Isixhobo esintsonkothileyo se-logic esicwangcisiweyo (CPLD) sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwi-repertoire yakho. Njengoko igama lisitsho, ungazicwangcisa ezi chips ukuze unike imisebenzi ye-logic oyifunayo. Oku kusenokuba kukuthatha indawo yee-chips ezindala, okanye yindlela nje yokufunda nokuzama ubuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo. Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokufunda kunokusebenzisa i-CPLD uze uyizame?
Ndenze imodyuli ye-CPLD ukuze ndikwazi ukuyidibanisa kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka neebhodi zesonka ezingenasolder, kodwa ndenze into embi. Kubonakala ngathi indawo ekhoyo yokudibanisa kwibhodi yesonka engenasolder yi-1.1 intshi. Ndenze indawo yonyawo ibe yi-intshi enye ububanzi, ndingashiyi ndawo yomqolo weengcingo kumacala omabini. Uh.
Kodwa mandibuye umva ndibonise okungakumbi ngento endiyenzayo, ndifuna ukwenza i-logic ecwangcisiweyo enokwakhiwa njengekhithi, enokuthengiswa ngokulula ekhaya, enokufakwa kwisekethe, kwaye inokusebenza kwi-3.3 okanye i-5 volts.
Ukuze ndikwazi ukwenza ikhithi elula ukuyithengisa, ndisebenzise icandelo elidala le-CPLD, elikwafumaneka kwiinguqulelo ze-3.3v kunye ne-5v, kwaye liya kugcina inkqubo yalo nokuba umbane ungakanani na. I-logic ngokwayo yi-CPLD IC evela kuthotho lwe-Altera Max, efumaneka kwiinguqulelo ezimbini, ezifanelekileyo kwiibhodi zesekethe ezinee-macrocell ezingama-32 okanye ezingama-64. Ii-Macrocells zizinto zokwakha ezisisiseko ezicwangcisiweyo kusetyenziswa "amagama" acwangcisiweyo kwaye emva koko ziqhagamshelwe nezinye ii-macrocells ngokusebenzisa ii-connections ezicwangcisiweyo.
Xa ujonga i-schematic, ungabona ukuba ayinamxholo ungako: ngokusisiseko yi-CPLD, i-in-circuit programming circuit kunye ne-oscillator eqhuba i-CPLD logic.
Le nxalenye ibizwa ngokuba yi-EPM7032 kunye ne-EPM7064, isebenzisa i-44-pin plastic lead chip carrier (PLCC), ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi-J lead ngenxa yesimo se-J se-lead lead. Le phakheji ingafakwa kwi-socket enomngxuma okanye idityaniswe ngqo kwi-PCB.
Iqulethe i-oscillator esebhodini, ukuze i-CPLD ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngendlela ecacileyo kwaye yenze iikhawuntara ezikhawulezayo yodwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sewotshi yangaphandle. Ukuba iwotshi yangaphandle iyafumaneka, iwotshi ekhawulezayo kwimodyuli ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza umcimbi wewotshi kumda ngamnye onyukayo okanye owela phantsi wewotshi yangaphandle, kwaye isalandela izikhokelo ze-CPLD/FPGA, oko kukuthi, kufuneka usebenzise inethiwekhi yewotshi yangaphakathi yehlabathi endaweni ye-"Asynchronous" eqhuba igalelo lewotshi. I-voltage yombane elinganisiweyo yale oscillator iphakathi kwe-1.8 kunye ne-5.5 volts.
Ukuba ubukele le vidiyo, uza kubona ukuba ndithetha ngendlela endikhetha ngayo indlela yokuphatha iphini ethi "INH" kwi-oscillator; masithi nje, emva kokuba ndiqinisekisile ukuba iphepha leenkcukacha lisemthethweni, ndidla ngokulivumela ukuba lihambe.
Xa ndijongana nemisebenzi enjalo, izizathu ezazibonakala engqondweni yam ziquka ukungathandi kwam ukudibanisa ii-input pin ngqo kwii-power rails (ukuba kunokwenzeka). Oko kukuthi, ndikhetha ukusebenzisa ii-series resistors ukunciphisa i-current ngexesha le-transients, nokuba akufuneki ifuneke.
