Idivayisi ye-logic eyinkimbinkimbi ehlelekayo (CPLD) iyisici esibalulekile sehadiwe ohlwini lwakho. Njengoba igama lisikisela, ungahlela lawa ma-chip ukuze unikeze imisebenzi ye-logic oyidingayo. Lokhu kungaba ukufaka esikhundleni sama-chip aphelelwe yisikhathi, noma nje indlela yokufunda nokuzama ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile. Iyiphi indlela engcono yokufunda kunokusebenzisa i-CPLD bese uyizama?
Ngidale imojuli ye-CPLD ukuze ngikwazi ukuyixhuma ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa namabhodi esinkwa angenaso i-solder, kodwa ngenze iphutha. Kubonakala sengathi isikhala esitholakalayo se-plug-in ebhodini lesinkwa elingenaso i-solder singamasentimitha angu-1.1. Ngenze indawo yonyawo yaba yi-intshi engu-1 ububanzi, kungashiyi ndawo yomugqa wezintambo ezinhlangothini zombili. Uh.
Kodwa ake ngiphinde ngibonise okwengeziwe ngalokho engikwenzayo, ngifuna ukwenza i-logic ehlelekile engakhiwa njengekhithi, engashintshwa kalula ekhaya, engahlelwa ngesekethe, futhi engasebenza kuma-volts angu-3.3 noma angu-5.
Ukuze ngithole ikhithi elula ukuyithengisa, ngisebenzise ingxenye endala ye-CPLD, etholakala futhi ezinguqulweni ze-3.3v kanye ne-5v, futhi izogcina uhlelo lwayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luyini ugesi. I-logic ngokwayo iyi-CPLD IC evela ochungechungeni lwe-Altera Max, etholakala ezinguqulweni ezimbili, efanelekile kumabhodi wesekethe anama-macrocell angu-32 noma angu-64. Ama-macrocell ayizakhi zokwakha eziyisisekelo ezihlelwe kusetshenziswa "amagama" anengqondo bese exhunywa namanye ama-macrocell ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana okuhleliwe.
Uma ubheka i-schematic, ungabona ukuthi ayinakho okuqukethwe okuningi: ngokuyisisekelo i-CPLD, isekethe yokuhlela ye-in-circuit kanye ne-oscillator eqhuba i-logic ye-CPLD.
Le ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi i-EPM7032 kanye ne-EPM7064, kusetshenziswa i-plastic lead chip carrier (PLCC) enamaphini angu-44, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-J lead ngenxa yesimo sika-J se-lead lead. Leli phakethe lingafakwa kusokhethi elidlula emgodini noma lifakwe ngqo kwi-PCB.
Iqukethe i-oscillator esebhodini, ngakho-ke i-CPLD ingenza imisebenzi ngendlela ehlelekile futhi idale ama-counter asheshayo yodwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sewashi langaphandle. Uma iwashi langaphandle litholakala, iwashi lesivinini esiphezulu kumojuli lingasetshenziswa ukudala umcimbi wewashi kunqenqema ngalunye olukhuphukayo noma oluwayo lwewashi langaphandle, futhi lisalandela iziqondiso ze-CPLD/FPGA, okungukuthi, kufanele usebenzise inethiwekhi yewashi lomhlaba wonke yangaphakathi esikhundleni se-"Asynchronous" eqhuba okokufaka kwewashi. I-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla elinganisiwe yale oscillator iphakathi kwama-volts angu-1.8 no-5.5.
Uma ubukela ividiyo, uzobona ukuthi ngixoxa ngezintandokazi zami zokuphatha iphinikhodi ethi "INH" ku-oscillator; kalula nje, ngemva kokuhlola ukuthi ishidi lemininingwane lisemthethweni, ngivame ukulivumela ukuthi lintante.
Lapho ngibhekene nemisebenzi enjalo, izizathu ezangivelela engqondweni zazihlanganisa ukungathandi kwami ukuxhuma amaphini okufaka ngqo kuma-power rails (uma kungenzeka). Okusho ukuthi, ngithanda ukusebenzisa ama-resistors ochungechunge ukuze nginciphise ugesi ngesikhathi sama-transient, noma ngabe akufanele udingeke.
