Mushure memwedzi inopfuura mipfumbamwe yemitambo yakaoma, musi wa24 Zvita, panguva yemuno, Britain neEuropean Union vakasvika pachibvumirano chekutengeserana cheBrexit. Chibvumirano ichi chine mapeji 1246 chinoratidza kuti dambudziko rekusawirirana rakasimba sei, asi riri nani pane "Brexit yakaoma" isingabvumiranwe.Chivharo cheGreen Terminal, Zvinobatanidza zvePCB uye Zviratidziri zveAmber Munda unoda kutariswa.
Mutungamiriri weBritain Johnson akati Dare reParamende reBritain pachirongwa chekutengeserana neEuropean Union richavhoterwa musi wa30 Zvita.
Chibvumirano chekutengeserana chapera
Musi wa26 Zvita, UK yakaburitsa gwaro rine mapeji 1246 rechibvumirano chekutengeserana cheBrexit neEU, icho chinosanganisira, pamusoro pemagwaro ekutengeserana, zvibvumirano pamusoro pesimba renyukireya, kuchinjana ruzivo rwakavanzika, simba renyukireya revanhu, pamwe nemashoko akawanda akabatanidzwa.
Chinonzi chibvumirano cheEU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (Draft EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement), zvinoreva kuti mushure mekunge Britain yabuda mumusika mumwe chete weEU, hapana pakati pemativi maviri achave nematambudziko emitero kana quota. European Commission yakati chibvumirano chekutengeserana pakati peEU neUK chichava zero tariff uye zero quota.
Rugwaro urwu runosanganisira zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvine ruzivo rwakadzama, kusanganisira zvakanyorwa pamusoro pekwakabva, hove, kutengeserana kwewaini, mishonga, makemikari uye kushandira pamwe kwedata rekuchengetedza.
Britain yasaina chibvumirano chekutengeserana kwemahara
Kana Britain iri nhengo yeEuropean Union, inozotora chikamu muzvibvumirano zvekutengeserana makumi mana nenyika kana matunhu anopfuura makumi manomwe. Mushure meBrexit, Britain inogona kutaurirana kuti zvibvumirano izvi zvienderere mberi. Chero chibvumirano chekutengeserana cheEU chiripo hachizoshande kuBritain mushure me31 Zvita, uye Britain ichatengeserana zvichienderana nemitemo yeWTO kana ikasasvika pachibvumirano chenyika mbiri idzi kana matunhu aya.
Sekureva kwewebsite yehurumende yeBritain, zvibvumirano makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe zvinofukidza nyika kana matunhu makumi mashanu nemasere zvavandudzwa uye zvichatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira kana hafu yekutanga ya2021. Dzimwe nyika gumi kana matunhu dziri kutaurirana, asi ruzhinji rwezvakakosha rwapera.
MuAsia, musi wa23 Gumiguru, Britain neJapan dzakasaina chibvumirano chekutengeserana kwemahara, ichi ndicho chibvumirano chekutanga chikuru chekutengeserana chakasainwa neBritain mushure meBrexit. Britain inoti, Chibvumirano ichi chichabvisa 99% yezvinhu zvainotumira kuJapan, kutengeserana kwenguva refu kweBritain neJapan kuchawedzera ne15.2 bhiriyoni mapaundi ($19.9 bhiriyoni). Chibvumirano ichi chichagonesawo Britain kubvisa zvishoma nezvishoma mitero yemotokari dzeJapan, mitero yemotokari dzeJapan ichave zero panosvika 2026. Chibvumirano ichi chakafanana nechibvumirano chiri muChibvumirano cheKutengeserana cheJapan-EU. Britain inotarisira kunyorera zviri pamutemo kuva nhengo muCPTPP ine nhengo gumi neimwe, kutanga kwa2021 Japan inogamuchira, uye ichapa rutsigiro rwakakosha kuUK.
10 Zvita, Chibvumirano chekutengeserana kwemahara pakati peBritain neSingapore, Uye chakabvumirana kutanga gore rinouya," UK-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement "hurukuro. Pasi pechibvumirano, Makambani muSingapore neUK achagamuchira kubatwa kwakafanana neEU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (EUSFTA). Izvi zvinosanganisira mukana wekutengeserana zvinhu pasina mutero, kuwana zviri nyore masevhisi avo uye kumusika wekutenga wehurumende, Uye kuderedza zvipingamupinyi zvisiri zvemitero mumagetsi, mota nezvimwe zvikamu zvine chekuita nazvo, zvigadzirwa zvemishonga nemidziyo yekurapa uye simba rinodzokororwa. Mushure mekunge UK-Singapore FTA yatanga kushanda, Britain ichabvisa 84% yezvinhu zvinopinzwa muSingapore, 16 muzana yasara inotarisirwa kubviswa musi wa21 Mbudzi 2024. Singapore icharamba iine zvigadzirwa zveBritish zviri kutumirwa kuSingapore zvisina mutero.