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ndibone iingxaki ezithile kwimveliso (iibhetshi ezinkulu), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izinto ezifana nokujikeleza kwamandla zivumela iiphini eziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi-power rail ukuba zibe ne-voltage ephezulu kune-chip ngokwayo, nto leyo embi. Okokugqibela, qhagamshela iphini kwi-power rail nge-resistor (nokuba ngamandla okanye ngomhlaba), kwaye abantu banokutshintsha ingqondo yabo baze basebenzise iphini kamva. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kumava am ngeengcango ezingasetyenziswanga, mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba ezi ngcango akufuneki zishiywe zintanta okanye zingaxhunywanga. Ngokusebenzisa i-resistor yokutsala, ungaqhagamshela isignali kwaye usebenzise isango ngaphandle kokusika imikhondo yobhedu.
Isixhumi esineephini ezili-10 kunye neeresistor ezimbalwa zenza isekethe yokuprograma. Ukuba zonke iiresistor ziyiresistor zokutsala, ndingasebenzisa inethiwekhi yeresistor, kodwa okubuhlungu kukuba enye isekelwe.
Ukuze ndicwangcise i-CPLD ezimeleyo ngolu hlobo, kufuneka umcwangcisi ozinikeleyo. Kulula kum ukutsho oku, kuba ndidla ngokuba nezimbalwa ezilele ecaleni kwam, kodwa ukuba awunayo, akuyi kuba buhlungu kakhulu ukungena kumdlalo. I-"Altera USB Blaster" evunyiweyo ithengiswa nge-$50 kwaye inokuthengwa kwiDigikey nakwezinye iindawo. Ndinama-clone aliqela avela kwi-Ebay, enye yawo yi-clone exhasa i-Altera, i-Xilinx kunye ne-Lattice ngaxeshanye. Kukho iprojekthi kunye nekhowudi kwi-Intanethi enokusetyenziswa ukwenza i-clone yakho, ndiza kuyidwelisa kuluhlu lwam lweevidiyo ezinokwenzeka zeprojekthi yokwenza ama-clone e-programmer. Ndiza kubonisa noyilo lwe-shield apho i-motherboard, i-Arduino, i-PIC, njl.njl. zinokucwangciswa khona.
Isoftware efunekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe kwaye kucwangciswe i-CPLD ifumaneka simahla kwi-Altera, kodwa le nxalenye indala ifuna inguqulelo endala engu-9.1. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba yayiyeyona nguqulelo indala ndiyithandayo. Yayine-acupuncture timing analyzer enobuchule, kodwa yasuswa kwinguqulelo yamva nje.
I-PCB yidizayini elula enamacala amabini, logama nje ibhodi yesekethe ifanelekile, ndidla ngokusebenzisa ubhedu xa ndibeka umhlaba phantsi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ndibonelele ngombane. Ngamanye amaxesha ukugalela kuyaphuka kangangokuba kunokubangela iingxaki okanye iziphumo zokuphela zingacacanga, ngoko ke ukugalela kwakhona ubhedu sisixhobo, kodwa kufuneka kulawulwe.
Namhlanje, iipakethe ezininzi zesoftware yeCAD (ukuba azizizo uninzi) ziqulathe imbonakalo ye-3D yemveliso yokugqibela, nangona ukuchaneka kwemifanekiso kuchanekile kuphela njengeemodeli ze-3D ezisetyenziselwa ukumela iindawo. Apha ungabona apho ndikhethe khona imodeli ye-3D yesokethi ye-44-pin, isixhumi seprogram, kunye ne-oscillator. Nazi ezinye iipakethe ze-3D endithanda ukuzisebenzisa:
Iinkampani ezininzi zikwanazo neemodeli ze-3D zezinto zazo. I-Molex ngumzekelo omnye wenkampani eyenze umsebenzi olungileyo kweli candelo.
Impazamo endiyenzileyo ayichaphazeli umsebenzi ofana nobuhle, kwaye ayisiyongxaki iphambili, oko kukuthi, ayifanelekanga kwibhodi enye engenasoda.