Eminyakeni edlule, ngibone izinkinga ezithile ekukhiqizweni (amaqoqo amakhulu), futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinto ezifana nokushintshashintsha kwamandla zingenza amaphini axhunywe ngqo ku-power rail abe ne-voltage ephezulu kune-chip uqobo, okuyinto embi. Okokugcina, xhuma iphini ku-power rail ngokusebenzisa i-resistor (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-power noma i-ground), futhi abantu bangashintsha umqondo wabo basebenzise iphini kamuva. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ngeminyango engasetshenziswanga, cishe uyazi ukuthi le minyango akufanele ishiywe intanta noma ingaxhunyiwe. Ngokusebenzisa i-resistor yokudonsa, ungaxhuma isignali bese usebenzisa isango ngaphandle kokusika imikhondo yethusi.
Isixhumi esinamaphini ayi-10 kanye nama-resistor ambalwa akha isekethe yokuhlela. Uma wonke ama-resistor eyizi-resistors zokudonsa, ngingasebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-resistor, kodwa ngeshwa, eyodwa iqinile.
Ukuze uhlele i-CPLD ezimele kangaka, kudingeka umhleli wezinhlelo ozinikele. Kulula kimi ukusho lokhu, ngoba ngivame ukuba nezimbalwa ezilele eduze kwami, kodwa uma ungenayo, ngeke kube buhlungu kakhulu ukungena emdlalweni. I-"Altera USB Blaster" evunyelwe ithengiswa ngo-$50 futhi ingathengwa kwaDigikey nakwezinye izindawo. Nginama-clone amaningana avela ku-Ebay, elinye lawo eliyi-clone esekela i-Altera, i-Xilinx kanye ne-Lattice ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kukhona iphrojekthi nekhodi ku-inthanethi engasetshenziswa ukwenza i-clone yakho, ngizoyibeka ohlwini lwami lwamavidiyo angenzeka ephrojekthi yokwenza ama-clone e-programmer. Ngizophinde ngibonise umklamo wesihlangu lapho i-motherboard, i-Arduino, i-PIC, njll. ingahlelwa khona.
Isofthiwe edingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kuhlelwe i-CPLD itholakala mahhala kwa-Altera, kodwa le ngxenye endala idinga inguqulo endala engu-9.1. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kwakuyinguqulo endala engiyithandayo. Yayine-automatic timing analyzer, kodwa yasuswa enguqulweni yakamuva.
I-PCB iwumklamo olula onezinhlangothi ezimbili, uma nje ibhodi lesifunda liyifanela, ngivame ukusebenzisa ithusi ukuze ngifake isisekelo futhi ngezinye izikhathi nginikeze ugesi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthulula kuba yinkinga kangangokuthi empeleni kungabangela izinkinga noma imiphumela yokuphela engahlelekile, ngakho ukuthulula ithusi futhi kuyithuluzi, kodwa kudinga ukuphathwa.
Namuhla, amaphakheji amaningi esofthiwe ye-CAD (uma kungewona amaningi) aqukethe ukubukwa kwe-3D komkhiqizo wokugcina, yize ukunemba kwezithombe kunembile kuphela njengamamodeli e-3D asetshenziswa ukumela izingxenye. Lapha ungabona lapho ngikhethe khona imodeli ye-3D yesokhethi enamaphini angu-44, isixhumi sokuhlela, kanye ne-oscillator. Nazi ezinye amaphakheji e-3D engithanda ukuwasebenzisa:
Izinkampani eziningi nazo zinamamodeli e-3D ezingxenye zazo. I-Molex iyisibonelo esisodwa nje senkampani eyenze umsebenzi omuhle kule ndawo.
Iphutha engilenzile alithinti umsebenzi njengobuhle, futhi akuyona inkinga eyinhloko, okungukuthi, alifaneleki ebhodini elilodwa elingenasoda.
Lapho sengicabanga ukuthi ngingabelana ngalo mklamo nanoma ubani, angizange ngineliseke ngokushesha ngezimpawu ze-CPLD kanye ne-pinout yesixhumi esine-pin engu-40, okuyi-footprint yaso iyonke. Ngithathe uphawu lwesixhumi esinemigqa emibili esine-pin engu-40 futhi ngasilungisa saba yi-footprint engu-1 intshi, kodwa izinombolo ze-pin azikho ku-1, 2, 3, 4... kodwa zinomboro ongu-1 ohlangothini njengephakheji ye-DIP 3, 5, 7... njengezixhumi zekhebula leribhoni. Ngakho-ke, kuyi-footprint engeyona enembile yokunquma ukuthi ungaxhuma kanjani kumojuli kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga.
