He mea nui te taputapu arorau matatini ka taea te whakarite (CPLD) i roto i tō rārangi taputapu. E ai ki te ingoa, ka taea e koe te whakarite i ēnei maramara hei whakarato i ngā mahi arorau e hiahiatia ana e koe. He whakakapinga pea tēnei i ngā maramara tawhito, he huarahi noa rānei ki te ako me te whakamātau i ngā hangarau rerekē. He aha te huarahi pai ake ki te ako atu i te whakamahi i te CPLD me te whakamātau?
I hanga e au tētahi kōwae CPLD kia taea ai te mono atu ki ngā mea maha, tae atu ki ngā papa taro kore-whakapiri, engari i hē taku mahi. Te āhua nei ko te wāhi mono e wātea ana i runga i te papa taro kore-whakapiri he 1.1 inihi. Kua hanga e au te tapuwae kia 1 inihi te whānui, kāore he wāhi e toe ana mō tētahi rarangi waea i ngā taha e rua. Āe.
Engari, me hoki atu ahau ki te whakaatu i aku mahi, e hiahia ana ahau ki te hanga i tētahi arorau ka taea te whakarite ka taea te hanga hei kete, ka taea te whakapiri ngāwari ki te kāinga, ka taea te whakarite ki tētahi ara iahiko, ā, ka taea te mahi i te 3.3, i te 5 rānei ngā volts.
Hei whakatinana i tētahi kete ngāwari ki te whakapiri, i whakamahia e au tētahi wāhanga CPLD tawhito, e wātea ana hoki i roto i ngā putanga 3.3v me te 5v, ā, ka mau tonu tana hōtaka ahakoa te pūtake hiko. Ko te arorau tonu he IC CPLD mai i te raupapa Altera Max, e wātea ana i roto i ngā putanga e rua, e tika ana mō ngā papa hiko me ngā pūtau nui 32, 64 rānei. Ko ngā pūtau nui ngā poraka hanga arorau taketake e hōtakahia ana mā te whakamahi i ngā "kupu" arorau, kātahi ka hono atu ki ētahi atu pūtau nui mā roto i ngā hononga hōtaka.
Ki te titiro ki te hoahoa, ka kite koe kāore i te nui ngā ihirangi: ko te CPLD anake, ko te ara iahiko hōtaka i roto i te ara iahiko me te oscillator e akiaki ana i te arorau CPLD.
Ko te ingoa o tēnei wāhanga ko EPM7032 me EPM7064, e whakamahi ana i te kawe maramara arai kirihou 44-pine (PLCC), e kiia ana i ētahi wā ko te arai J nā te āhua J o te arai. Ka taea te whakauru i tēnei kete ki roto i tētahi putanga mā roto i te kōhao, te whakapiri tika rānei ki te PCB.
Kei roto he oscillator kei roto, kia taea ai e te CPLD te mahi i ngā mahi me te hanga i ngā kaute tere me te kore e hiahiatia he karaka o waho. Mena kei te wātea he karaka o waho, ka taea te whakamahi i te karaka tere-teitei i runga i te kōwae ki te hanga i tētahi huihuinga karaka i ia taha e piki ana, e heke ana rānei o te karaka o waho, me te whai tonu i ngā aratohu CPLD/FPGA, arā, me whakamahi koe i te whatunga karaka ā-ao o roto hei utu mō ngā puku "Asynchronous" e whakauru ana i te karaka. Ko te ngaohiko hiko kua whakatauria o tēnei oscillator kei waenga i te 1.8 me te 5.5 volts.
Ki te mātaki koe i te ataata, ka kite koe e kōrero ana ahau mō taku ake hiahia mō te whakahaere i te pine "INH" i runga i te oscillator; i muri i taku tirotiro he ture te pepa whakatakotoranga, ka tukuna e au kia mānu.
I te wā e pā ana ki ēnei mahi, ko ngā take i puta ake i roto i tōku hinengaro ko taku kore e pai ki te hono tika i ngā pine whakauru ki ngā ara hiko (mēnā ka taea). Arā, he pai ake ki ahau te whakamahi i ngā ātete raupapa hei whakawhāiti i te iahiko i ngā wā whakawhiti, ahakoa kāore e tika kia hiahiatia.
