TL;DR: I-EN 13356 ichaza ukusebenza okuncinci kokubuyiselwa kwembonakalo yangaphambili kwii-reflectors zokhuseleko lwabahambi ngeenyawo ezingenamandla ezinxitywa emzimbeni. IFinland ngokomthetho ifuna abahambi ngeenyawo ukuba banxibe ii-reflectors ezindleleni ezingenazibane; iSweden, iNorway, neDenmark zilindele kakhulu. Abathengisi baseNordic baya kugatya imveliso engaqinisekiswanga. Ii-reflectors ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezikwiimo ezithile zophawu zinokufikelela ekuthotyelweni kwe-EN 13356 ukuba i-reflective sheeting ihlangabezana nemida yomgangatho we-coefficient-of-retroreflection kunye novavanyo lokuqina. Iimpawu ezingena kwiimarike zaseScandinavia kufuneka ziqale ukufumana ii-reflector kwiiveki ezili-12 ngaphambi komhla wokuthunyelwa kwaye zigxininise kumaxwebhu okuthobela avavanywe elebhu. Jonga ikhathalogu ye-reflector ye-OEM ye-NBjge kwiinketho eziqinisekisiweyo nezinokulungiselelwa.
1. Ingxaki yoKubonakala kweNordic: Ubumnyama, iNtshukumo, kunye neXesha lokuphendula loMqhubi
Ubusika baseScandinavia obukwindawo ephezulu buvelisa iifestile zobumnyama zemihla ngemihla ezitya uninzi lweeyure zokusebenza emva komsebenzi. EStockholm, ukutshona kwelanga kuphela ngaphambi kwentsimbi yesi-3:00 emva kwemini ngexesha le-solstice yasebusika. ETromso, ubusuku obukwindawo ebandayo buhlala iiveki. Abagijimi abaxhomekeke emini ukuze babonakale bajongene nokungafani kwesakhiwo phakathi kweshedyuli yabo yoqeqesho kunye nokukhanya okufumanekayo.
Uyilo lwempahla yokubaleka kwezi marike alunakwahlulwa kubunjineli bokubonakala. Ijakethi esebenza kakuhle kwitonela yomoya kodwa inyamalale phantsi kwee-headlights ayisebenzi kakuhle kumthengi wayo ekujoliswe kuye. Umngeni woyilo asikokongeza nje iteyiphu ekhanyayo -- kukudibanisa izinto eziqinisekisiweyo zokubonakalisa emva ezisinda kwiingxaki zoqeqesho lwasebusika lwaseNordic: amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero, ikhephu elimanzi, iikristale zomkhenkce ezirhabaxa, kunye nokuhlamba impahla ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kulapho umgangatho we-EN 13356 uba yireferensi ecacileyo yamaqela emveliso.
Amazwe aseNordic ahlala ephakathi kwamazwe abaleka kakhulu kwihlabathi ngomntu ngamnye. IFinland, iSweden, neNorway zizonke zibonelela ngezigidi zeembaleki zokuzonwabisa eziqeqesha unyaka wonke. Aba bathengi bafundiswa ngetekhnoloji yokubonakalisa ukhuseleko -- uninzi lwabo lukhule lunxiba izinto zokubonakalisa ukhuseleko lwabo besebancinci kwaye bayaqhubeka nalo msebenzi sele bebadala. Bayawuqonda umahluko phakathi kwesixhobo sokubonakalisa ukhuseleko esiqinisekisiweyo se-EN 13356 kunye noshicilelo lwesinyithi oluhombisayo olukhazimlayo phantsi kwefoto yefleshi kodwa lubonelela ngokukhanya okuncinci phantsi kwejometri yokukhanya kwentloko yokwenyani.
Izibane zemoto zikhanyisa umphezulu wendlela malunga neemitha ezingama-60-100 ngaphambili phantsi kweemeko eziphantsi kokukhanya. Kwi-70 km/h, umqhubi kufuneka ahambe malunga neemitha ezingama-35 ukuze ame. Umntu ohamba ngeenyawo onxibe iimpahla zemidlalo ezimnyama ubonakala xa ejikeleze malunga neemitha ezingama-25-30 -- kufutshane kakhulu ne-braking envelope. Isixhobo esinye sokukhusela abahamba ngeenyawo sandisa loo mgama wokubona ukuya kwiimitha ezili-150 nangaphezulu, nto leyo enika umqhubi ixesha elongezelelweyo lokuphendula ngaphezu kwemizuzwana esixhenxe.