Ndathi ndakucinga ukuba ndingabelana ngoyilo nomntu, andaneliseka ngoko nangoko ziimpawu ze-CPLD kunye ne-pinout yesixhumi esine-40-pin, esiluphawu lwaso luphela. Ndathabatha uphawu lwesixhumi esine-double-row connector esine-40-pin ndaza ndasilungisa saba luphawu lwe-1-intshi, kodwa amanani e-pin awango-1, 2, 3, 4... kodwa anamanani angu-1 ecaleni njengephakheji ye-DIP 3, 5, 7...njengezixhumi zekhebula zeribhoni. Ke ngoko, luphawu olungenangqiqo lokumisela indlela yokuqhagamshela kwimodyuli kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
Ngokufanayo, imisebenzi ye-CPLD pin iyadida kancinci, kwaye ndisebenzise iseti yezixhobo ezixhomekeke kwi-Boundary Scan Description Language (BSDL) ukwenza iimpawu. Uninzi lwabathengisi abakhulu baneefayile ze-BSDL ezikhoyo kwiinxalenye zabo eziqhelekileyo, ezikuvumela ukuba (i-semi-) wenze iimpawu kunye neepakeji ngokuzenzekelayo. Njengayo nayiphi na into ezenzekelayo, kufuneka ibonwe njengesixhobo kwaye inokufuna ukuphululwa ngakumbi ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo. Kule meko, ndiyivumela ukuba idwelise ii-pin ngokulandelelana kwealfabhethi, okuphantse kube ngokungacwangciswanga xa kulandelwa ii-pin ebhodini. Ndingatsho kuphela ukuba ndandixhalabile kakhulu ngaloo mini.
Uhlawula ezi ndlela zimfutshane ngexesha elithile xa useluhambeni. Xa ndisiya kutshintsha le module, ndiza kuyijonga ndize ndiyinike indawo yephini ehambelana nenxalenye ngokwayo, ukuze ukwazi apho uza kuyibeka khona i-oscilloscope probe yakho kube lula njengokujonga uphawu lweskimu.
Xa usebenzisa iibhodi zesekethe, kukho ezinye izinto eziphucukileyo ezibonakala zintle okanye ziluncedo. Isalathisi se-pin 1 kufuneka siqheleke ngakumbi kwiipakethe ezininzi, kwaye ndisoloko ndikhetha indawo elula yomhlaba yokuqhagamshela umhlaba we-oscilloscope okanye i-VOM lead. Ndingongeza oku ngokongeza isixhumi esineephini ezimbini ukuze umbane kunye nomhlaba zisetyenziswe ngqo ebhodini endaweni yokubotshelelwa kwiiphini ezisezantsi.
Ngaphambi kokuba nditshintshe ibhodi yesekethe, ndifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza kakuhle phantsi kweengxaki zomzimba nezobuhle. Emva kokuvula nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-oscillator isebenza kakuhle, ndifake i-programmer. Nangona inguqulelo ye-3.3v intsha kunesoftware yeprogram, ifumene i-CPLD yaza yayibonisa njengesixhobo "esingaziwayo".
Emva koko, ndenze ikhawuntara kwiQuartus ndaza ndanika iinombolo zepin. Ukuqokelela nokukhuphela ngokukhawuleza kunye nomsebenzi wekhawuntara obonwa yi-oscilloscope kuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lunokwenzeka.
Isekethe yovavanyo olukhawulezileyo kwiVerilog ilula kakhulu. Ikhowudi idweliswe ngezantsi. Ungakhuphela ifayile ye-ZIP equlethe isekethe yovavanyo lwe-schematic kunye neVerilog njengeprojekthi yeQuartus II (ifuna inguqulelo 9.1).
Njengoko benditshilo, ndiza kuphinda ndenze uhlaziyo lwesibini lwebhodi yesekethe ukuze ndinike ingqalelo ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha ezifunekayo xa ndisabelana ngoyilo okanye ndenza naluphi na ulungiso lweengxaki. Ekubeni kufuneka ndibeke ububanzi besixhumi esisezantsi kwi-intshi eziyi-0.9 okanye ngaphantsi, ndingaqhubeka ndisibeka kwi-intshi eziyi-0.6, nto leyo eyiphakheji ye-DIP eqhelekileyo "ebanzi". Ukwenza oku kuthetha ukuvumela iiphini ezisezantsi ziphume kwi-CPLD socket footprint. Bendingenakukwenza oku kwimeko yemveliso kuba yayihlanganiswe ngesandla ngelo xesha, kodwa enye yeenjongo yayikukwenza ikhithi yokunyibilikisa ngesandla. Isivumelwano sokunyibilikisa ngesandla kukuba i-oscillator kufuneka ibe kwindawo yokumisa umphezulu we-SMD, inguqulelo ye-through-hole inkulu kakhulu kwaye idla ngokungaxhasi uluhlu lwe-voltage endiyifunayo.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ezi modyuli ukwakha ikhompyutha elula ngokupheleleyo? Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka ndongeze imemori.