I roto i ngā tau, kua kite ahau i ētahi raruraru i roto i te hanga (ngā puranga nui), ā, i ētahi wā, nā ngā mea pēnei i te huringa hiko ka taea e ngā pine e hono tika ana ki te ara hiko te whai i te ngaohiko teitei ake i te maramara tonu, he mea kino tēnā. Hei whakamutunga, honoa te pine ki te ara hiko mā te ātete (ahakoa he hiko, he whenua rānei), ā, ka taea e te tangata te huri i ō rātou whakaaro ka whakamahi i te pine i muri mai. He pono rawa tēnei i roto i aku wheako me ngā tatau kāore i whakamahia, e mōhio ana pea koe kāore ēnei tatau e waiho kia mānu, kia kore rānei e hono. Mā te whakamahi i te ātete kume-ake, ka taea e koe te hono i te tohu me te whakamahi i te kēti me te kore e tapahi i ngā tohu parahi.
Ko te hononga 10-pin me ētahi ātete e hanga ana i te ara iahiko hōtaka. Mena he ātete kukume-ake ngā ātete katoa, ka whakamahia e au he whatunga ātete, engari, kua honoa tētahi ki te whenua.
Hei hōtaka i tētahi CPLD motuhake pēnei, me whai kaihōtaka motuhake. He māmā noa iho tēnei ki ahau, nā te mea he maha ngā mea kei te taha tonu o ahau, engari ki te kore āu, kāore e tino uaua ki te whakauru atu ki te kēmu. Ko te "Altera USB Blaster" kua whakaaetia ka hokona mō te $50, ā, ka taea te hoko mai i Digikey me ētahi atu wāhi. He maha aku tāruarua mai i Ebay, ko tētahi he tāruarua e tautoko ana i a Altera, Xilinx me Lattice i te wā kotahi. He kaupapa me he waehere kei runga i te Ipurangi ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i tō ake tāruarua, ka whakarārangihia e au ki taku rārangi o ngā ataata pea mō te kaupapa hanga tāruarua kaihōtaka. Ka whakaaturia hoki e au he hoahoa whakangungu rakau e taea ai te hōtaka i te papahoahoa, Arduino, PIC, me ētahi atu.
Kei te wātea noa mai i Altera te pūmanawa e hiahiatia ana hei whakahiato me te hōtaka i te CPLD, engari me whakamahi te putanga tawhito 9.1 mō tēnei wāhanga tawhito. Ko te rongo pai koia taku putanga tawhito tino pai. He tātari wā ngāwari tōna, engari i tangohia i te putanga o muri mai.
He hoahoa taha-rua māmā te PCB, mena ka uru te papa hiko ki roto, ka whakamahia e au te parahi hei whenua, ā, i ētahi wā ka whakamahia te hiko. I ētahi wā ka pakaru rawa te ringihanga, ā, ka raru pea, ka hē rānei ngā hua, nō reira he taputapu te ringihanga parahi anō, engari me whakahaere.
I ēnei rā, he maha (ki te kore te nuinga) o ngā kete pūmanawa CAD kei roto ngā tirohanga 3D o te hua whakamutunga, ahakoa he rite tonu te tika o ngā whakaahua ki ngā tauira 3D e whakamahia ana hei whakaatu i ngā wāhanga. I konei ka kite koe i te wāhi i whiriwhiria ai e au te tauira 3D mō te putanga 44-pine, te hononga hōtaka, me te oscillator. Anei ētahi kete 3D e pai ana ahau ki te whakamahi:
He maha ngā kamupene kei a rātou ngā tauira 3D o ā rātou wāhanga. Ko Molex tētahi tauira noa iho o tētahi kamupene kua mahi pai i tēnei mara.
Kāore te hapa i mahia e au e pā ki te āhua o te mahi, ehara hoki i te raru matua, arā, kāore e pai mō te papa parāoa kotahi kāore he whakapiri.
I taku whakaaro ka taea e au te whakapuaki i te hoahoa ki tetahi, kāore au i te tino makona ki ngā tohu hoahoa o te CPLD me te putanga pine o te hononga 40-pine, koinei tōna tapuwae whānui. I hopukia e au tētahi tohu hononga rarangi-rua 40-pine, ā, i whakatikatikaina kia 1-inihi te tapuwae, engari ehara ngā tau pine i te 1, 2, 3, 4... engari he nama 1 kei te taha pērā i te mōkihi DIP 3, 5, 7... pērā i ngā hononga taura rīpene. Nō reira, he tapuwae kore-mārama mō te whakatau me pēhea te hono atu ki te kōwae me te rapurongoā.
