka ophelileyo.
Kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo, irenti yeeContainer nayo inyuke ngama-50 ekhulwini.
Kukho izizathu ezine eziphambili zale ngxaki:
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani lezikhongozeli ezikhoyo;
Okwesibini, ngenxa yokuxinana kwamazibuko amaninzi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi;
Okwesithathu, ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani leenqanawa ezisebenzayo;
Okokugqibela, ngenxa yotshintsho olukhulu kwindlela abathengi abavakalelwa ngayo ngokuthenga,
Phakathi kunyaka ophelileyo, kwavela i-swan emnyama yokwenyani. Inani elikhulu leempahla zeekhonteyina ezivela e-Asia zathunyelwa eMntla Melika, kodwa ngenxa yemiqathango yobhubhane, phantse akukho zikhonteyina zathunyelwa e-Asia. Ngenxa yokuba inkampani yokuthumela ayinamdla koku, ngoko ke ukubuyiselwa kweebhokisi ezingenanto akubalulekanga kangako. Okwangoku, olu kungalingani kobonelelo luye lwaguquka lwaba kukungalingani okukhulu kakhulu. Ukongeza, kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwabasebenzi kumazibuko aseMelika. Akukuphela nje kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla. Ngenxa yemiqathango yemida, umsebenzi weCustoms nawo wamiswa kancinci. Nangona i-China yaqala kwakhona ukuthumela ngaphandle ngaphambi kwehlabathi liphela, amanye amazwe, nangona kunjalo, aqhubeka nokujongana nemiqathango yokuthintela kunye nokuyekiswa emsebenzini. Okwangoku izikhonteyina zinomsantsa wokungalingani we-40% eMntla Melika. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izikhonteyina ezili-10 zifika, zibuya ezine kuphela, ngelixa ezi-6 zahlala kwizibuko lokufika. Umyinge worhwebo phakathi kwe-China ne-US yi-TEU, 900,000 ngenyanga, isikhonteyina sinokungalingani okukhulu kakhulu. Kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, iNtengiso inyuke ngama-23.3 ekhulwini ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Ingxaki yokuthunyelwa kwezikhonteyina ichaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuthuthwa kweempahla ezixabisa kakhulu ezifana neemveliso zobunjineli boomatshini, iimveliso ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha akuchaphazeleki kangako. Kodwa kwezinye iindidi, Ingakumbi kwimpahla yamalaphu aseAsia, ukunyuka kweendleko zothutho kube nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Ngokutsho komthumeli ngaphandle, ukunyuka okukhulu kwempahla kukhokelele ekuvalweni kwemizi-mveliso emininzi yempahla yamalaphu engabizi kakhulu. Ukulibaziseka kunye nokunqongophala kweekhonteyina kunyusa amazinga okuthutha. E-Asia, ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa kwempahla ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki, okunyanzela iinkampani ezininzi ukuba zithethe ngamaxabiso aphezulu nabathengi. Umcebisi wokuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina kwizibuko laseFelixstowe, e-UK, Ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eLos Angeles, Impahla yi-$0.66 ngesikhongozeli esingama-40ft, kwaye iindleko zokuthunyelwa ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eLos Angeles zingaphantsi kwe-$0.10. Ixabiso letikiti ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eMelbourne yi-$0.88, ixabiso letikiti lendiza ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eSantos yi-$0.75. Kukho isivumelwano sokuba, iikhonteyina ezingenanto kufuneka zithunyelwe zibuyiselwe eAsia, ukuze abathwali bakwazi ukuqhubeka neshishini labo. Iindlela zorhwebo ezivela eAsia ukuya eUnited States ziye zaba nenzuzo enkulu kangangokuba abathwali bade bathumele iikhonteyina eAsia ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba impahla ifike, ingakumbi xa amazibuko engekho. Ngenxa yeengxelo zokwanda kokuxinana kunye nokunqongophala kweekhonteyina kumazibuko amakhulu eTshayina, eli lizwe liqalile ukubiza intsebenziswano ukuze kufunyanwe iikhonteyina ezingaphezulu kunye nokuncitshiswa kweentlawulo zokuthutha. Kutshanje, imibutho yezibuko kunye neenqanawa ibizelwe ukuba isebenzisane nabathwali bamazwe ngamazwe ukujongana nokunqongophala kweekhonteyina. I-China Ports Association (CPHA) kunye ne-China Shipowners' Association (CSA) kufuneka banciphise impembelelo yokunqongophala kweekhonteyina ezibalulekileyo kurhwebo lwangaphandle, yatsho ingqungquthela ebibanjwe yiSebe lezoThutho. Ukubuyiselwa korhwebo okwaqala kunyaka ophelileyo kukhokelele ekunqongophaleni kweekhonteyina. Kodwa inkqubo ecothayo yokuthumela iikhonteyina ukusuka eMntla Melika ukuya eAsia ikwanegalelo ekungalinganini kwayo kwangoku. Kunyaka ophelileyo, sibhengeze amanyathelo okwandisa ukunikezelwa kweekhonteyina. Ngokutsho kwabezindaba, i-China Container Industry Association (CCIA) ikhuthaze abavelisi beekhonteyina zokuthumela ukuba bonyuse kakhulu imveliso. Ukusukela ngoSeptemba, imveliso yenyanga yeebhokisi ezisemgangathweni ezingama-300000 ifikelelwe ekunciphiseni ukunqongophala. Abavelisi beekhonteyina bandise iiyure zabo zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwiiyure ezili-11 ngosuku.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-12-2021