Iibhodi zeeMotherboards ze-Consumer Electronics zifuna iiHeaders zePin ezisemgangathweni neziphezulu — 2.54mm kunye ne-1.27mm zePCB Assembly Houses
- Iibhodi zomama ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje zihlala zidibanisa ii-headers ze-pin ezikumgangatho oqhelekileyo ze-2.54mm kunye ne-1.27mm ezixineneyo kwibhodi enye ukuze kuphuculwe indawo, ukuthembeka kwesignali, kunye nokwenziwa kwayo.
- I-pitch ye-2.54mm isasebenza kakhulu kushishino lwe-power, programming, kunye ne-debug interfaces, ngelixa i-pitch ye-1.27mm isebenza kwiindlela zesignali ezikhawulezayo kunye neendawo zebhodi ezincinci.
- Izinto ezikhethiweyo kunye nokukhethwa kweeplati — itini, igolide, okanye iplati ekhethiweyo — zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko, ukukwazi ukunyibilikisa, kunye nokunyamezela umjikelo wokudibana.
- Izindlu zokudibanisa ziyazuza ekufumaneni zombini iintsapho zepitshi kumvelisi omnye ukuze kuqiniswe ulawulo lomgangatho, kuncitshiswe ubunzima bekhonkco lokubonelela, kwaye kuqinisekiswe amaxabiso omthamo.
Kutheni ii-elektroniki zabathengi zanamhlanje zifuna ubuninzi beentloko ezimbini ze-Pin
Xa sijonga uyilo lwebhodi yomama yeemveliso ze-elektroniki zabathengi banamhlanje — ukusuka kwii-smart home hubs kunye nee-IoT gateways ukuya kwizixhobo zemidlalo kunye nezixhobo zonyango eziphathwayo — kuvela ipateni ecacileyo. Abayili abasakhethi phakathi kwezihlanganisi ezixineneyo nezixineneyo; basebenzisa zombini kwi-PCB enye. Le ndlela ye-dual-pitch iye yaba yindlela emiselweyo kuyo nayiphi na ibhodi ekufuneka ilinganise ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nezinto ezinciphayo.
Amandla aqhuba le ndlela alula. Njengoko iiseti zeempawu zisanda kwaye iinyawo zebhodi ziyancipha, yonke i-square millimeter ye-PCB real estate inexabiso. Intloko ye-pin eyi-2.54mm idla malunga ne-4 indawo yebhodi elingana ne-1.27mm kwinani elifanayo le-pin. Sekunjalo umgangatho we-2.54mm uyaqhubeka kuba unika amandla oomatshini, ukulungiswa okulula ngesandla, ukuhambelana kwezixhobo ze-universal, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide ekunikezelweni kwamandla kunye ne-interfaces zolawulo oluphantsi.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukwanda kweendawo zokunxibelelana ezikhawulezayo ezifana ne-MIPI, i-LVDS, kunye ne-USB 3.x kwiibhodi zabathengi kufuna isithuba esiqinileyo sephini ukuze kugcinwe i-impedance elawulwayo kunye nokunciphisa ubude be-stub. I-1.27mm pitch pin header iyahlangabezana nale mfuno, ibonelela nge-compact interconnect exhasa iimfuno zokuthembeka kwesignali ngelixa ihlala ihambelana neenkqubo ze-SMT ezisemgangathweni. Sibone ukwanda okuthe ngcembe kwinani lezihlanganisi ze-1.27mm kwiibhili zezinto esizifumana kubathengi bethu be-assembly-house kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kwaye silindele ukuba loo mkhwa uqhubeke.
Ukuqonda indlela yokucacisa, ukuthenga, kunye nokudibanisa zombini iintsapho zokudibanisa ke ngoko lulwazi olubalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na indlu yokuhlanganisa ye-PCB ekhonza icandelo le-elektroniki yabathengi. Kule khokelo, sihamba ngeempawu zobugcisa zepitch nganye, sichaze uyilo olusebenzayo kunye namaqhinga okuthenga, kwaye sabelane ngeparamitha zokulawula umgangatho esizisebenzisayo kwimveliso yethu ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke intloko ye-pin esiyithumelayo ihlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yemigca yokukhetha kunye nendawo ezenzekelayo.
Umgangatho we-2.54mm: Umsebenzi woQhagamshelo lwePCB
I-pin header ye-2.54mm (0.100-intshi) mhlawumbi yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-board-to-board nakwi-board-to-wire connector kushishino lwe-elektroniki. Imvelaphi yayo ibuyela kwimihla yokuqala yokwenziwa kwe-PCB ephuma emngxunyeni, kwaye nangona itshintshe iminyaka emininzi ukuya kubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa phezulu, i-pitch ye-2.54mm ayisindanga nje kuphela kodwa iphumelele. Senza izigidi zee-pin headers ze-2.54mm inyanga nenyanga kwiziko lethu laseNingbo, kwaye imfuno isaqhubeka inamandla kuzo zonke iindidi zemveliso esizisebenzelayo.
Zininzi izinto ezichaza indlela oluhlala lulawula ngayo olu pitch. Okokuqala, isithuba se-2.54mm sibonelela ngesithuba esikhulu phakathi kweepini ezikufutshane, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kukho ukunyamezelana okukhulu kokwenziwa. Oomatshini bokufaka abazenzekelayo banokubeka ezi zihlanganisi ngesantya esiphezulu kunye namazinga aphantsi kakhulu eziphene, kwaye nokubekwa ngesandla ngexesha lokwenziwa kweprototyping okanye ukulungiswa kwakhona kulula. Okwesibini, i-pin cross-section yee-headers ze-2.54mm idla ngokuba yi-0.64mm square, nto leyo enika i-pin nganye ukuqina okukhulu koomatshini kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umbane ophatha kakuhle ii-power rails kunye ne-I/O yenjongo iyonke.
