Matsalar samar da kayayyaki ta yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya, wadda a da ta sanya duniya cikin ciwon kai, yanzu tana murmurewa. Kebul mai lanƙwasa mai santsi, d ƙasa da 15 kuma tubalan tashar da za a iya haɗa su da phoenix ya kamata a lura.
Tun daga farkon watan Oktoba, Vietnam ta sassauta takunkumin killacewa sosai don inganta komawa ga ayyukan masana'antu a hankali. Malaysia, wacce kuma saboda sabuwar manufar rigakafin annoba, yanzu ta sake buɗe yawancin masana'antu, musamman a masana'antu masu yawan allurar riga-kafi, waɗanda galibi suna aiki yadda ya kamata.
Tare da yawan allurar riga-kafi da manufofin annobar COVID-19, masana'antu da yawa a yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya, bayan watanni na tsayawa cak, suna hanzarta dawo da aiki a kokarin dawo da tsarin samar da kayayyaki da ya karye.
Masana'antun yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya sun sake fara aiki
Yawancin kamfanonin da ke da masana'antu ko haɗin gwiwa a Vietnam sun ce cikakken samarwa kafin ƙarshen Nuwamba ba zai yi wahala ba a koma ga matakan da aka ɗauka kafin annobar.
Gwamnatin Vietnam ta ce a farkon watan Nuwamba cewa an ci gaba da samar da kayayyaki a kusan masana'antun sarrafa takalma na Nike 200 a faɗin Vietnam. A tsakiyar watan Yuli, kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na takalman Nike na ƙasar an tilasta musu dakatar da samarwa a ƙarƙashin manufar gwamnatin Vietnam ta shawo kan annobar, yayin da kusan rabin takalman nata an yi su ne a Vietnam. Intel da Samsung sun ce suna shirin ci gaba da samar da kayayyaki gaba ɗaya a birnin Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, nan da ƙarshen watan Nuwamba.
A cewar rahoton Ma'aikatar Tsare-tsare da Zuba Jari ta Vietnam, tare da aiwatar da manufar zama tare da annobar, kamfanoni a Vietnam sun farfaɗo a hankali a watan Oktoba, adadin komawar kamfanoni da samar da kayayyaki ya karu da kashi 29.8% a kowane wata, kuma sama da kashi 75% na ma'aikata sun koma aiki, wanda hakan ya rage matsin lambar karancin ma'aikata a kamfanoni.
A halin yanzu, fitar da kayayyaki daga Vietnam ya karu da kashi 6.4% a watan Oktoba idan aka kwatanta da watan da ya gabata. Abin lura shi ne, bayan watanni na gibin ciniki, Vietnam ta sake ci gaba da samun rarar cinikinta a wannan watan.
Masana'antun da ke samar da sassan motoci a Vietnam suna kuma dawo da ƙarfin aiki, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa wa masana'antun da ke sha'awar zuwan sassan a duniya.
Kamfanin Japan Guhe Electric, wanda ke kera kebul na wayar mota a Vietnam, ya ce nan ba da jimawa ba zai iya dawo da karfinsa 100%, kuma kamfanin ya dauki ma'aikata kusan 8,000 aiki a masana'antarsa da ke birnin Ho Chi Minh kawai.
Farfadowar Vietnam kaɗai bai isa ga tsarin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antar kera motoci ba, domin babban birnin da ke da manyan guntun motoci yana cikin Malaysia, amma Malaysia ma tana kan hanyar dawo da wadatar kayayyaki.
"Babban kamfanin da ke Ibao ya dawo yadda yake a da, amma yana aiki da kashi 80% ne kawai saboda ƙarancin ma'aikata," in ji John Chia (John Chia, shugaban Unisem (M), kamfanin na biyu mafi girma a Malaysia na shiryawa da gwaji na semiconductor.
Saboda barkewar cutar, an rufe Malaysia a duk fadin kasar tun watan Yuni, kuma masana'antar Yonisen da ke Ibao ta rufe na tsawon kwanaki 13 bisa umarnin gwamnati a watan Satumba. Rufe Henisen da sauran kamfanonin samar da motoci na Malaysia ya haifar da karancin guntun motoci a kasuwar duniya, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa manyan kamfanonin kera motoci da dama rage yawan samar da su.
Ma'aunin PMI na manajojin sayayya na masana'antu na Malaysia ya kai kashi 52.2% a watan Oktoba, daga kashi 48.1% a watan Satumba kuma mafi girman maki tun watan Afrilu, galibi saboda masana'antu sun sake fara aiki bayan rufewar gwamnati.
