Kamora likhoeli tse fetang 9 tsa lipapali tse thata, ka la 24 Tšitoe, ka nako ea lehae, Brithani le European Union li fihletse tumellano ea khoebo ea Brexit ka molao. Tumellano ea maqephe a 1246 e bontša hore na ho seesaw ho matla hakae, empa ho molemo ho feta "Brexit e thata" e sa lumellaneng.Boloko ba Terminal e Tala, Lihokelo tsa Pcb le Lipontšo tsa Amber Masimo a hloka tlhokomelo.
Tonakholo ea Brithani Johnson o itse Palamente ea Brithani mabapi le moralo oa tumellano ea khoebo le European Union e tla voutoa ka la 30 Tšitoe.
Tumellano ea khoebo e felile
Ka la 26 Tšitoe, UK e lokollotse mongolo oa maqephe a 1246 oa tumellano ea khoebo ea Brexit le EU, e kenyeletsang, ho phaella litokomaneng tsa khoebo, litumellano mabapi le matla a nyutlelie, phapanyetsano ea tlhahisoleseling ea lekunutu, matla a nyutlelie a sechaba, le letoto la lipolelo tse kopanetsoeng.
Sengolwa sena se bitswang moralo wa Tumellano ya Kgwebo le Tshebedisano-mmoho ya EU-UK (Moralo wa Tumellano ya Kgwebo le Tshebedisano-mmoho ya EU-UK), se bolela hore kamora hore Brithani e tlohe mmarakeng o le mong wa EU, ho ke ke ha eba le mathata pakeng tsa mahlakore a mabedi a ke keng a ba tlasa ditefiso kapa dikotara. Khomishene ya Yuropa e itse tumellano ya kgwebo pakeng tsa EU le UK e tla ba lekgetho la lefela le kotara ya lefela.
Mongolo ona o kenyelletsa dihlomathiso tse ngata tse qaqileng, ho kenyeletswa le dipehelo tse mabapi le tshimollo, tlhapi, kgwebo ya veine, meriana, dikhemikhale le tshebedisano-mmoho ya data ya polokeho.
Brithani e saenetse tumellano ea khoebo e lokolohileng
Ha Brithani e le setho sa Kopano ea Europe, e nka karolo ka bo eona litumellanong tsa khoebo tse 40 le linaha kapa libaka tse fetang 70. Kamora Brexit, Brithani e ka buisana ka ho tsoela pele ka litumellano tsena. Tumellano efe kapa efe ea khoebo ea EU e seng e ntse e le teng e ke ke ea hlola e sebetsa ho Brithani kamora la 31 Tšitoe, 'me Brithani e tla hoeba ho latela melao ea WTO haeba e sa fihlelle tumellano ea linaha kapa libaka tsena.
Ho ya ka websaete ya mmuso wa Brithani, ditumellano tse 29 tse akaretsang dinaha kapa dibaka tse 58 di ntjhafaditswe mme di tla qala ho sebetsa ka la 1 Pherekgong kapa halofong ya pele ya 2021. Dinaha kapa dibaka tse ding tse 10 di ntse di buisanwa, empa boholo ba tsona tsa bohlokwa di phethilwe.
Asia, ka la 23 Mphalane, Brithani le Japane li saenetse tumellano ea khoebo e lokolohileng ea linaha tse peli, Ena ke tumellano ea pele e kholo ea khoebo e saennoeng ke Brithani kamora Brexit. Brithani e re, Tumellano ena e tla lokolla 99% ea thepa ea eona e romelloang kantle ho naha ho ea Japane, khoebo ea nako e telele ea Brithani le Japane e tla eketseha ka liponto tse libilione tse 15.2 ($19.9 bilione). Tumellano ena e tla boela e nolofalletse Brithani ho felisa butle-butle litefiso tsa likoloi tsa Japane, litefiso tsa likoloi tsa Japane e tla ba zero ka 2026. Tokisetso ena e tšoana le tumellano e Tumellanong ea Khoebo ea Japane-EU. Brithani e tšepa ho etsa kopo ea semmuso ea ho ba setho sa CPTPP ea litho tse 11, mathoasong a 2021 Japane ea amohela, 'me e tla fana ka tšehetso e hlokahalang ho UK.
La 10 Tšitoe, Tumellano ea khoebo e lokolohileng pakeng tsa Brithani le Singapore, 'Me e lumellane ho qala selemong se tlang," Lipuisano tsa Tumellano ea Moruo oa Dijithale oa UK-Singapore. Tlas'a tumellano, Likhamphani tsa Singapore le UK li tla fumana tšoaro e tšoanang e khethehileng joalo ka Tumellano ea Khoebo e Lokolohileng ea EU-Singapore (EUSFTA). Sena se kenyelletsa phihlello e se nang lekhetho ea khoebo ea thepa, phihlello e bonolo ea lits'ebeletso tsa bona le 'marakeng oa theko ea mmuso, Le ho fokotsa litšitiso tse seng tsa lekhetho ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, likoloi le likarolo tse amanang le tsona, lihlahisoa tsa meriana le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le matla a nchafatsoang. Kamora hore FTA ea UK-Singapore e qale ho sebetsa, Brithani e tla lokolla 84% ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea Singapore, Karolo e setseng ea 16 lekholong e lebelletsoe ho tlosoa ka la 21 Pulungoana 2024. Singapore e tla boloka lihlahisoa tsa hona joale tsa Brithani tse romelloang Singapore kalafo ea lefela la lekhetho.