Kwiimpawu zezixhobo zokuqhuba, oku akuyonto ibalulekileyo. Yimfuneko yokhuseleko lwemveliso echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba umthengi uyasinda na kuqeqesho lwasebusika. Abathengi baseNordic bayakuqonda oku ngokwemvelo, kwaye balindele ukuba iimpahla zabo zijongane nako.
2. Oko kuthethwa yi-EN 13356 ngokwenene
EN 13356 ngumgangatho waseYurophu ohambelanayo onesihloko esithi "Impahla yokuzikhusela -- Izixhobo ezibonakalayo zokusetyenziswa okungengomsebenzi wobungcali -- Iindlela neemfuno zovavanyo." Isebenza kwizixhobo ezingasebenzisi mandla, ezibonisa umva ezenzelwe ukunxitywa ngabahambi ngeenyawo, abakhweli beebhayisekile, kunye nabanye abasebenzisi beendlela abasengozini.
Lo mgangatho uchaza ukusebenza kwiindidi ezintathu:
- I-Retroreflection coefficient (RA): Ilinganiswa nge-cd/lux·m² kwindawo echaziweyo yokujonga kunye nee-engile zokungena. Iphepha elimhlophe okanye lesilivere kufuneka lifikelele kumaxabiso e-RA aqhelekileyo angaphezu kwama-300 cd/lux·m² kwindawo ebonakeleyo ye-0.2° / 5° geometry ye-engile yokungena. Izinto ezinemibala zinemida esezantsi ngokulinganiselayo kodwa zisenekhowudi.
- Iimfuno zemibala: Ii-Chromaticity coordinates ziqinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya okubonakalayo kubonakala kumhlophe, tyheli, okanye kubomvu-orenji -- imibala ebonakala kakhulu kwinkqubo yokubona yomntu phantsi kweemeko ze-scotopic kunye ne-mesopic.
- Ukuqina: IiReflectors kufuneka zigcine amaxabiso aphantsi eRA emva kokuchaphazeleka kukukrala, ukujikeleza kobushushu phakathi kwe -20°C kunye ne +50°C, kunye nemvula eqikelelweyo. Eli licandelo elibaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo zokubaleka zasebusika zaseNordic, apho iiReflectors zinyamezela ukugoba okuphindaphindiweyo, ukudibana nokubila, ukukrala kwekhephu, kunye nokugcinwa okungaphantsi kwe-zero.
Iimveliso ezidlula zonke iindidi ezintathu zifumana ilungelo lokuthwala uphawu lwe-EN 13356 kunye ne-pictogram eqhelekileyo ye-retroreflective triangle. Ngaphandle kwayo, i-reflector yinto yokuhombisa nje -- ekhanyayo ngokubonakalayo kwiimeko ezilawulwayo kodwa engaqinisekiswanga phantsi kweemeko ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko kwihlabathi lokwenyani.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, i-EN 13356 ivavanya indibano yokubonakalisa egqityiweyo, kungekuphela nje kwezinto eziluhlaza ezifakwe kwi-sheeting. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-adhesive backing, i-edge sealing, i-protective overlays, kunye ne-substrate apho i-reflector isetyenziswa khona zonke zichaphazela ukuba imveliso yokugqibela iyadlula na. Uphawu alunakuthembela kwiphepha ledatha lezinto kuphela; kufuneka lufumane iingxelo zovavanyo zoqwalaselo oluthile lwemveliso oluya kuthunyelwa kwimpahla.