11 Zvita, Chibvumirano chekutengeserana kwemahara pakati peBritain neVietnam, Sezvakabvumiranwa nevese, Mumakore manomwe anotevera (2027), Pakati penyika mbiri idzi pachadzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma mutengo wezvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva kunze kwenyika zvinosvika 99%. Kana chibvumirano ichi chaitwa zvizere, Vietnam ichawana £114 miriyoni ($151 miriyoni) yekurerutsirwa kwemitero yekutengesera kunze kwenyika. Britain ichachengetedza mapaundi mamiriyoni makumi matatu nematanhatu pamitengo yayo yekutengesera kunze kwenyika.
Chibvumirano chekupedzisira cheBritain cheFTA chiri neCanada. Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weCanada Freeland akazivisa musi wa22 Zvita panguva yemuno kuti Canada neUnited Kingdom vasaina chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chekudzivirira "Brexit yakaoma" yeBritain inokonzerwa nematambudziko emitero. Chibvumirano ichi chinotevera zviri muchibvumirano chekutengeserana cheCanada neEuropean Union, chinotanga kushanda muna Ndira 1, 2021. Kana nyika mbiri idzi dzataurirana chibvumirano chitsva chekutengeserana, chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chichabviswa.
Ziviso Yekutengeserana Kwezuva Regore Idzva
China ndiyo yakava nyika huru muUK inotenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kekutanga muchikamu chechipiri chegore, zvichienderana nedata rakaburitswa pawebhusaiti yepamutemo yeNational Bureau of Statistics (ONS) nhasi. Kekutanga muchikamu chechipiri chegore, UK yakatenga zvinhu zvakawanda kubva kuChina kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzese dzekutengeserana, ONS yakadaro. Muchikamu chechipiri chegore, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kubva kuChina muUK hwakawedzera kubva pa8.6 muzana muchikamu chekutanga kusvika pa13.4 muzana muchikamu chechipiri chegore, nemutengo wezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika wakasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nerimwe emapaunzi, chimwe chete pazvinomwe zvinotengeswa kuBritain chichibva kuChina.
Muhafu yekutanga yegore rino, zvinopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina chezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi zvekuBritain zvakabva kuChina. MuUK zvinotengwa kubva kuChina, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, michina yeaudio nemidziyo yehofisi hwakakwirawo, hunopfuura 30 muzana. Maitiro aya anowiriranawo zvakanyanya nedata rekare. Nhamba dzenhoroondo dzeONS dzinoratidza kuti muna 2019, michina yemagetsi, michina yekutaurirana, michina yemuhofisi, mbatya, fenicha nezvimwewo ndizvo zvikamu zvikuru zvezvigadzirwa zvakatengwa kubva kuChina neUnited Kingdom.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, nyika kana matunhu asina chibvumirano chekudyidzana neUK achatengeserana zvichienderana nemitemo yeWTO mushure meNdira 1 gore rinouya.
Bvunzo yekutanga yevatengesi vekuChina inobva pakupihwa zvitupa.
Britain ichashandisa zviri pamutemo chiratidzo cheBritish conformity Assessment (UKCA) kubva muna Ndira 1, 2021. Chiratidzo cheUKCA chiratidzo chitsva chechigadzirwa cheUK chichashandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa mumusika weUK (England, Wales neScotland), icho chinofukidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvaimboda chiratidzo cheCE. Chiratidzo cheUKCA hachishande kune zvinhu zvinotengeswa pamusika weNorthern Ireland.
Kuiswa kwechiratidzo cheBritish UKCA, kudiwa kwekutanga kweCE certification yezvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kuEuropean Union neUnited Kingdom zvinoda CE neUKCA certification, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemabhizinesi, zvinofanira kutariswa zvakanyanya.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pasi pehurongwa hwekutanga hweEuropean Union hwakabatana hwekubhadhara zvinhu, zvinhu zvinopinda nekubuda muEuropean Union hazvidi kudzokororwa kwekubhadhara zvinhu uye nzira dzemitero. Mushure meBrexit, Britain neEuropean Union dzichava nehurongwa hwakazvimirira hwekubhadhara zvinhu, uye kubhadharwa kwezvinhu kuburikidza nemativi ese kuchave kwakaoma kupfuura kare.