Lol...ewe, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhompyutha. Nangona kunjalo, ii-microcontrollers/ii-microcomputer "zokwenyani" zichaphazeleka yi-"pin bonding" yemodyuli, oko kuthetha ukuba awunakufumana amagama aneleyo kwimodyuli ukuze wenze nantoni na eluncedo kakhulu.
Ndenze isilawuli sexesha kunye nemodi sekhamera ye-NTSC epheleleyo enobukhulu obuyi-64, ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yeprosesa.
I-Structural Verilog kunye ne-HDL ezisetyenzisiweyo kwincwadi ethi Nand to Tetris ziyafana okanye azifani.
Kutheni le nto iindawo eziphuma emngxunyeni zingena emngxunyeni? Ukuwelda 0805 kulula! Ngoku lixesha lokuba wonke umntu osebenza nzima afunde olu buchule.
Ukuba ndenza isokhethi ephezulu igqume iiphini ezifakwe kwi-solder ukusuka ezantsi, ndingasebenzisa "iziko ezi-6 (ukulinganisa itshiphu enamaphini angama-40) okanye i-diagonal, njl.njl. Oku kuya kuba zizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukutywina ngesandla kuphela xa kutywinwa iileya ezisezantsi. Isokhethi ephezulu emva kweenyawo.
Kodwa kunzima kwabaqalayo ukuyidibanisa ukusuka ezantsi. Xa ndidibanisa ii-headers ze-PCB zebhodi yesonka (ezi bhodi ze-adaptha ze-SMD ezingabizi onokuzisebenzisa kwi-eBay zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiprototyping), ndifaka ii-headers kwibhodi yesonka, ndize ndibeke i-PCB kuyo, ndize ndikwazi ukuyidibanisa ngokulula. Ifanelekile kakhulu kwiibhodi zesonka. Ukuba ufuna ukuyidibanisa ukusuka ezantsi, kunzima nangakumbi.
Ukuba i-CPLD iphakathi (kusenokuba lula ukuyidibanisa ngentambo), ingafakwa ngokuxwesileyo ngaphandle kokugqubana, kukho imigca emi-4, okanye i-CPLD ingaba kwicala elinye:
Enkosi ngengcebiso yokufaka isixhumi kwibhodi yesonka ngaphambi kokuba sifakwe nge-solder. Eyam ayizinzanga.
Kuthekani ngeepini zebhodi yebreadboard yefomathi ye-DIP kwelinye icala kunye nohlobo lwe-"dongle" lwesokethi yetship ngokwayo kwelinye icala? Itship inokuxhonywa ekupheleni kwebhodi yebreadboard. Indlela yokuhambisa iya kuba nzima.
|###### ********************* |. Ewe, ndigqibe ekubeni ndisebenzise inguqulelo "yasimahla" ka-Altera, kanye njengokuba iXilinx kunye neLattice zinenguqulelo "yasimahla". Ndifuna ukuphelisa umjikelo no-Al Williams ukuze ndiqonde ukuba zonke ii-open support zixhasa ntoni, ekufuneka zibandakanye iimpawu ezithile zoluhlu lwezixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ndenze okuninzi ngenguqulelo yasimahla.
Ewe, ubonisa ukuba i-CPLD iyahambelana neepini ndiyakholelwa. Ukuba ndiyilandela ngokuchanekileyo, oku kunokubonakala ngathi yi-rev 2. Xa ndiyila imveliso (ngobuninzi), ndisoloko ndinengxaki yokunganyamezelani nenyathelo "lokuhlanganisa i-solder ngesandla" kuba ziyahambelana (eneneni iipini ze-solder kwicala elingekhoyo). ) Sele iyinxalenye ethengiswa ngesandla) kodwa le yikhithi encinci, ayiloyilo olujolise kwimveliso. Ndinemikhwa ethile ekunzima ukuyilahla ndiseneminyaka. 
Ndicinga ukuba ibhodi yesekethe enomfanekiso we-T ene-CPLD kunye nezinto ezingasebenziyo ezinenxalenye ebanzi enomfanekiso we-T ziya kuba luncedo kakhulu xa zixhonywe kumphetho webhodi yesonka. Into efana ne-Adafruit RasPi T-Cobbler (http://www.adafruit.com/products/2028). Oku kuya kwenza uninzi lwendawo yebhodi yesonka lufumaneke.