3. Umthetho waseFinland kunye nolindelo lweMarike eBanzi yaseNordic
UMthetho wezoThutho eziNdleleni waseFinland (iTieliikennellaki, iCandelo 69) uyalela ukuba abahambi ngeenyawo abahamba ezindleleni ngaphandle kokukhanya kwesitalato phakathi kokutshona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga kufuneka banxibe i-reflector. Ukunyanzeliswa kuyinyani: amapolisa ebekhupha amaphulo okhokelo kangangeminyaka emininzi, kwaye abathengi baseFinland baphatha i-reflectors njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo, kungekhona izixhobo zokuzikhethela. Ukungena kwenkcubeko kuphantse kube yinto eqhelekileyo -- kuqhelekile ukubona abahambi ngeenyawo baseFinland benxibe i-reflectors ezininzi ngaxeshanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
ISweden, iNorway, neDenmark azibabekeli xanduva olusemthethweni abantu abadala abahamba ngeenyawo, kodwa indlela esebenza ngayo kwimarike iyafana. Abathengisi abakhulu baseNordic abangaphandle nabasebenza ngaphandle -- kuquka i-Intersport Scandinavia, iStadium, iXXL, kunye nenethiwekhi yokusasazwa kweenqwelo-mafutha yaseKarhu eFinland -- bafuna ukuthotyelwa kwe-EN 13356 njengomqathango wokubekwa eshelufini. Uphawu olungena kwimarike ngaphandle kwezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya eziqinisekisiweyo lujongene nokungafunwa kwangoko ngabathengi abaziyo ukuba abathengi babo balindele ubungqina bokusebenza.
Olu tshintsho ludala umthetho ocacileyo wokuthenga: Ukuba impahla yakho yokubaleka ithunyelwa kwiimarike zaseNordic, yonke into ebonakalisayo kufuneka ibe nesatifikethi se-EN 13356. Ayinakuxoxiswana.
4. Indlela ezisebenza ngayo iiReflectors: iiMicroprismatic vs. iiGlass Bead Technologies
Iiteknoloji ezimbini zokuhlaziya ukhuseleko zabahambi ngeenyawo zilawula imarike yezibonisi zokhuseleko zabahambi ngeenyawo:
Iingubo zeglasi ezihonjisiweyo
Iingqayi ezincinci zeglasi (ezihlala ziyi-40-90 microns ububanzi) zifakwe kumaleko wepolymer oxhaswe yingubo yesipili yesinyithi. Ukukhanya okungenayo kungena kwi-bead nganye, kuyajika kujonge kwindawo ephambili, kubonakale kwingubo engasemva, kwaye kubuye kwindlela yesiganeko. I-Glass bead sheet ingabizi kakhulu, iyaguquguquka, kwaye ifumaneka ngokubanzi. Le yiteknoloji efumaneka kakhulu kwiiteyiphu ezibonisa ukuthunga kunye ne-iron-on kwiimpahla.
Ubuchwepheshe beentsimbi zeglasi busebenzele ishishini lokhuseleko kangangeminyaka emininzi kwaye buhlala busebenza kakhulu kwiimpawu zendlela kunye neempahla zokusebenza ezibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimpahla zokubamba, bunemida. Umaleko wesibuko sesinyithi wongeza ukuqina, kwaye i-bead-matrix composite ityebile ngeyunithi nganye yokusebenza kokubuyisa umva. Xa uphawu lufuna isibonisi esincinci, esiguquguqukayo, esidityaniswe nempahla esihambelana nomphezulu womzimba ogobileyo, i-glass bead sheet idla ngokufuna iindawo ezinkulu zomphezulu ukuze kufezekiswe ukukhanya okufanayo nokwenye indlela ye-microprismatic.
Iiphepha zeMicroprismatic
Iiprism zekona zetyhubhu ezicwangciswe ngokuchanekileyo ezibunjwe zaba yipolycarbonate okanye ifilimu ye-acrylic zifezekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwindawo nganye. Ii-microprismatic reflectors zibonelela ngexabiso le-RA eliphindwe kabini ukuya kane kunee-glass bead equivalents ngobukhulu obufanayo. Zikwagcina ukusebenza kwii-engile zokungena ezibanzi, nto leyo ibalulekileyo xa umzimba womgijimi ujikeleza kwiindawo ezininzi ngexesha lokuhamba.
