Ib lub cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim (complex programmable logic device - CPLD) yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv koj cov khoom siv. Raws li lub npe qhia, koj tuaj yeem sau cov chips no kom muab cov haujlwm logic uas koj xav tau. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog hloov cov chips qub, lossis tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev los kawm thiab sim cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv. Muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua los kawm dua li siv CPLD thiab sim nws?
Kuv tau tsim ib lub CPLD module kom nws muaj peev xwm txuas rau ntau yam, suav nrog cov breadboards uas tsis muaj solder, tab sis kuv ua yuam kev. Zoo li qhov chaw ntsaws rau ntawm lub breadboard uas tsis muaj solder yog 1.1 nti. Kuv tau ua qhov chaw dav 1 nti, tsis muaj chaw rau ib kab ntawm cov xov hlau ntawm ob sab. Uh.
Tab sis cia kuv rov qab los thiab qhia ntxiv txog qhov kuv tab tom ua, kuv xav ua ib qho programmable logic uas tuaj yeem tsim ua ib lub pob khoom siv, tuaj yeem yooj yim soldered hauv tsev, tuaj yeem programmed hauv ib lub voj voog, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm 3.3 lossis 5 volts.
Yuav kom ua tiav cov khoom siv yooj yim rau kev sib txuas, kuv siv cov khoom siv CPLD qub, uas kuj muaj nyob rau hauv 3.3v thiab 5v versions, thiab yuav tswj nws cov kev pab cuam tsis hais txog lub hwj chim muab. Lub logic nws tus kheej yog CPLD IC los ntawm Altera Max series, muaj nyob rau hauv ob versions, haum rau cov laug cam circuit nrog 32 lossis 64 macrocells. Macrocells yog cov khoom siv logical yooj yim uas tau programmed siv cov "lus" logical thiab tom qab ntawd txuas nrog lwm cov macrocells los ntawm kev sib txuas programmable.
Saib ntawm daim duab qhia, koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws tsis muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus: feem ntau yog CPLD, lub voj voog hauv kev tsim kho thiab lub oscillator uas tsav lub logic CPLD.
Qhov no hu ua EPM7032 thiab EPM7064, siv 44-pin yas lead chip carrier (PLCC), qee zaum hu ua J lead vim yog J zoo li ntawm cov lead lead. Lub pob no tuaj yeem ntxig rau hauv lub qhov (socket) los yog ncaj qha soldered rau PCB.
Muaj ib lub oscillator nyob rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm, yog li CPLD tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab tsim cov counters ceev ntawm nws tus kheej yam tsis tas yuav muaj lub moos sab nraud. Yog tias muaj lub moos sab nraud, lub moos ceev ceev ntawm lub module tuaj yeem siv los tsim ib qho xwm txheej moos ntawm txhua ntug nce lossis poob ntawm lub moos sab nraud, thiab tseem ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm CPLD / FPGA, uas yog, koj yuav tsum siv lub network moos thoob ntiaj teb sab hauv es tsis txhob "Asynchronous" tsav lub moos nkag. Lub zog muab hluav taws xob ntawm lub oscillator no yog nruab nrab ntawm 1.8 thiab 5.5 volts.
Yog koj saib daim vis dis aus, koj yuav pom tias kuv tham txog kuv tus kheej nyiam li cas los tswj tus pin "INH" ntawm lub oscillator; hais yooj yim, tom qab kuv xyuas daim ntawv spec puas raug cai, kuv feem ntau cia nws ntab.
Thaum kuv xav txog tej yam zoo li no, tej yam uas ua rau kuv xav txog yog vim kuv tsis nyiam txuas cov pins ncaj qha rau cov hlua fais fab (yog tias ua tau). Yog li ntawd, kuv nyiam siv cov resistors series los txwv qhov tam sim no thaum lub sijhawm transients, txawm tias nws tsis tas yuav tsum muaj los xij.