La 11 Tšitoe, Tumellano ea khoebo e lokolohileng pakeng tsa Brithani le Vietnam, Joalokaha ho lumellanoe ka bobeli, Lilemong tse supileng tse tlang (2027), Pakeng tsa linaha tsena tse peli butle-butle ho tla fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa e kenang ka ntle ho naha ea 99%. Ha tumellano e se e kentsoe tšebetsong ka botlalo, Vietnam e tla fumana £114 milione ($151 milione) e le phokotso ea lekhetho la thepa e romeloang kantle ho naha. Brithani e tla boloka liponto tse limilione tse 36 ho thepa ea eona e romelloang kantle ho naha.
FTA ea morao-rao ea Brithani e na le Canada. Motlatsi oa Tonakholo ea Canada Freeland o phatlalalitse ka la 22 Tšitoe nakong ea lehae hore Canada le United Kingdom li saenetse tumellano ea nakoana ho qoba "Brexit e thata" ea Brithani e bakoang ke litaba tsa litefiso. Tumellano ena ha e le hantle e latela litaba tsa tumellano ea khoebo ea Canada le European Union, e sebetsang ka la 1 Pherekhong 2021. Hang ha linaha tse peli li buisana ka tumellano e ncha ea khoebo, tumellano ea nakoana e tla hlakoloa.
Temoso ea Khoebo ea Letsatsi la Selemo se Secha
Chaena e bile mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa thepa e kenang UK ka lekhetlo la pele kotareng ea bobeli, ho latela lintlha tse lokollotsoeng webosaeteng ea semmuso ea National Bureau of Statistics (ONS) kajeno. Ka lekhetlo la pele kotareng ea bobeli, UK e rekile thepa e ngata ho tsoa Chaena ho feta linaha tse ling tsohle tsa khoebo, ho boletse ONS. Kotareng ea bobeli, karolo ea UK ea thepa e tsoang Chaena e nyolohile ho tloha ho 8.6% kotareng ea pele ho ea ho 13.4% kotareng ea bobeli, ka thepa e kenang e fihlang liponto tse libilione tse 11, e le 'ngoe ho tse supileng tse tsoang Brithani e tsoa Chaena.
Karolong ea pele ea selemo sena, karolo e fetang kotara ea thepa ea elektronike le mechine ea Brithani e tsoang Chaena. UK thepa e tsoang Chaena, karolo ea lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki, lisebelisoa tsa molumo le lisebelisoa tsa ofisi le eona e phahame, e fetang 30%. Mokhoa ona o boetse o tsamaellana haholo le lintlha tse fetileng. Lipalopalo tsa nalane tsa ONS li bontša hore ka 2019, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, lisebelisoa tsa puisano, lisebelisoa tsa mechini ea ofisi, liaparo, thepa ea ka tlung le tse ling ke lihlopha tse ka sehloohong tsa lihlahisoa tse romelloang Chaena ke United Kingdom.
Jwalo ka ha ho boletswe ka hodimo, dinaha kapa dibaka tse se nang tumellano ya dinaha tse pedi le UK di tla hweba ho ya ka melao ya WTO kamora la 1 Pherekgong selemong se tlang.
Teko ea pele bakeng sa barekisi ba kantle ho naha ba Chaena e tsoa ho setifikeiti.
Brithani e tla sebelisa setifikeiti sa British Conformity Assessment (UKCA) semmuso ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekhong 2021. Letšoao la UKCA ke letšoao le lecha la sehlahisoa sa UK le tla sebelisoa bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse rekisoang 'marakeng oa UK (England, Wales le Scotland), le akaretsang boholo ba thepa e neng e hloka letšoao la CE. Letšoao la UKCA ha le sebetse ho thepa e rekisoang 'marakeng oa Leboea la Ireland.
Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha letshwao la UKCA la Borithane, tlhoko ya pele ya setifikeiti sa CE sa dihlahiswa tse romellwang kantle ho Yuropa le United Kingdom e tla hloka setifikeiti sa CE le UKCA, tse ka bang le tshusumetso e kgolo hodima ditjeo tsa dihlahiswa tsa kgwebo, di hloka ho tshwenyeha haholo.