Ngokufanayo, izabelo zephinikhodi ye-CPLD ziyadida kancane, futhi ngisebenzise isethi yezinsiza ezithembele kuLimi Lokuchazwa Kwesikena Somngcele (i-BSDL) ukudala izimpawu. Abathengisi abaningi abakhulu banamafayela e-BSDL atholakalayo ezingxenyeni zawo ezijwayelekile, okukuvumela ukuthi (ngokuzenzakalelayo) udale izimpawu namaphakheji. Njenganoma yikuphi ukwenza okuzenzakalelayo, kudinga ukubonwa njengethuluzi futhi kungadinga ukubhucungwa okwengeziwe ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Kulokhu, ngikuvumela ukuthi kufakwe amaphinikhodi ngokulandelana kwama-alfabhethi, okucishe kube ngokungahleliwe lapho kulandelwa amaphini ebhodini. Ngingasho nje ukuthi ngangikhathazekile kakhulu ngalolo suku.
Ukhokhela lezi zinqamuleli ngesikhathi esithile endleleni. Uma ngizoshintsha le module, ngizoyinquma futhi ngiyinike indawo yephini ehambisana nengxenye ngokwayo, ukuze ukwazi ukuthi uzoyibeka kuphi i-oscilloscope probe yakho kulula njengokubheka uphawu lweskimu.
Uma usebenzisa amabhodi wesekethe, kunezinye izinto ezithuthukisayo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekubukekeni noma eziwusizo. Isikhombisi sephini 1 sidinga ukuvame kakhulu emaphaketheni amaningana, futhi ngihlala ngithanda indawo elula yomhlabathi yokuxhuma i-oscilloscope ground noma i-VOM lead. Ngingangeza lokhu ngokungeza isixhumi esinamaphini amabili ukuze amandla nomhlabathi kusetshenziswe ngqo ebhodini esikhundleni sokuboshelwa kumaphini angezansi.
Ngaphambi kokuthi ngishintshe ibhodi yesekethe, ngifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezinkinga zomzimba nezobuhle. Ngemva kokuvula nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-oscillator isebenza kahle, ngixhume i-programmer. Nakuba inguqulo ye-3.3v iyintsha kunesofthiwe yokuhlela, ithole i-CPLD futhi yayibonisa njengedivayisi "engaziwa".
Okulandelayo, ngakha ikhawunta nge-Quartus ngabeka izinombolo zephini. Ukuhlanganisa nokulanda okusheshayo kanye nomsebenzi wekhawunta obonwa yi-oscilloscope kuqinisekisa ukuthi umklamo uyenzeka.
Isekethe yokuhlola esheshayo ku-Verilog ilula kakhulu. Ikhodi ibhalwe ngezansi. Ungalanda ifayela le-ZIP eliqukethe isekethe yokuhlola ye-schematic kanye ne-Verilog njengephrojekthi ye-Quartus II (idinga inguqulo 9.1).
Njengoba ngishilo, ngizokwenza ukubuyekezwa kwesibili kwebhodi lesifunda ukuze nginake kakhulu imininingwane edingekayo lapho ngabelana ngomklamo noma ngenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxazulula izinkinga. Njengoba ngidinga ukusetha ububanzi besixhumi esingezansi sibe ngamasentimitha angu-0.9 noma ngaphansi, ngingaqhubeka nokusibeka sibe ngamasentimitha angu-0.6, okuyiphakheji ejwayelekile ye-DIP "ebanzi". Ukwenza lokhu kusho ukuvumela amaphini angezansi avele ku-CPLD socket footprint. Bengingeke ngikwenze lokhu esimweni sokukhiqiza ngoba yayihlanganiswe ngesandla ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa omunye wemigomo kwakuwukwenza ikhithi yokugoqa ngesandla. Isivumelwano sokugoqa ngesandla ukuthi i-oscillator idinga ukuba sendlwini ye-SMD surface mount, inguqulo yembobo edlulayo inkulu kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ayisekeli ububanzi be-voltage engiyifunayo.
Kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa lawa mamojula ukwakha ikhompyutha elula ephelele? Ngicabanga ukuthi ngidinga ukwengeza inkumbulo.