Tau ntau xyoo los lawm, kuv tau pom qee qhov teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom (cov khoom loj), thiab qee zaum tej yam zoo li kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob yuav tso cai rau cov pins txuas ncaj qha rau lub hwj chim rail kom muaj hluav taws xob siab dua li lub chip nws tus kheej, uas yog qhov tsis zoo. Thaum kawg, txuas lub pin rau lub hwj chim rail los ntawm lub resistor (txawm tias lub hwj chim lossis av), thiab tib neeg tuaj yeem hloov lawv lub siab thiab siv lub pin tom qab. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb hauv kuv qhov kev paub nrog cov qhov rooj tsis siv, tej zaum koj paub tias cov qhov rooj no yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg ntab lossis tsis txuas. Los ntawm kev siv lub resistor rub-up, koj tuaj yeem txuas lub teeb liab thiab siv lub rooj vag yam tsis txiav cov tooj liab.
Lub qhov txuas 10-pin thiab ob peb lub resistors tsim lub voj voog programming. Yog tias tag nrho cov resistors yog pull-up resistors, kuv yuav siv lub network resistor, tab sis hmoov tsis zoo, ib qho yog grounded.
Yuav kom program tau ib lub CPLD ywj pheej li no, yuav tsum muaj ib tug programmer tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yooj yim rau kuv hais, vim kuv feem ntau muaj ob peb tug pw ntawm kuv ib sab, tab sis yog tias koj tsis muaj ib tug, nws yuav tsis mob heev rau kev nkag mus rau qhov kev ua si. Lub "Altera USB Blaster" uas tau pom zoo muag rau $ 50 thiab tuaj yeem yuav tau los ntawm Digikey thiab lwm qhov chaw. Kuv muaj ntau lub clones los ntawm Ebay, ib qho yog lub clone uas txhawb nqa Altera, Xilinx thiab Lattice tib lub sijhawm. Muaj ib qhov project thiab code hauv Is Taws Nem uas tuaj yeem siv los ua koj tus kheej clone, Kuv yuav teev nws hauv kuv daim ntawv teev cov yeeb yaj kiab rau qhov project ntawm kev ua cov programmer clones. Kuv tseem yuav qhia ib qho kev tsim qauv tiv thaiv uas lub motherboard, Arduino, PIC, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem programmed.
Cov software uas yuav tsum tau siv los compile thiab program CPLD no muaj pub dawb los ntawm Altera, tab sis qhov qub no xav tau version 9.1 qub. Qhov xov xwm zoo yog tias nws yog kuv nyiam version qub. Nws muaj lub cuab yeej ntsuas lub sijhawm yooj yim, tab sis nws tau raug tshem tawm hauv version tom qab.
Lub PCB yog ib qho yooj yim uas muaj ob sab, tsuav yog lub rooj tsavxwm haum rau nws, kuv feem ntau siv tooj liab rau kev sib txuas hauv av thiab qee zaum muab hluav taws xob. Qee zaum qhov kev nchuav tooj liab tawg heev uas nws yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem lossis qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, yog li kev nchuav tooj liab dua yog ib qho cuab yeej, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau tswj hwm.
Niaj hnub no, ntau (yog tias tsis yog feem ntau) CAD software pob muaj 3D pom ntawm cov khoom kawg, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm cov duab tsuas yog qhov tseeb raws li cov qauv 3D siv los sawv cev rau cov khoom. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom qhov twg kuv xaiv 3D qauv rau lub qhov (socket), programming connector, thiab oscillator. Ntawm no yog qee cov pob 3D uas kuv nyiam siv:
Ntau lub tuam txhab kuj muaj cov qauv 3D ntawm lawv cov khoom. Molex tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub tuam txhab uas tau ua haujlwm zoo hauv thaj chaw no.
Qhov yuam kev uas kuv tau ua tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li kev zoo nkauj, thiab nws tsis yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb, uas yog, nws tsis haum rau ib lub breadboard tsis muaj solder.
Thaum kuv xav tias kuv yuav qhia tus qauv tsim rau leej twg, kuv tam sim ntawd tsis txaus siab rau CPLD cov cim qhia thiab tus pinout ntawm 40-pin connector, uas yog nws qhov chaw tag nrho. Kuv tau ntes lub cim 40-pin ob kab connector thiab kho nws mus rau 1-nti footprint, tab sis cov lej pin tsis yog 1, 2, 3, 4 ... tab sis yog tus lej 1 ntawm sab zoo li DIP pob 3, 5, 7 ... ib yam li ribbon cable connectors. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov chaw tsis-intuitive rau kev txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas txuas rau lub module thiab teeb meem.