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza zeNordic running gear, i-microprismatic sheeting inika inzuzo ebalulekileyo: ukukhanya okuphezulu kwi-thinner gauge kuthetha ukuba ii-reflectors zinokudityaniswa kwimpahla ngaphandle kokongeza ubukhulu okanye ukuqina. Iimilo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezenziwe ngefilimu ye-microprismatic zigcina ukuguquguquka kwaye zihambelana neendawo ezigobileyo ezifana nemikhono, amahlombe, kunye ne-calf wraps.
Kutheni Ukukhetha iTekhnoloji Kubalulekile kwiSatifikethi
Ayizizo zonke ii-microprismatic sheeting ezidlula ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-EN 13356. Umgangatho uvavanya indibano yokubonakalisa egqityiweyo -- kuquka i-adhesive backing, i-edge sealing, kunye nayo nayiphi na i-protective overlay -- kungekuphela nje i-raw sheeting. Iimpawu kufuneka zigxininise kwiingxelo zovavanyo zemveliso epheleleyo, kungekuphela nje kwiinkcukacha-manani zezinto ezibonakalayo.
5. IiReflectors zeMilo eKhethekileyo: Inkululeko yoYilo ngaphakathi kweMida yokuthobela imithetho
Iimpawu zempahla ezibalekayo zahlula ngokwesilingi, umbala, kunye nomfanekiso wemizobo. Umcu oqhelekileyo wokubonakalisa unxande othungelwe kwiphaneli yangasemva yejakethi ubonisa ukhuseleko kodwa kungekhona uphawu. Izinto zokubonakalisa ezimile ngokwezifiso zisombulula olu xinzelelo ngokudibanisa ukubonakala kophawu kunye nokusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo.
Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokusika iidayi zinokuvelisa phantse nayiphi na imilo enamacala amabini ukusuka kwi-EN 13356-certified sheeting:
- Iimpawu zelogo: Uphawu lophawu oluvezwe ngezinto ezibonisa umva, olusetyenziswa esifubeni, emqolo, okanye kwisikhongozeli.
- Iimpawu zejometri: Ii-chevrons ezimbombo, i-silhouettes zeentaba, okanye iimilo ezingabonakaliyo ezihambelana nolwimi loyilo lophawu.
- Imida yokusebenza: Imibhobho ekhanyayo elandela imigca yomthungo, iteyiphu ye-zipper, okanye imida yeepaneli zomoya.
- Iisilhouettes zabagijimi: Iimilo ezifana nezomntu ezisebenza njenge-brand motif kunye ne-high-ebonakalayo.
- Iimpawu zeflegi kunye nee icon: Iipateni zeNordic cross, izinto zeflegi yesizwe, okanye iimpawu zemidlalo ethile (iipali zokutyibiliza, iimpawu zendlela) ezihambelana nabathengi baseScandinavia.
- Imisebenzi yobugcisa yexesha elithile okanye enokushicilelwa okulinganiselweyo: Iimilo ezibonisa izinto eziqokelelweyo ezinxulumene neziganeko ezithile ezifana neHelsinki City Running Day, iStockholm Marathon, okanye iOslo Winter Run.
Amandla okudala adlulela ngaphaya kweendawo zokubonakalisa ezizimeleyo. Iimpawu ziya zidibanisa izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya kwisakhiwo sempahla iyonke -- zibeka izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya ezikwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo zebhayoloji apho zibamba khona imisebe yezibane zentloko ngempumelelo ngexesha lomjikelo wokuhamba. Ithole langaphandle, idyokhwe yomqolo ongaphezulu, kunye neeblade zamagxa zezona ndawo zintathu zibonakalayo kakhulu kwimbaleki ehambayo, njengoko ezi ndawo zijongene nesithuthi esisondelayo ixesha elide ngexesha lomgama ngamnye. Inkqubo yokubonakalisa eyilwe kakuhle ibeka izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya ezinkulu kwezi ndawo kunye nezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya ezincinci kwimikhono nakwiipaneli ezisecaleni ukwenza isithunzi somntu esibonakalayo kuzo zonke iikona zokusondela.