Lol...yebo, kuncike kuhlobo luni lwekhompyutha. Kodwa-ke, ama-microcontroller/ama-microcomputer "angempela" athintwa "ukubophana kwephini" kwemodyuli, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola amagama anele avela kumodyuli ukuze wenze noma yini ewusizo kakhulu.
Ngenze isilawuli sesikhathi sekhamera ye-NTSC esiphelele kanye nemodi enosayizi ongu-64, ngakho-ke akudingeki iprosesa.
I-Structural Verilog kanye ne-HDL ezisetshenziswe encwadini ethi Nand to Tetris zifana kakhulu.
Kungani izingxenye ezimbobo zingena? Ukushisela i-0805 kulula! Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuba wonke umuntu osebenza ngobuchwepheshe afunde leli khono.
Uma ngenza isokhethi ephezulu ilingane namaphini asongiwe kusukela phansi, khona-ke ngingasebenzisa "izikhungo ezi-6 (ukulingisa i-chip enamaphini angu-40) noma i-diagonal, njll. Lokhu kuzoba izingxenye zokusongeka ngesandla kuphela zokusongeka phansi. Isokhethi ephezulu ngemuva kwezinyawo.
Kodwa kunzima ngabaqalayo ukuyihlanganisa kusukela phansi. Uma ngihlanganisa ama-header e-solder e-PCB yebhodi lokubhaka (lawa mabhodi e-adaptha e-SMD ashibhile ongawasebenzisa ku-eBay angasetshenziswa ukwenza i-prototyping), ngifaka ama-header ebhodini lokubhaka, bese ngifaka i-PCB kulo, bese ngikwazi ukuhlanganisa kalula. Ifaneleka kakhulu kumabhodi okubhaka. Uma udinga ukuyihlanganisa kusukela phansi, kunzima nakakhulu.
Uma i-CPLD iphakathi nendawo (kungaba lula ukuyixhumanisa ngentambo), ingafakwa ngokuphambene ngaphandle kokugqagqana, kunemigqa emi-4, noma i-CPLD ingaba ohlangothini olulodwa:
Ngiyabonga ngethiphu yokufaka isixhumi ebhodini lokubhaka ngaphambi kokusinamathisela nge-solder. Esami asizinzile kancane.
Kuthiwani ngezikhonkwane zebhodi lokubhaka isinkwa lefomethi ye-DIP kolunye uhlangothi kanye nohlobo "lwe-dongle" lwesokhethi le-chip ngokwalo kolunye uhlangothi? I-chip ingalengiswa kolunye uhlangothi lwebhodi lokubhaka. Indlela yokuqondisa izoba nzima.
|###### ********************** |. Yebo, nginqume ukusebenzisa inguqulo "yamahhala" ka-Altera, njengoba nje i-Xilinx ne-Lattice zinezinguqulo "zamahhala". Ngidinga ukuqeda umjikelezo no-Al Williams ukuze ngiqonde ukuthi konke ukwesekwa okuvulekile kusekela ini, okumele kufake izimfanelo ezithile zochungechunge lwamadivayisi. Nokho, ngenze okuningi ngenguqulo yamahhala.
Yebo, ubonisa ukuthi i-CPLD iyahambisana namaphini ngikholwa. Uma ngiyilandela kahle, lokhu kungase kubukeke njengo-rev 2. Lapho ngiklama ukukhiqizwa (ngobuningi), ngihlala ngingezwani nesinyathelo "sokuhlanganiswa kwe-solder ngesandla" ngoba ziyahambisana (empeleni amaphini e-solder ohlangothini olungeyona ingxenye). ) Sekuvele kuyi-soldered part) kodwa lokhu kumane kuyikhithi encane, hhayi umklamo ogxile ekukhiqizeni. Nginemikhuba ethile okunzima ukuyilahla ngineminyaka yami. 
Ngicabanga ukuthi ibhodi yesekethe enomumo we-T ene-CPLD kanye nezingxenye ezingasebenzi ezinengxenye ebanzi enomumo we-T izoba usizo kakhulu uma ilenga onqenqemeni lwebhodi lesinkwa. Into efana ne-Adafruit RasPi T-Cobbler (http://www.adafruit.com/products/2028). Lokhu kuzokwenza indawo enkulu yebhodi lesinkwa itholakale.