Waihoki, he ahua pōhēhē ngā whakaritenga pine CPLD, ā, i whakamahia e au he huinga taputapu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te Reo Whakaahuatanga Matawai Rohe (BSDL) hei waihanga tohu. He maha ngā kaihoko nui kei a rātou ngā kōnae BSDL e wātea ana mō ā rātou wāhanga matua, e āhei ai koe ki te waihanga (haurua-)aunoa i ngā tohu me ngā mōkihi. Pērā i ngā mahi aunoa katoa, me kite he taputapu, ā, me tirotiro anō pea kia pai ai ngā hua. I tēnei wā, i tukua e au kia whakarārangihia ngā pine i roto i te raupapa pīpāpā, he mea matapōkere noa iho i te wā e whai ana i ngā pine i runga i te papa. Ka taea e au te kī noa i tino manukanuka ahau i taua rā.
Ka utua e koe ēnei pokatata i tētahi wā i runga i te huarahi. Ina haere ahau ki te whakarerekē i tēnei kōwae, ka whakatauhia e au, ka hoatu he tūnga titi e ōrite ana ki te wāhanga tonu, kia mōhio ai koe ki te wāhi hei whakanoho i tō oscilloscope probe he ngāwari noa iho, pērā i te tirotiro noa i te tohu hoahoa.
Ina whakamahia ngā papa hiko, tera atu anō ngā whakapainga he ātaahua, he whai hua rānei. Me nui ake te whakamahi i te tohu pine 1 i roto i ētahi kete, ā, he pai ake ki ahau te whakamahi i tētahi pūwāhi whenua māmā hei hono i te whenua o te oscilloscope, i te taura VOM rānei. Tērā pea ka tāpirihia e au tēnei mā te tāpiri i tētahi hononga pine-rua kia taea ai te tuku tika i te mana me te whenua ki te papa, kaua e piri ki ngā pine o raro.
I mua i taku whakarerekētanga i te papa hiko, me whakarite kia tika tana mahi i raro i ngā take ā-tinana me te āhua. I muri i te whakakā me te whakaū kei te tika te mahi a te oscillator, ka monohia e au te kaihōtaka. Ahakoa he hou ake te putanga 3.3v i te pūmanawa hōtaka, i kitea e ia te CPLD, ā, i whakaaturia hei taputapu "kāore i te mōhiotia".
Muri iho, i hangaia e au he kaute i roto i a Quartus, ā, i tohua he tau pine. Mā te tere o te whakahiato me te tango ake me te mahi kaute e kitea ana e te oscilloscope e whakamana ana he taea te hoahoa.
He tino māmā te ara iahiko whakamātautau tere i roto i te Verilog. Kei raro nei te rārangi waehere. Ka taea e koe te tango i tētahi kōnae ZIP kei roto te kauwhata me te ara iahiko whakamātautau Verilog hei kaupapa Quartus II (me whai putanga 9.1).
E ai ki taku kōrero, ka whakahoutia e au te papa hiko kia nui ake te aro ki ngā taipitopito e hiahiatia ana i te wā e tohatoha ana i te hoahoa, e mahi ana rānei i ētahi momo rapurongoā. Nā te mea me whakatakoto e au te whānui o te hononga o raro ki te 0.9 inihi, iti iho rānei, ka taea tonu e au te whakatakoto ki te 0.6 inihi, he mōkihi DIP "whānui" paerewa. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te tuku i ngā pine o raro kia puta mai i te tapuwae o te hononga CPLD. Kāore au e mahi i tēnei i roto i te āhuatanga whakaputa nā te mea i huihuia ā-ringa i taua wā, engari ko tētahi o ngā whāinga he hanga i tētahi kete whakapiri-ā-ringa. Ko te raruraru whakapiri-ā-ringa ko te mea me noho te oscillator ki roto i tētahi whare whakairi mata SMD, he tino nui te putanga puta-kōhao, ā, kāore i te nuinga o te wā e tautoko ana i te awhe ngaohiko e hiahiatia ana e au.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei kōwae hei hanga i tētahi rorohiko tino māmā? Ki taku whakaaro me tāpiri he mahara.