Umda wokuthobela umthetho ulula: indawo iyonke yomphezulu ophinda ubonakale kwakhona kufuneka ihlangabezane nendawo echanekileyo echazwe yi-EN 13356, kwaye izinto ezifakelwayo kufuneka zifezekise ngokuzimeleyo amaxabiso e-RA afunekayo. Ilogo eqingqiweyo ene-40 cm² yomphezulu we-microprismatic eqinisekisiweyo isebenza ngendlela efanayo kwirectangle engama-40 cm² yento efanayo -- i-geometry ayiwonakalisi ukuphinda ubonakale kwakhona lo gama nje iiprism zihlala zinjalo ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika.
Umgangatho womphetho ngexesha lokusika idayi ke ngoko lutshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimveliso. Ukusika nge-laser kunye nokusika nge-steel-rule zombini zivelisa imiphetho ecocekileyo engahlukanisi okanye engayibaxiyo isakhiwo seprism. Umgca wemveliso we-NBjge isebenzisa iidayi zesinyithi ezichanekileyo ezilungiselelwe iifilimu ze-microprismatic, iqinisekisa ukuba iimilo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zigcina ukusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo ukusuka kwinqaku lokuqala ukuya ekuthunyelweni kokugqibela.
6. Uluhlu lokujonga iinkcukacha ze-OEM zeeMveliso zeZixhobo zokuSebenza
Xa kufunyanwa izibonisi ezihambelana ne-EN 13356 zengqokelela yokuqhuba ubusika yaseNordic, amaqela ophuhliso lwemveliso kufuneka achaze oku kulandelayo kwinqanaba le-RFQ:
| Ipharamitha | Inkcazelo Ecetyiswayo | Amanqaku |
|---|---|---|
| Umgangatho wesatifikethi | EN 13356:2001+A1:2007 (uhlobo oluhambelanayo lwangoku) | Qinisekisa ukuba ingxelo yovavanyo ibhekisa kuhlelo oluchanekileyo oluqhelekileyo |
| Ubuncinane be-RA (mhlophe/isilivere, 0.2°/5°) | ≥ 330 cd/lux·m² | Ukudlula ubuncinci kunika umda wokhuseleko ekusebenzeni okuwohlokileyo |
| Uluhlu lobushushu | -30°C ukuya ku +60°C iyasebenza | Yandisa ngaphaya kwemfuneko eqhelekileyo kwiimeko eziqatha zaseNordic |
| Iinketho zombala | Umhlophe, umthubi okhanyayo, orenji okhanyayo | Imibala ekhanyayo yongeza ukubonakala kwasemini kodwa iqinisekisa ubuninzi be-chromaticity ngokwe-EN 13356 Itheyibhile 1 |
| I-adhesive exhasayo | I-adhesive ethintela ubushushu okanye ethintela uxinzelelo ekumgangatho welaphu elinganiswe ukuya kuthi ga kwi -30°C | Kufuneka uphumelele uvavanyo lokuqina lwe-EN 13356 emva kokufaka kwilaphu |
| Indawo encinci yokubonakalisa ngeyunithi nganye | ≥ 15 cm² | Iimpawu ezininzi zaseNordic zijolise kwi-20-50 cm² kwindawo nganye yokubonisa ukuze kubonakale ngcono |
| Ubunzima bobume | Umzobo wobugcisa owenziwe ngokwezifiso owenziwe ngohlobo oluthile | Nika umsebenzi wobugcisa bevektha (.ai okanye .eps); ubuncinane ububanzi beempawu zangaphakathi yi-2mm |
| Ukuqina kokuhlamba | ≥ imijikelo yokuhlamba yasekhaya engama-25 kwi-40°C ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwe-RA engaphezulu kwe-15% | Kubalulekile kwizibonisi ezidityaniswe neempahla; cela idatha yovavanyo lokuhlamba ngokwahlukeneyo |
Ukufaka olu luhlu lokuhlola kwi-RFQ yakho yokuqala kubonisa umthengisi ukuba uyayiqonda imigangatho kwaye ulindele ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho okuqinisekisiweyo -- kungekuphela nje ibango lokuthengisa.