Ib yam li ntawd, cov kev faib tawm ntawm CPLD tus pin yog qhov tsis meej pem me ntsis, thiab kuv tau siv cov khoom siv uas siv Boundary Scan Description Language (BSDL) los tsim cov cim. Feem ntau cov neeg muag khoom loj muaj cov ntaub ntawv BSDL muaj rau lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas tso cai rau koj (ib nrab) tsim cov cim thiab pob khoom. Zoo li txhua yam kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, nws yuav tsum tau pom tias yog ib qho cuab yeej thiab tej zaum yuav xav tau kev zaws ntxiv rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Hauv qhov no, kuv cia nws teev cov pins raws li cov ntawv sau, uas yuav luag random thaum taug qab cov pins ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Kuv tsuas tuaj yeem hais tias kuv ntxhov siab heev hnub ntawd.
Koj them rau cov kev luv luv no qee zaum ntawm txoj kev. Thaum kuv mus hloov kho qhov module no, kuv yuav txiav txim siab thiab muab nws qhov chaw tso rau qhov sib xws, yog li kev paub qhov twg yuav tso koj lub oscilloscope probe yooj yim li saib ntawm lub cim schematic.
Thaum siv cov laug cam Circuit Court, muaj lwm yam kev txhim kho uas feem ntau yog qhov zoo nkauj lossis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tus pin 1 qhia yuav tsum tau siv ntau dua hauv ntau pob khoom, thiab kuv ib txwm nyiam qhov yooj yim hauv av los txuas lub oscilloscope hauv av lossis VOM lead. Kuv yuav ntxiv qhov no los ntawm kev ntxiv ob-pin connector kom lub zog thiab av tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau lub rooj tsavxwm es tsis txhob raug clamped rau hauv qab pins.
Ua ntej kuv hloov kho lub rooj tsavxwm, kuv xav kom paub tseeb tias nws ua haujlwm kom raug raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm lub cev thiab qhov zoo nkauj. Tom qab qhib lub zog thiab paub tseeb tias lub oscillator ua haujlwm kom raug, kuv tau ntsaws lub programmer rau hauv. Txawm hais tias 3.3v version tshiab dua li software programming, nws tau kuaj pom CPLD thiab tso tawm ua lub cuab yeej "tsis paub".
Tom ntej no, kuv tau tsim ib lub counter hauv Quartus thiab muab cov lej pin. Kev sau thiab rub tawm sai thiab lub luag haujlwm counter pom los ntawm oscilloscope ua pov thawj tias qhov tsim tau.
Lub voj voog kuaj ceev hauv Verilog yooj yim heev. Cov lej tau teev hauv qab no. Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv ZIP uas muaj cov duab kos thiab Verilog lub voj voog kuaj ua ib qhov project Quartus II (yuav tsum muaj version 9.1).
Raws li kuv tau hais lawm, kuv yuav ua qhov kev kho dua zaum ob ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm kom them sai sai rau cov ntsiab lus xav tau thaum sib koom tsim lossis ua ntau yam kev daws teeb meem. Vim tias kuv xav tau teeb tsa qhov dav ntawm lub qhov txuas hauv qab rau 0.9 nti lossis tsawg dua, kuv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv teeb tsa nws rau 0.6 nti, uas yog pob DIP "dav" txheem. Ua qhov no txhais tau tias cia cov pins hauv qab tawm ntawm CPLD qhov (socket footprint). Kuv yuav tsis ua qhov no hauv qhov xwm txheej ntau lawm vim tias nws tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm tes thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, tab sis ib qho ntawm lub hom phiaj yog ua lub pob khoom siv tes-soldering. Qhov kev sib haum xeeb tes-soldering yog tias lub oscillator yuav tsum nyob hauv lub tsev SMD nto mount, qhov version hla-qhov loj heev thiab feem ntau tsis txhawb nqa qhov voltage ntau yam kuv xav tau.
Puas siv tau cov modules no los tsim ib lub computer yooj yim tag nrho? Kuv xav tias kuv yuav tsum ntxiv lub cim xeeb.