Ngeshwa, ukuyekiswa kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumaphrojekthi aseceleni, njengawo wonke lawo majeneretha omsebenzi asekelwe ku-XR2206 kanye ne-ICL8038.
Umbono othakazelisayo. Ngithanda lawa ma-chip amabili. I-CPLD ayiphelelwe yisikhathi, iyindlela eshibhile yokuyithenga nge-3.3v.
Ngokuphathelene "nobuwula" bakho... awuzange wenze isakhiwo esisha sokusibeka ebhodini lokufaka isinkwa. Vele ubeke ucingo ebhodini lokufaka isinkwa kuqala, bese ubeka i-cpld ocingweni. Noma, uma ungakwazi ukudonsa iziqeshana zamandla kanye nezinsimbi zomhlabathi kwenye yazo, sebenzisa amabhodi okufaka isinkwa amabili.
Mayelana ne-Altium ne-Eagle. Uke wacabanga nge-KiCad? Ayinawo umkhawulo wokuthi ukhetha i-Altium kune-Eagle, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo idala amaphutha e-DRC kuzo zonke izikhonkwane ezingaxhunywanga. Uma ufuna ngempela ukuvula iphinikhodi, kufanele uyitshele. (Mhlawumbe kuphela okokufaka, hhayi okokukhipha, futhi akukahlolwa). Esinye isici esihle ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukusifunda. Kuthathe intambama eyodwa kuphela, futhi incwadi yokufundisa enhle kakhulu yangisiza ngaqala.
Ngithanda i-smd (ingxenye enkulu) ngaphezu kwembobo edlulayo. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Akudingeki uphendule i-pcb ngaso sonke isikhathi. (Amaphutha athile ayisiwula enziwe ngenxa yokubukisa...). Futhi akudingeki unqume umugqa we-resistor. Uma wabelana ngomklamo, amaphakheji amaningi angafakwa kalula ku-PCB noma engxenyeni eyodwa. I-SMD resistor TH. (Yenza ukwakheka kube nzima kakhulu).
Ngisebenzise i-"KiCad Getting Starting" ngefomethi ye-pdf. Inguqulo endala engiyisebenzisile inamakhasi angu-29, kanti inguqulo yakamuva inamakhasi angu-52. Ungayithola kwezinye izifundo (kufaka phakathi izixhumanisi zevidiyo): http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
Ngiyazi ukuthi u-[Chris Gemmell] waseHackaday kanye ne-Amp Hour benze uchungechunge ku-Kicad http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
I-Kicad ingaba usizo, ake ngibone ukuthi kwenzekani ku-Rev 2. Ngiyabonga ngeziphakamiso zakho. Okokufaka okungaxhunywanga kuyinto enhle ku-DRC (ERC), futhi kuma-connectors nezinye izinto ezigcina zithambile noma i-IO, imiyalezo eminingi yokuxhumanisa i-CAD ngokuvamile ingagwenywa.
Yenza isivivinyo esisheshayo bese uphonsa isixhumi etafuleni elingenalutho, sebenzisa izichasiselo kanye ne-DRC. Kunginike amaphutha e-drc ephini ngalinye. Kodwa-ke, ukumaka amaphini angaziwa angaxhunyiwe kulula kakhulu.
Setha ku-passive. Kufanele ngifune (Hlela Ingxenye -> Hlela nge-Library Editor. Umhleli welabhulali uvula futhi alayishe ingxenye yakho efasiteleni elihlukile, ungahlola noma ushintshe noma iyiphi ingxenye yengxenye. Ingxenye eshintshiwe ingagcinwa noma ibuyekezwe ku-Schematic yakho. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukushintsha izingxenye. Angikhathali kakhulu ngelabhulali. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-cpld, ufuna ukunika amaphini amagama anencazelo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kune-interface enhle yokuklama izingxenye zakho.
Ku-ERC ye-KiCad, amaphini "angaxhumekile" awuhlobo oluhlukile lwephini "kumaphini angasebenzi", futhi wonke amaphini "angaxhumekile" azodala amaphutha. Indlela i-ERC esebenza ngayo ingashintshwa kalula ukuze ivumelane nezintandokazi zakho: Amathuluzi -> Isihloli Semithetho Kagesi -> Izinketho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-18-2021