7. Ityala leShishini: Kutheni iiReflectors eziQinisekisiweyo zingeyiyo indawo yokuhlawula iindleko
Abaphathi bemithombo ngamanye amaxesha baphatha ii-reflectors njengezixhobo zomgca--- ukusika okuncinci ekufuneka kuncitshiswe ukuze kubekho imajini. Olu lwakhiwo lubuyela umva kwiimarike zaseNordic.
Ukugcinwa kwesango lomthengisi: Njengoko kuphawuliwe apha ngasentla, abathengisi baseNordic banyanzelisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-EN 13356 njengemfuneko yokubhalisa. Iimveliso ezingathobeliyo azifikeleli kwishelufu. Ixabiso lengxelo yovavanyo lwesatifikethi -- ngesiqhelo lixabisa amakhulu ambalwa ee-euro ngelebhu evunyiweyo -- lincinci xa lithelekiswa nengeniso elahlekileyo yokuthunyelwa okwaliweyo.
Itrasti yebhrendi: Abathengi baseNordic baphakathi kwabadlali bangaphandle abaqaphela kakhulu ukhuseleko kwihlabathi liphela. Uphawu lwe-EN 13356 olukwijakethi yokubaleka luphawu lokuthemba olufana nophawu lwe-CE kwi-elektroniki. Lubonisa ukuba uphawu lutyale imali kukhuseleko olunokungqinisiswa endaweni yezinto zokuhombisa.
Ukuzimisela kwabathengi ukuhlawula: Uphando oluninzi lweemarike zaseNordic lubonisa ukuba abagijimi babeka ukubonakala phakathi kweendlela zabo ezintathu eziphambili zokuthenga iimpahla zangaphandle zasebusika, kunye nokufakwa kobushushu kunye nolawulo lokufuma. IiReflectors azibonwa njengezongezo zeendleko kodwa njengesici esibalulekileyo somsebenzi. Iimpawu ezibonisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-EN 13356 kwiingxelo zazo zemveliso kunye neenkcazo ze-hangtag zihlala zixela amazinga aphezulu okuguqulwa kwifestile yokuthengisa ukusuka ngo-Okthobha ukuya kuMatshi xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabo abaphatha izinto ezikhanyayo njengezinto ezincinci.
Ukuncitshiswa koxanduva: Kwimeko yengozi yendlela ebandakanya umgijimi onxibe impahla yophawu, ukubakho okanye ukungabikho kwee-reflectors eziqinisekisiweyo kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kuhlalutyo loxanduva lwemveliso. Ii-reflectors eziqinisekisiweyo zibonelela ngobungqina obubhaliweyo bokuba uphawu luhlangabezane nomgangatho wokhuseleko ofanelekileyo.
Ixabiso ngeyunithi nganye liphantsi: Izibonisi ze-EN 13356 ezisikiweyo ngokwezifiso ezivela kumthengisi onje NBjge Ngokwesiqhelo yongeza ngaphantsi kwe-EUR 0.15-0.40 ngeyunithi nganye kwii-MOQs ze-1,000+. Kwi-retail yejakethi yokubaleka ethengiswa nge-EUR 120-200, iindleko zokubonakalisa yimpazamo yokujikeleza enika ixabiso elikhulu lokhuseleko kunye nelorhwebo.
8. Inkqubo yokufumana izinto: Ukusuka kumsebenzi wobugcisa ukuya kwimveliso eqinisekisiweyo
Indlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwe-OEM yee-reflectors ze-EN 13356 ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ilandela olu landelelwano:
- Ingcaciso yoyilo: Le nkampani inika ubugcisa bevektha obufana nobo bufunekayo, ichaza ubukhulu, umbala, kunye nendawo eza kubekwa kuyo impahla.
- Ukukhetha izinto: Umenzi wesixhobo sokubonisa ucebisa umgangatho we-microprismatic sheeting ngokusekelwe kwisicelo (ukuthunga, ukudlulisa ubushushu, i-adhesive patch) kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.
- I-prototype die-cut kunye nesampulu: Iidayi ze-steel-rule zenziwa kwaye kwenziwa ii-reflectors zesampulu. Olu phawu luvavanya ukufaneleka, ukuvakalelwa ngesandla, kunye nomgangatho wokubonakala kwiiprototypes zempahla.