Sassan samar da kayayyaki suna murmurewa a hankali
Shugaban kamfanin Apple Tim Cook ya ce duk da cewa barkewar cutar a yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya ta shafi wadatar da Apple ke samarwa a cikin kwata na baya-bayan nan, hakan ya inganta tun daga watan Oktoba.
A Malaysia, Indonesia da Philippines, adadin sabbin wadanda suka kamu da cutar a rana guda ya ragu sosai. Sakamakon haka, tafiye-tafiyen kasuwanci a yankin shi ma yana murmurewa, wanda hakan ke kara inganta farfadowar sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
An sanya dogayen layuka a gaban Cibiyar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Singapore. Mutane da yawa sun yi tururuwa zuwa gidan yanar gizon New Airlines don duba jiragen sama da farashin tikiti. AirAsia ta ce amfani da manhajojin wayar salula ya karu da fiye da kashi 140 cikin 100 tun lokacin da gwamnatin Malaysia ta ɗage dokar hana zirga-zirga tsakanin jihohi.
Amma akwai manyan bambance-bambance a yawan allurar riga-kafi a tsakanin ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kuma barkewar cutar na iya bambanta, kamar Vietnam, Indonesia da Philippines, kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yawan jama'a. Kasashe kamar Malaysia, Singapore da Cambodia suna da fiye da kashi 70 cikin ɗari.
A lokaci guda, ƙarancin ma'aikata da matsalolin komawa aiki na ma'aikata har yanzu suna damun kamfanoni da yawa. Manford (Peter Mumford), shugaban ayyukan Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Kudancin Asiya a Eurasia Group (Eurasia Group), ya ce ƙarancin ma'aikata na iya jinkirta cikakken murmurewa tattalin arziki na tsawon watanni da yawa. Kamfanoni da yawa a yankunan sun ce duk da cewa babu rashin umarni, har yanzu suna kuskura su sanya hannu kan kwangiloli da yawa, galibi suna damuwa da rashin ma'aikata.
Jerin farfadowar tattalin arziki a ƙasashen ASEAN
Vietnam: Ingantaccen shiga cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki na duniya
Dangane da asalin barkewar cutar COVID-19 da ta kawo cikas ga sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya da ta yanki da kuma karuwar kariyar ciniki, sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki ta yanki (RCEP) ya zama muhimmin ci gaba a tsarin hadewar tattalin arzikin Vietnam, kuma ya kawo fa'idodi da yawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci.
Yarjejeniyar RCEP ta kawo damammaki da yawa ga Vietnam. Membobin RCEP sune mafi girman samar da kayan masarufi, kayan aiki da kayan haɗi a Vietnam, da kuma babbar kasuwa ga kayayyakin Vietnam. RCEP ta shafi babbar sarkar samarwa a duniya, don haka shiga tsakani cikin sauƙi da sauri tare da tattalin arzikin RCEP zai taimaka wa Vietnam samun ƙarin damammaki don shiga cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya da kuma ƙara rawar da Vietnam ke takawa a sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Rikicin ciniki tsakanin China da Amurka da barkewar COVID-19 sun kuma sa Vietnam ta haɗu da China da sauran kasuwanni a sarkar samarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da kyawawan damammaki ga Vietnam don jawo hankalin jarin ƙasashen waje.
Singapore: RCEP ta ƙara ƙarfin gwiwa kan ciniki da saka hannun jari
A matsayinta na memba ta farko a cikin ƙasashen ASEAN da ta kammala tsarin amincewa da RCEP a hukumance, RCEP za ta faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwar yarjejeniyar cinikayya kyauta da take da ita, faɗaɗa sararin tattalin arziki, haɓaka ci gaban ciniki da zuba jari, haɓaka gasa a kasuwannin yanki da na duniya, da kuma ƙara ƙarfafa matsayin cibiyar kuɗi ta duniya da cibiyar sufuri don taka muhimmiyar rawa.
A cewar hasashen tattalin arziki na shekara-shekara da Ofishin ASEAN + 3 (China, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu) ya fitar a kwata na farko na wannan shekarar, yawan shigar da kayayyaki a sarkar darajar duniya a Singapore ya kai kashi 60%, wanda ke nuna kusancin da ke tsakanin tattalin arzikinta da cinikayyar kasa da kasa. Cinikin shekara-shekara na Singapore ya kusa ninka GDP sau hudu. Bayan aiwatar da RCEP, zai taimaka wa Singapore wajen zurfafa hadin gwiwar kasashen waje, kara jawo hankalin jarin kasashen waje, fadada shigarta cikin sarkar darajar duniya, inganta sarkar masana'antu, bunkasa cinikayyar kamfanoni da kwarin gwiwar saka hannun jari, sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci da ƙara yawan shigo da kaya da fitar da kaya, faɗaɗa da ƙarfafa cinikin kasa da kasa da kuma ƙara gudunmawar da take bayarwa ga tattalin arziki.