Kambani yekutumira zvinhu ONE yaburitsa chiziviso pamusoro peBrexit ine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu: zvinhu zvese zvinopinzwa nekutumirwa kuUnited Kingdom, zvinofambiswa nepakati peUnited Kingdom, ENS zvinofanirwa kutumirwa. Zvinhu zviri muchikepe muUK, ENS zvinofanirwa kutumirwa maawa makumi mana nemasere ngarava isati yasvika. Uyezve, UK Customs yakagadzira puratifomu yekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza (S&S) yekugamuchira ruzivo rweENS. Kubva muna Ndira 1, 2021, British Customs icharamba ichida kuti ENS inyore magwaro ezvinhu zvese zvinobva kunze kweEuropean Union kuti zviburutswe uye zvitakuriswe pazviteshi zveBritish. Kubva muna Chikunguru 1, 2021, zvinhu zvinobva mukati meEU kuenda kuUnited Kingdom (kunze kweNorthern Ireland) zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa magwaro eENS.
Ndapota cherechedzaiwo nezvekutengeserana kwepamhepo, munyika dzeEurope uko kune mabasa ehupfumi, kunyanya mabhizinesi ekutumira nekutumira kunze, nhamba yekunyoresa yeEORI inodiwa (kunyoresa kwevashandi vehupfumi nenhamba yekuzivikanwa- Kunyoresa kweVashandi vehupfumi neKuzivikanwa). Kana UK yabuda muEurope zviri pamutemo, nhamba yeEORI pakutanga kweUK GB ichapera muEU. Kana uchida kuva mumusika weEU weUK, unoda nhamba yeEORI nenhamba yeEORI yeEU, nhamba mbiri dzeEORI.
Sangano reBritish Customs rakazivisa kuti kugadziriswa kwemitero yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muBritain kuchatanga musi wa1 Ndira 2021. Zvinodiwa chaizvo ndeizvi:
VAT inobhadharwa kune zvese zvinopinzwa munyika zvine kukosha kwakaziviswa kuri pasi pe 135(VAT). Mutemo mutsva wemitero unobvisa kusabhadhara mutero kwekutanga kwezvinhu zvidiki zvinopinzwa munyika, kureva kuti, zvinhu zvine kukosha kwakaziviswa kusingapfuure 15, uye ikozvino zvinofanirwawo kubhadhara mutero wekuwedzera mutengo pamutengo we20.
Kana zvinhu zvese zvinopinzwa muUK zviri zvemabhizinesi, nhamba yekuzivikanwa kwemugamuchiri wezvehupfumi (nhamba yeEORI) uye nhamba yeVAT (nhamba yeVAT) zvinodiwa. Nhamba yeEU EORI haizoshande kubhizinesi rekutumira nekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika reUK.
Kana mugamuchiri ari e-commerce platform (OMPs), e-commerce platform ndiyo ichava nebasa rekuunganidza nekuverengera VAT. VAT pazvinhu zvakatengeswa zvakananga kuvatengi vekuBritain muUK icharamba ichiverengerwa nevatengesi vekune dzimwe nyika vasina kutora chikamu kwemapuratifomu e-commerce (OMP); Pazvinhu zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika uye zvinotengeswa zvakananga kune vanogamuchira vekuBritain vasina kutora chikamu kwemapuratifomu e-commerce (OMP), vatengesi vekune dzimwe nyika vachafanirwa kunyoresa vashandi vehupfumi vane nhamba dzekuzivikanwa (EORI nhamba) uye nhamba dzeVAT (VAT nhamba) uye kubhadhara VAT kuBritish Customs (HMRC). Kana mutengi wekutengesa akanyoresa VAT muUK uye nhamba yekunyoresa yeVAT inoshanda ikapihwa kumutengesi, VAT ichaverengerwa kuburikidza nemuripo wemutengi.
Mutemo mutsva wemitero haushande pakutengeserana kusiri kwekutengeserana kunosanganisira zvinhu zvinotengeswa nemutengo wekunze (fodya, doro) kana vanhu vega, izvo zvinoshandisa mitemo iripo, iyo ruzivo rwayo rwunoratidzwa neBritish Customs.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-04-2021