Lol...āe, kei te momo rorohiko te tikanga. Heoi, ka pāngia ngā pūmana iti/rorohiko iti "tūturu" e te "hononga pine" o te kōwae, ko te tikanga kāore e taea e koe te tiki kupu nui mai i te kōwae hei mahi i tētahi mea tino whai hua.
I hanga e au tētahi pūmana wā me te aratau kāmera NTSC katoa, ko te rahi he 64, nō reira kāore he tukatuka e hiahiatia ana.
He rite tonu te Structural Verilog me te HDL i whakamahia i roto i te pukapuka Nand to Tetris.
He aha ngā wāhanga e puta ana i roto i te kōhao? He māmā noa te whakarewa 0805! Koinei te wā mō ngā kaihanga katoa ki te ako i tēnei pūkenga.
Ki te mea ka hanga e au te pūwero o runga kia taupoki i ngā titi kua whakapirihia mai i raro, ka taea e au te whakamahi i ngā pokapū "6" (he rite ki te maramara 40-titi) he whakarara rānei, me ētahi atu. Ka waiho noa iho tēnei hei whakapiri ā-ringa i ngā wāhanga mō te whakapiri i ngā taura o raro. Ko te pūwero o runga kei muri i ngā waewae.
Engari he uaua ki te hunga tīmata te honohono mai i raro. Ina honohono au i ngā pane mō te PCB o te papa taro (ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei papa urutau SMD iti te utu ka taea e koe te whakamahi i runga i te eBay mō te tauira), ka whakauruhia e au ngā pane ki roto i te papa taro, kātahi ka whakatakotoria te PCB ki runga, kātahi ka taea e au te honohono ngāwari. He tino pai mō ngā papa taro. Ki te hiahia koe ki te honohono mai i raro, he uaua ake.
Mena kei waenganui te CPLD (tērā pea he māmā ake te hono waea), ka taea te tāuta whakarara me te kore e taupatupatu, e 4 ngā rarangi, ka taea rānei te CPLD te noho ki tetahi taha:
Ngā mihi nui ki a koe mō te tohutohu kia whakauruhia te hononga ki te papa taro i mua i te whakapiringa. He ahua koretake taku.
Me pēhea ngā pine papa taro whakatakotoranga DIP i tetahi pito me te momo "dongle" o te putanga maramara i tetahi pito? Ka taea te whakairi i te maramara ki te pito o te papa taro. Ka piri te ara.
|####### ********************** |. Āe, i whakatau ahau ki te whakamahi i te putanga "kore utu" a Altera, pērā i ngā putanga "kore utu" a Xilinx me Lattice. Me mutu te huringa ki a Al Williams kia mārama ai ahau ki ngā mea e tautokona ana e ngā tautoko tuwhera katoa, me whakauru hoki ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te raupapa taputapu. Ahakoa tērā, he maha ngā mahi kua mahia e au me te putanga kore utu.
Ae, kei te whakaatu koe kei te taupatupatu te CPLD me ngā pine ki taku whakaaro. Ki te whai tika ahau, tera pea ka rite tēnei ki te putanga 2. I te wā e hoahoa ana mō te hanga (papatipu), he mate pāwera tonu ahau ki te taahiraa "huihuinga honohono-ā-ringa" nā te mea ka taupatupatu (ko ngā pine honohono kei te taha kore-wāhanga). ) He wāhanga honohono-ā-ringa kē) engari he kete iti noa iho tēnei, ehara i te hoahoa e aro ana ki te hanga. He maha aku whanonga e uaua ana ki te whakakore i tōku tau. 
Ki taku whakaaro he tino whai hua te papa hiko āhua-T me te CPLD me ngā wāhanga kore mahi me te wāhanga whānui āhua-T ina whakairihia ki te taha o te papa taro. He rite ki te Adafruit RasPi T-Cobbler (http://www.adafruit.com/products/2028). Mā tēnei ka wātea te nuinga o te wāhi papa taro.