Ngelishwa, ukuyekiswa kuya kuyinciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiiprojekthi ezisecaleni, njengazo zonke ezo jenereyitha zomsebenzi ezisekelwe kwi-XR2206 kunye ne-ICL8038.
Ingcinga enomdla. Ndiyazithanda ezi chips zimbini. I-CPLD ayiphelelwa lixesha, yindlela nje engabizi kakhulu yokuyithenga nge-3.3v.
Ngokuphathelele "ububhanxa" bakho... awuzange wenze uyilo olutsha lokulubeka kwibhodi yesonka. Beka nje ucingo kwibhodi yesonka kuqala, uze ufake i-cpld kwintambo. Okanye, ukuba ungatsala umbane kunye nemicu yokusila kwenye yazo, sebenzisa iibhodi zesonka ezimbini.
Malunga ne-Altium kunye ne-Eagle. Ngaba ukhe wayicinga i-KiCad? Ayinazo naziphi na izithintelo zokuba ukhetha i-Altium kune-Eagle, kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo ivelisa iimpazamo ze-DRC kuzo zonke iiphini ezingadibaniyo. Ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukuvula iphini, kuya kufuneka uyixelele. (Mhlawumbi kuphela ukuze ifakelwe, hayi ukuze iphume, kwaye ayikajongwa). Olunye uphawu oluhle kukuba kulula kakhulu ukuyifunda. Kuthathe imva kwemini enye kuphela, kwaye incwadi yentshayelelo ebalaseleyo yandinceda ndaqalisa.
Ndikhetha i-smd (enkulu) engaphezulu komngxuma odlulayo. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ujike i-pcb ngalo lonke ixesha. (Ezinye iimpazamo ezingenangqondo zenziwe ngenxa yokuzijonga...). Kwaye akufuneki unqumle i-lead ye-resistor. Xa wabelana ngoyilo, iipakethe ezininzi zinokubekwa ngokulula kwi-PCB okanye kwinxalenye enye. I-SMD resistor TH. (Yenza uyilo lube nzima ngakumbi).
Ndisebenzise "iKiCad Getting Starting" kwifomathi ye-pdf. Inguqulelo endala endiyisebenzisileyo inamaphepha angama-29, kwaye inguqulelo yamva nje inamaphepha angama-52. Ungayifumana kwezinye izifundo (kuquka ii-video links): http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
Ndiyazi ukuba u-[Chris Gemmell] waseHackaday kunye neThe Amp Hour benze uthotho lweencwadi kwiKicad http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
I-Kicad inokuba luncedo, mandibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwiRev 2. Enkosi ngeengcebiso zakho. Ii-input ezingadibaniyo zilungile kwi-DRC (ERC), kwaye kwii-connectors nezinye izinto ezizigcina zithambile okanye i-IO, uninzi lwemiyalezo yokudibanisa i-CAD inokuthintelwa.
Yenza uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo uze uphose isixhumi kwitafile engenanto, sebenzisa ii-annotations kunye ne-DRC. Indinike iimpazamo ze-drc kwi-pin nganye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphawula ii-pins ezingadibaniyo kulula kakhulu.
Imiselwe kwi-passive. Kufuneka ndikhangele (Hlela iComponent -> Hlela ngeThala leeNcwadi. Umhleli wethala leencwadi uvula aze alayishe i-component yakho kwifestile eyahlukileyo, ungajonga okanye utshintshe nayiphi na inxalenye ye-component. I-component etshintshiweyo ingagcinwa okanye ihlaziywe kwi-Your schematic. Oku kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukutshintsha i-components. Andikhathali kakhulu ngethala leencwadi. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa i-cpld, ufuna ukunika amagama anentsingiselo kwi-pins. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kukho ujongano oluhle lokuyila i-components zakho.
Kwi-ERC yeKiCad, ii-pin "ezingadibaniyo" luhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe-pin kwi-"passive pins", kwaye zonke ii-pin "ezingadibaniyo" ziya kuvelisa iimpazamo. Indlela esebenza ngayo i-ERC inokuhlengahlengiswa ngokulula ngokwezinto ozikhethayo: Izixhobo -> Umjongi weMithetho yoMbane -> Iinketho.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-18-2021