- Uvavanyo lwe-EN 13356: Iisampuli ezigqityiweyo zithunyelwa kwilabhoratri evunyiweyo ukuze kujongwe kwakhona, kujongwe imibala, kwaye kuvavanywe ukuqina. Inguqu idla ngokuba ziiveki ezi-2-4.
- Imvume yokuvelisa: Emva kokuphumelela iziphumo zovavanyo, uphawu luyayivuma loo nkcazelo. Umenzi we-reflector uqalisa ukuvelisa ngobuninzi ngokuhlola i-RA kwi-intanethi.
- Ukuthunyelwa kunye namaxwebhu e-QC: Iloti nganye yemveliso ithunyelwa nesatifikethi sokuhambelana nengxelo yovavanyo lwe-EN 13356, kunye neerekhodi zokuhlolwa kobukhulu kunye nokubonakalayo.
Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, uqeqesho lonxibelelwano phakathi kophawu kunye nomthengisi we-reflector lubalulekile. Ukuphambuka okuncinci kwi-adhesive formulation, i-die sharpness, okanye i-sheeting batch kunokuchaphazela amaxabiso okugqibela okubuyiselwa kwe-retroreflection. Ubudlelwane obuthembekileyo be-OEM buseka uxwebhu lwenkcazo yemveliso oluvala yonke into eguquguqukayo -- ukusuka kumenzi we-sheeting kunye nomgangatho ukuya kuhlobo lwe-adhesive, ukunyamezelana kwe-die-cut, kunye nendlela yokupakisha -- kwaye lubhekisa ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-EN 13356 yokuqala njengesiseko sokwamkelwa.
Kuyafaneleka kwakhona ukuqaphela ukuba isiqinisekiso se-EN 13356 sinamathela kulungiselelo lwemveliso egqityiweyo. Ukuba uphawu lutshintsha ubukhulu besibonisi, umbala, iglu engasemva, okanye isiseko esisetyenzisiweyo emva kovavanyo lokuqala, imveliso inokufuna ukuvavanywa kwakhona. Amaqela emveliso kufuneka aphathe iinkcukacha zesibonisi njengoxwebhu olulawulwayo, apho naluphi na utshintsho lubangela uphononongo ngokuchasene nobubanzi besiqinisekiso esikhoyo.
I-NBjge ixhasa olu hambo lupheleleyo oluvela kwiziko layo lemveliso laseNingbo, elibonelele ngeemveliso ezibonisa umva kwiimpawu zezixhobo zokhuseleko zaseYurophu kangangeminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Le nkampani igcina iingxelo zovavanyo ze-EN 13356 kwipotifoliyo yayo esemgangathweni yokubeka isheyiphu kwaye iququzelela ukuhanjiswa kovavanyo olutsha lweemilo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokungeniswa kwe-OEM.
Iimpawu eziqala ingqokelela yeNordic ebusika kufuneka ziqalise ukufumana izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya ubuncinane iiveki ezili-12 ngaphambi komhla wokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa ukuze kuvunyelwe ukwenziwa kwezinto, ukusampulu, ukuvavanywa, kunye nexesha lokuqalisa imveliso.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ithini imigangatho ye-EN 13356 yezinto ezibonisa ukhuseleko lwabahambi ngeenyawo?
I-EN 13356 ngumgangatho ohambelanayo waseYurophu ochaza iimfuno zokusebenza kwezibonisi zokhuseleko lomntu ezingasebenzisi mandla ezenzelwe ukunxitywa ngabahambi ngeenyawo. Ichaza amanqanaba aphantsi okubonakalisa umva, imiqathango yokuqina, kunye neenkcukacha zombala ukuze abaqhubi bakwazi ukubona umntu onxibe isibonisi kumgama okhuselekileyo. Uhlelo lwangoku olukhankanyiweyo yi-EN 13356:2001+A1:2007.
Ngaba isiqinisekiso se-EN 13356 siyimfuneko ngokusemthethweni kumazwe aseNordic?