Lol...yog lawm, nws nyob ntawm seb lub computer yog hom twg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov microcontrollers/microcomputers "tiag tiag" raug cuam tshuam los ntawm "pin bonding" ntawm lub module, uas txhais tau tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov lus txaus los ntawm lub module kom ua tau ib yam dab tsi uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kuv tau ua tiav NTSC lub koob yees duab lub sijhawm thiab hom tswj nrog qhov loj me ntawm 64, yog li tsis tas yuav muaj processor.
Cov Qauv Verilog thiab HDL siv hauv phau ntawv Nand rau Tetris zoo ib yam.
Vim li cas cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov? Kev vuam 0805 yooj yim heev! Tam sim no yog lub sijhawm rau txhua tus neeg kho kom kawm qhov txuj ci no.
Yog tias kuv ua kom lub qhov (socket) sab saud sib tshooj cov pins uas tau soldered los ntawm hauv qab, ces kuv tuaj yeem siv "6 lub chaw (simulating 40-pin chip) lossis diagonal, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yuav yog cov khoom siv soldering tes rau kev soldering cov hlau hauv qab Lub qhov (socket) sab saud tom qab ko taw.
Tab sis nws nyuaj rau cov neeg pib tshiab los solder nws los ntawm hauv qab. Thaum kuv solder headers rau PCB ntawm lub breadboard (cov SMD adapter boards pheej yig uas koj tuaj yeem siv ntawm eBay tuaj yeem siv rau prototyping), Kuv ntxig cov headers rau hauv lub breadboard, tom qab ntawd muab PCB rau nws, thiab tom qab ntawd kuv tuaj yeem solder yooj yim Nws yog qhov tsim nyog heev rau breadboards. Yog tias koj xav tau solder nws los ntawm hauv qab, nws nyuaj dua.
Yog tias CPLD nyob hauv nruab nrab (tej zaum yuav yooj yim dua rau kev txuas xov hlau), nws tuaj yeem ntsia tau diagonally yam tsis muaj kev sib tshooj, muaj 4 kab, lossis CPLD tuaj yeem nyob rau ib sab:
Ua tsaug rau koj cov lus qhia kom ntxig lub connector rau hauv lub breadboard ua ntej soldering. Kuv li tsis ruaj khov me ntsis.
Ua li cas txog cov pins DIP hom breadboard ntawm ib kawg thiab hom "dongle" ntawm lub qhov (chip socket) ntawm lwm kawg? Lub chip tuaj yeem dai rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub breadboard. Txoj kev yuav nruj.
|####### ******************** |. Yog lawm, kuv txiav txim siab siv Altera qhov "dawb", ib yam li Xilinx thiab Lattice muaj "dawb". Kuv yuav tsum xaus lub voj voog nrog Al Williams kom nkag siab txog txhua qhov kev txhawb nqa qhib txhawb nqa, uas yuav tsum suav nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv. Txawm hais tias qhov ntawd, kuv tau ua ntau yam nrog qhov dawb.
Yog lawm, koj qhia tias CPLD sib tshooj nrog cov pins uas kuv ntseeg. Yog tias kuv ua raws li nws kom raug, qhov no yuav zoo li rev 2. Thaum tsim rau (pawg) ntau lawm, kuv ib txwm ua xua rau "tes sib dhos ua ke" vim tias lawv sib tshooj (qhov tseeb yog cov pins sib dhos ntawm sab tsis yog khoom). ) Twb yog ib qho khoom siv tes sib dhos) tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib qho khoom siv me me, tsis yog kev tsim khoom. Kuv tsuas muaj qee tus cwj pwm uas nyuaj rau tshem tawm ntawm kuv lub hnub nyoog. 
Kuv xav tias lub rooj tsavxwm T-zoo li tus nrog CPLD thiab cov khoom passive nrog lub dav T-zoo li tus yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum dai rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub breadboard. Ib yam dab tsi zoo ib yam li Adafruit RasPi T-Cobbler (http://www.adafruit.com/products/2028). Qhov no yuav ua rau feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw breadboard muaj.
Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov kev tsis txuas ntxiv no yuav txwv nws txoj kev siv rau hauv cov haujlwm sab nraud, ib yam li txhua lub tshuab tsim hluav taws xob raws li XR2206 thiab ICL8038.