Thailand: Masana'antar dillalai na nuna alamar murmurewa
Jimillar tallace-tallace a Thailand za su ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai kyau a kwata na huɗu na 2021, saboda ci gaban da aka samu a barkewar COVID-19 a China fiye da kwata na uku, a cewar rahoton Thai China Daily. Annobar COVID-19 da allurar riga-kafi ta cikin gida ta fara nuna alamun kyau, wanda hakan ya sa gwamnati ta sassauta dokar kulle-kullen da aka sanya wa ayyukan tattalin arziki daban-daban a kwata na huɗu na 2021, ciki har da shirin ba da damar masu yawon buɗe ido na ƙasashen waje su killace kansu da kuma la'akari da buɗe masana'antar nishaɗi, wanda ke nuna damar murmurewa tattalin arziki. Kayan da aka rufe za su taimaka wajen gina kwarin gwiwar masu amfani da kayayyaki da kuma samar da yanayin kashe kuɗi, kuma Cibiyar Bincike ta Kaitai da farko tana sa ran jimlar tallace-tallacen za su karu da kashi 1.4% a kwata na huɗu na 2021 daga raguwar kashi 1.2% na shekara-shekara a daidai wannan lokacin a bara.
Philippines: Farfadowar jarin ƙasashen waje ya wuce yadda ake tsammani
Babban bankin ya nuna cewa jimillar kudaden da aka zuba a fannin zuba jari kai tsaye na kasashen waje (FDI) na dala biliyan 6.37 daga watan Janairu zuwa Agusta 2021 ya kai dala biliyan 6.37, wanda ya karu da kashi 40% daga dala biliyan 4.56 a shekara da ta gabata, in ji rahoton Philippine Star. Daga cikinsu, kamfanonin kasashen waje sun zuba dala biliyan 4.51 a cikin rassansu na Philippines ta hanyar zuba jarin bashi, wanda ya karu da kusan kashi 72% a shekara, kuma sake zuba jarin kudin shiga ya karu da kashi 11% a shekara zuwa dala miliyan 776. Babban jarin ya fito ne daga Singapore, Japan, Amurka da sauran wurare, inda ya kwarara zuwa masana'antu, kudi, inshora, wutar lantarki, makamashi da filayen gidaje. Jimlar kudaden da aka zuba a fannin zuba jari ya kai dala miliyan 812 a watan Agusta, wanda ya karu da kashi 20% a shekara. Tasirin sabon zagayen COVID-19 a farkon shekara, babban bankin ya rage burin jawo hankalin jarin kasashen waje kai tsaye zuwa dala biliyan 7 a duk shekara, kuma farfado da jarin kasashen waje ya wuce tsammanin da ake tsammani.
Indonesiya: Ribar ciniki ta kai matsayi mafi girma
Ribar cinikin Indonesia ta kai wani matsayi mafi girma a watan Oktoba, inda ta kai dala biliyan 5.73 (a da dala biliyan 4.74 a watan Agusta na 2021). A lokaci guda kuma, fitar da kayayyaki daga Indonesia ta kai matsayi mafi girma na dala biliyan 22.03, inda fitar da ma'adinai ya kai dala biliyan 4.53, mafi girman karuwar da aka samu a wata-wata na kashi 20%. China ta kasance mafi yawan fitar da kayayyaki daga Indonesia a wannan watan, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 28% na jimillar fitar da kayayyaki daga watan.
Malaysia: An sake bude sama da kashi 90% na fannin tattalin arziki
A cewar Ministan Kudi na Malaysia Donggzaflu, a cikin kwata na uku na 2021, jarin da aka zuba kai tsaye a kasashen waje ya karu da dala biliyan 12.8, inda kudaden shiga na kasashen waje suka zarce dala biliyan 30 a cikin watanni tara na farko na wannan shekarar, in ji rahoton Nanyang Business Daily. Malaysia ta ce jimillar kayayyakin da take samarwa a cikin gida (GDP) sun karu da kashi 3% a cikin watanni tara na farko na shekarar kuma sun ragu da kashi 6.4% a bara. Ya lura cewa Malaysia tana kan hanyar murmurewa, kuma sama da kashi 90% na tattalin arzikin ya sake budewa kuma ya sake ci gaba da yawancin ayyukan zamantakewa. Ma'aikatar kudi tana sa ran tattalin arzikin kasar zai bunkasa daga kashi 3% zuwa 4% a shekarar 2021, kuma daga kashi 5.5% zuwa 6.5% a shekara mai zuwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-23-2021