EFinland, ukunxiba i-reflector kuyimfuneko ngokusemthethweni kubantu abahamba ngeenyawo abahamba ezindleleni ngaphandle kokukhanya kwesitalato phakathi kokutshona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga. ISweden, iNorway, neDenmark azigunyazisi ngokomthetho ukuba abantu abadala basebenzise i-reflectors, kodwa okulindelweyo kwimarike kunye neemfuno zabathengisi zikhetha kakhulu iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ze-EN 13356. Abathengisi abakhulu baseNordic ngokubanzi abayi kugcina i-reflectors zobuqu ezingaqinisekiswanga.
Ngawaphi amaxabiso okuhlaziya afunekayo kwi-EN 13356?
I-EN 13356 ifuna ubuncinci be-coefficient yokujonga kwakhona (i-RA, elinganiswa kwi-cd/lux·m²) kwii-engile zokujonga ezithile kunye nee-engile zokungena. Kwizinto ezimhlophe okanye zesilivere, umgangatho uhlala ufuna amaxabiso e-RA angaphezu kwama-300 cd/lux·m² kwi-engile yokujonga ye-0.2° kunye ne-engile yokungena ye-5°. Izinto ezinemibala zinemida esezantsi kodwa esacacisiweyo. Iprotokholi epheleleyo yovavanyo ikwavavanya i-chromaticity kunye nokuqina phantsi kokukrala, ubushushu, kunye noxinzelelo lokufuma.
Ngaba izibonisi zingenziwa ngokwezifiso zibe ziimo ezithile zophawu ngelixa zigcina ukuthotyelwa kwe-EN 13356?
Ewe. Ukuba nje indawo yomphezulu obonakalisa ukukhanya ihlangabezana neemfuno ezisezantsi kwaye izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya zifikelela kwiixabiso ze-RA ezichaziweyo, iimilo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso - iilogo, ii-silhouettes, iifom ezingabonakaliyo - zinokuthwala isiqinisekiso se-EN 13356. Izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe yindawo eyaneleyo yokubonakalisa ukukhanya, imiphetho ecocekileyo yokubonisa ukukhanya engonakalisi isakhiwo seprism, kunye nokusebenzisa ishiti evavanyiweyo ngokomgangatho kulungiselelo lokugqibela lwemveliso.
Iimeko zasebusika zaseNordic ziyichaphazela njani indlela ezisebenza ngayo izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya?
Amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero, ukufuma, ukurhawuzelelwa likhephu, kunye nokuvezwa yi-UV kunokonakalisa izinto ezikhanyayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-EN 13356 ibandakanya iimfuno zovavanyo lokuqina ezifana nokujikeleza kobushushu (ngesiqhelo -20°C ukuya ku-+50°C) kunye nokumelana nokurhawuzelelwa. Iimpawu ezijolise kwiimeko eziqatha zaseNordic kufuneka zichaze izibonisi ezenziwe nge-microprismatic sheeting elinganiswe ngaphaya komgangatho ophantsi kwaye zicele idatha eyongezelelweyo yokusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi kumenzi.
Ingakanani ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beodolo ye-EN 13356 reflectors eyenzelwe wena?
Ubungakanani obuncinci be-odolo buyahluka ngokobunzima bomenzi kunye nobunzima bemilo. Kwi-NBjge, izibonisi ezihambelana nemilo ye-EN 13356 ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zinokwenziwa kwiziqwenga ezimalunga ne-1,000 ngoyilo ngalunye, kuxhomekeke kubunzima be-die-cut kunye nokukhetha kombala. Ukwenziwa kwemveliso enkulu kunciphisa iindleko ngeyunithi nganye kwaye kubonelela ngokufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwamanqanaba eshiti kunye nokugqitywa.
Iingxelo kunye nokufunda okungakumbi
- I-Wikipedia: I-Retroreflector -- imigaqo yokujonga kwakhona
- I-CEN -- IKomiti yaseYurophu yoKumisa iMigangatho: uluhlu oluhambelanayo
- Ikhathalogu yemveliso ye-NBjge: Izibonisi zokhuseleko zabahambi ngeenyawo ezithobela i-EN 13356
- Iinkonzo ze-NBjge ze-OEM ezibonisa imilo eyenzelwe wena kwiimveliso zempahla