Lub tswv yim nthuav. Kuv nyiam ob lub chips no. CPLD tsis yog qub lawm, nws tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev pheej yig dua los yuav nws ntawm 3.3v.
Hais txog koj qhov "tsis muaj tseeb"... koj yeej tsis tau ua ib daim layout tshiab los muab tso rau ntawm lub breadboard. Tsuas yog muab cov xov hlau tso rau ntawm lub breadboard ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cpld tso rau ntawm cov xov hlau. Lossis, yog tias koj tuaj yeem rub cov hluav taws xob thiab cov kab hauv av tawm ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv, siv 2 lub breadboard.
Txog Altium thiab Eagle. Koj puas tau xav txog KiCad? Nws tsis muaj kev txwv uas koj nyiam Altium dua Eagle, thiab los ntawm lub neej ntawd tsim cov yuam kev DRC rau txhua tus pin tsis txuas. Yog tias koj xav qhib lub pin, koj yuav tsum qhia nws. (Tej zaum tsuas yog rau cov tswv yim, tsis yog rau cov zis, thiab nws tseem tsis tau kuaj xyuas). Lwm qhov zoo heev yog tias nws yooj yim heev rau kev kawm. Nws tsuas yog siv sijhawm ib tav su, thiab phau ntawv qhia zoo heev tau ua rau kuv pib.
Kuv nyiam qhov (loj dua) smd saum lub qhov. Lawv yooj yim dua rau siv. Koj tsis tas yuav tig lub pcb txhua lub sijhawm. (Qee qhov yuam kev ruam tau ua vim yog mirroring ...). Thiab koj tsis tas yuav txiav cov hlau lead ntawm lub resistor. Thaum sib koom ib qho kev tsim, ntau pob khoom tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm PCB lossis ib feem. SMD resistor TH. (Nws ua rau qhov layout nyuaj me ntsis).
Kuv siv "KiCad Pib Siv" hauv hom ntawv pdf. Cov version qub uas kuv siv yog 29 nplooj ntawv, thiab cov version tshiab tshaj plaws muaj 52 nplooj ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav nws hauv lwm cov lus qhia (suav nrog cov txuas video): http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
Kuv paub tias [Chris Gemmell] los ntawm Hackaday thiab The Amp Hour tau ua ib qho series ntawm Kicad http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
Kicad tej zaum yuav muaj txiaj ntsig, cia kuv saib seb muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hauv Rev 2. Ua tsaug rau koj cov lus qhia. Cov tswv yim tsis txuas yog qhov zoo rau DRC (ERC), thiab rau cov khoom sib txuas thiab lwm yam uas ua rau lawv mos lossis IO, feem ntau cov lus CAD disconnect feem ntau tuaj yeem zam tau.
Khiav ib qho kev sim sai thiab muab lub connector pov rau hauv ib lub rooj khoob, khiav cov lus piav qhia thiab DRC. Nws ua rau kuv muaj qhov yuam kev DRC rau txhua tus pin. Txawm li cas los xij, kev cim cov pins uas tsis txuas nrog yog qhov yooj yim heev.
Teem rau passive. Kuv yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav (Kho kom raug Cheebtsam -> Kho kom raug nrog Library Editor. Tus editor tsev qiv ntawv qhib thiab thauj koj cov khoom hauv lub qhov rai sib cais, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas lossis hloov pauv ib feem ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom hloov pauv tuaj yeem txuag lossis hloov kho tshiab hauv Koj daim duab qhia. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim heev rau kev hloov cov khoom. Kuv tsis quav ntsej txog lub tsev qiv ntawv ntau. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj siv cpld, koj xav muab cov npe tseem ceeb rau cov pins. Qhov tseem ceeb dua, muaj lub interface zoo los tsim Koj tus kheej cov khoom.
Hauv KiCad's ERC, cov pins "unconnected" yog ib hom pin sib txawv ntawm "passive pins", thiab txhua lub pins "unconnected" yuav tsim cov yuam kev. Txoj kev uas ERC ua haujlwm tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim rau koj tus kheej nyiam: Cov Cuab Yeej -> Cov Cai Hluav Taws Xob -> Cov Kev Xaiv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-18-2021