Engari, mā te whakamutua ka tino whakawhāitihia tōna whakamahinga i ngā kaupapa taha, pērā i ngā kaihanga mahi katoa e hangai ana ki te XR2206 me te ICL8038.
He whakaaro whakamere tēnei. He pai ki ahau ēnei maramara e rua. Kāore te CPLD i tawhito, engari he huarahi iti ake te utu hei hoko mai i te 3.3v.
Mō tāu "koretake"... kāore koe i hanga i tētahi tahora hou hei whakatakoto ki runga i te papa taro. Whakatakotoria te waea ki runga i te papa taro i te tuatahi, kātahi ka whakatakotoria te cpld ki runga i te waea. Ki te taea rānei e koe te tango i ngā rīpene hiko me te whenua mai i tētahi o aua rīpene, whakamahia kia rua ngā papa taro.
Mō Altium me Eagle. Kua whakaarohia e koe te KiCad? Kāore he herenga e pai ake ai koe ki a Altium i a Eagle, ā, mā te taunoa ka puta he hapa DRC mō ngā pine katoa kāore i honoa. Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakatuwhera i tētahi pine, me kī atu koe. (Mō te whakauru anake pea, ehara i te putanga, ā, kāore anō kia tirohia). Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga pai ko te tino ngāwari ki te ako. Kotahi noa te ahiahi, ā, nā te pukapuka whakataki pai rawa atu ahau i tīmata ai.
He pai ake ki ahau te smd (wāhanga nui ake) i runga ake i te kōhao. He māmā ake te whakamahi. Kāore koe e hiahia ki te huri i te PCB i ngā wā katoa. (I puta ētahi hapa kuware nā te whakaata...). Ā, kāore koe e hiahia ki te tapahi i te arai o te ātete. Ina tohaina he hoahoa, ka taea te whakanoho i ngā mōkihi maha ki runga i te PCB, ki te wāhanga kotahi rānei. Ātete SMD TH. (Ka uaua ake te tahora).
I whakamahia e au te "KiCad Getting Started" i roto i te whakatakotoranga pdf. Ko te putanga tawhito i whakamahia e au he 29 whārangi, ā, ko te putanga hou he 52 whārangi. Ka kitea e koe i roto i ētahi atu akoranga (tae atu ki ngā hononga ataata): http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
E mōhio ana ahau i hanga e [Chris Gemmell] o Hackaday me The Amp Hour tētahi raupapa mō Kicad http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
Tērā pea he whai hua a Kicad, kia kite ahau i te aha ka puta i te Whakamārama 2. Ngā mihi mō ō whakaaro. He mea pai ngā tāuru kore hononga mō te DRC (ERC), ā, mō ngā hononga me ētahi atu mea e pupuri ana i a rātou kia ngohengohe, kia kore rānei e whakamahia te IO, ka taea te karo i te nuinga o ngā karere momotu CAD.
Whakahaerehia he whakamātautau tere, ka maka te hononga ki roto i tētahi ripanga kau, whakahaerea ngā tuhipoka me te DRC. I homai he hapa drc mō ia pine. Heoi, he tino māmā te tohu i ngā pine kāore i honoa.
Kua whakatakotoria ki te kore mahi. Me rapu au (Whakatika Wāhanga -> Whakatika me te Etita Whare Pukapuka. Ka whakatuwherahia e te ētita whare pukapuka, ka utaina tō wāhanga ki tētahi matapihi motuhake, ka taea e koe te tirotiro, te whakarerekē rānei i tētahi wāhanga o te wāhanga. Ka taea te tiaki, te whakahou rānei i te wāhanga kua whakarerekētia ki roto i tō mahere. Mā tēnei ka tino māmā te whakarerekē i ngā wāhanga. Kāore au e aro nui ki te whare pukapuka. Hei tauira, ki te whakamahi koe i te cpld, me tuku ingoa whai tikanga ki ngā pine. Ko te mea nui ake, he atanga pai hei hoahoa i ō ake wāhanga.
I roto i te ERC a KiCad, he rerekē ngā pine "kore hono" i ngā pine "kore hono", ā, ka puta he hapa i ngā pine "kore hono" katoa. Ka taea te whakarerekē ngāwari i te mahi a te ERC ki ō hiahia ake: Ngā Utauta -> Kaitirotiro Ture Hiko -> Ngā Kōwhiringa.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 18-2021