Ho phaella moo, ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore tlas'a tsamaiso ea mantlha ea lekhetho e kopaneng ea European Union, thepa e kenang le e tsoang European Union ha e hloke mekhoa e pheta-phetoang ea ho hlakola lekhetho la lekhetho le mekhoa ea lekhetho. Kamora Brexit, Brithani le European Union e tla ba sistimi e ikemetseng ea ts'ebetso ea lekhetho la lekhetho, 'me ho hlakola lekhetho la thepa ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli ho tla ba thata haholo ho feta pele.
Khamphani ea ho romella thepa ONE e ntšitse tsebiso mabapi le lintlha tsa phatlalatso ea ts'ireletso e amanang le Brexit: thepa eohle e kenang le e romelloang United Kingdom, e fetang United Kingdom, ENS e tlameha ho romeloa. Thepa e ka sekepeng UK, ENS e tlameha ho romeloa lihora tse 48 pele ho sekepe. Ho feta moo, UK Customs e thehile sethala sa polokeho le ts'ireletso (S&S) bakeng sa ho amohela tlhahisoleseling ea ENS. Ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekhong 2021, British Customs e tla tsoela pele ho hloka polelo ea ENS ea thepa eohle e tsoang kantle ho European Union bakeng sa ho laolla le ho fetisetsa thepa likoung tsa Brithani. Ho tloha ka la 1 Phupu 2021, thepa e tsoang ka hare ho EU ho ea United Kingdom (ntle le Ireland Leboea) e hloka ho qobelloa polelo ea ENS.
Ka kopo ela hloko hape khoebo ea inthanete e tšelang meeli, linaheng tsa Europe moo ho nang le mesebetsi ea moruo, haholo-holo likhoebo tsa khoebo tsa ho kenya le ho romela kantle ho naha, nomoro ea ngoliso ea EORI e hlokahalang (ngoliso ea moetsi oa moruo le nomoro ea boitsebiso- Ngoliso le Boitsebiso ba Basebelisi ba Moruo). Hang ha UK e se e le kantle ho Europe ka molao, nomoro ea EORI qalong ea GB ea UK e tla fela EU. Haeba u batla ho ba 'marakeng oa EU oa UK, u hloka nomoro ea EORI le nomoro ea EORI ea EU, e leng palo e felletseng ea linomoro tse peli tsa EORI.
Lekgetho la Brithani le phatlalalitse hore phetoho ea lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea Brithani e tla qala ka la 1 Pherekhong 2021. Litlhoko tse ikhethileng ke tsena:
VAT e lefshwa bakeng sa thepa yohle e tswang kantle ho naha eo boleng ba yona bo phatlaladitsweng bo leng ka tlase ho 135(VAT). Molao o motjha wa lekgetho o tlosa tokollo ya lekgetho ya pele bakeng sa thepa e nyane e tswang kantle ho naha, ke hore, thepa e nang le boleng bo phatlaladitsweng bo sa feteng 15, mme jwale hape e hloka ho lefa lekgetho la boleng bo ekeditsweng ka sekgahla sa lekgetho sa 20.
Ha thepa eohle e kentsweng UK e le dikgwebo, nomoro ya boitsebiso ba ngodiso ya mosebedisi wa moruo wa moamohedi (nomoro ya EORI) le nomoro ya VAT (nomoro ya VAT) di a hlokeha. Nomoro ya EU EORI e ke ke ya hlola e sebetsa kgwebong ya ho kenya le ho romela thepa kantle ho naha ya UK.
Haeba moamoheli e le sethala sa khoebo ea inthanete (OMPs), sethala sa khoebo ea inthanete se tla ikarabella bakeng sa pokello le tlaleho ea VAT. VAT ho thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e rekisitsoeng ka kotloloho ho bareki ba Brithani UK e tla tsoela pele ho baloa ke barekisi ba mose ho maoatle ntle le ho nka karolo ha liforomo tsa khoebo ea inthanete (OMP); Bakeng sa thepa e rometsoeng mose ho maoatle le e rekisetsoang ka kotloloho ho baamoheli ba Brithani ntle le ho nka karolo ha liforomo tsa khoebo ea inthanete (OMP), barekisi ba mose ho maoatle ba tla tlameha ho ngolisa basebetsi ba moruo ka linomoro tsa boitsebiso (nomoro ea EORI) le linomoro tsa VAT (nomoro ea VAT) le ho lefa VAT ho British Customs (HMRC). Haeba moreki oa khoebo a na le ngoliso ea VAT UK 'me nomoro ea ngoliso ea VAT e sebetsang e fuoa morekisi, VAT e tla baloa ka tefiso e khutlelang morao ea moreki.
Molao o mocha oa lekhetho ha o sebetse ho litšebelisano tse seng tsa khoebo tse kenyeletsang thepa ea lekhetho (lisakerete, joala) kapa batho ka bomong, ba sebelisang melao e seng e ntse e le teng, eo lintlha tsa eona li bontšitsoeng ke Lekhetho la Lekhetho la Brithani.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-04-2021