Kwizicelo zebhodi yomama yabathengi, sihlala sibona ii-header ze-pin ze-2.54mm ezisetyenziselwa ii-JTAG debug interfaces, ii-header ze-programming ze-SPI kunye ne-I2C, izihlanganisi zefeni, imiqondiso yolawulo lwephaneli yangaphambili, kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla okuncedisa. Ezi zii-interfaces apho isantya sesignali siphantsi (ngesiqhelo singaphantsi kwe-50 MHz), ukuqina koomatshini kubalulekile, kwaye ukukwazi ukuxhuma ngesandla kunye nokuqhawula izixhobo zovavanyo okanye iintambo kuyimfuneko yoyilo. Umgangatho ukwafumana inkxaso ebanzi ye-ecosystem: phantse bonke ababoneleli bezihlanganisi, indlu yokuhlanganisa iintambo, kunye nesixhobo soyilo se-PCB banikezela ngezinto kunye neenyawo ezihambelana ne-2.54mm.
Ngokwembono yendlu yokuhlanganisa, i-pitch ye-2.54mm inika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo. Iiprofayili ze-solder eziphinda zibuyele kwi-reflow ziyaxolela, umngcipheko wokubethelwa ngamatye uphantsi ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu be-pin, kwaye ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kulula kuba i-pitch ebanzi yenza kube lula ukuvavanya ii-fillets ze-solder. Xa sixoxa ngedatha yemveliso yabathengi bethu nabo, iibhodi ezinezihlanganisi ze-2.54mm ezininzi zibonisa amazinga aphantsi okusilela ngesigidi ngasinye kunalawo anezinye iindlela ezinoxinano olukhulu. Le rekhodi yokuthembeka yingakho abayili abaninzi begcina ngabom ujongano lwamandla kunye nolawulo kwigridi ye-2.54mm nokuba bathutha iindlela zesignali ukuya kwii-pitches ezincinci.
Ukhetho lwe-1.27mm High-Density: Ukonga isithuba kunye nokuthembeka kwesignali
Nangona i-pitch ye-2.54mm isebenza kakuhle kwiindlela zokunxibelelana ngokubanzi, iba yingxaki xa izindlu zebhodi zinqongophele kwaye amaza esignali enyuka ngaphezu kwamakhulu ambalwa eemegahertz. Kulapho i-1.27mm (0.050-intshi) pin header ingena khona emfanekisweni. Ngokuhlukanisa phakathi isithuba se-pin ukusuka embindini ukuya embindini, i-pitch ye-1.27mm ivumela abayili ukuba bapakishe malunga nezihlandlo ezine zoxinano kumda webhodi okanye kwindawo efanayo yeenyawo.
Ukonga indawo kubonakala kwangoko xa sithelekisa ubukhulu beenyawo ecaleni. Intloko ye-2x25 pin kwi-pitch ye-2.54mm ifikelela kubude obuyi-63.5mm; ulungelelwaniso olufanayo lwe-50-pin kwi-pitch ye-1.27mm lufuna i-31.75mm kuphela. Kwisixhobo esincinci sabathengi - isithethi esikrelekrele, isilawuli esinokunxitywa, okanye i-HMI yemizi-mveliso emincinci - loo mahluko unokuba ngumda phakathi kokufaka uyilo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo okanye ukufuna uyilo olutsha lwebhodi olubizayo.
Ngaphaya kokonga indawo eluhlaza, i-pitch ye-1.27mm inika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zokubonakalisa isignali kunye nokuqina. Ubude be-pin obufutshane kunye nokudibanisa okuqinileyo phakathi kwee-pin ezikufutshane kunciphisa i-inductance ye-parasitic, nto leyo ephucula umgangatho wesignali ye-high-frequency. Xa sisebenzisana nabathengi abayila iibhodi ezithwala imiqondiso yokubonisa ye-LVDS, ii-interfaces zekhamera ze-MIPI, okanye iindlela zedatha ze-USB 3.2, bakhetha kakhulu ii-headers ze-pin ze-1.27mm kwezi ndlela zibalulekileyo. Ubude be-pin obuncitshisiweyo bukwanciphisa umngcipheko wokubonakaliswa okubangelwa yi-stub, inkxalabo eba nkulu ngaphezu kwe-400 MHz.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho umahluko. I-pitch eyi-1.27mm ifuna ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kokwenziwa kwemveliso — ukulingana kufuneka kulawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-0.10mm, kwaye ukunyamezelana kokulungelelaniswa kwephini kumalunga nesiqingatha saleyo ivumelekileyo kwi-2.54mm. Iimfuno zokuchaneka kokubekwa ngokuzenzekelayo ziyanda, kwaye ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okanye i-AOI kunokufuneka ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-solder joint phantsi kwemizimba ye-fine-pitch. Sijongana nale mingeni ngokusebenzisa ii-precision stamping dies, ukuhlolwa kombono okwi-line kumgangatho wethu wemveliso, kunye nentsebenziswano esondeleyo namaqela obunjineli beenkqubo zabathengi bethu ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwendibano ngaphambi kokuba kuqale imveliso enkulu.
Amaqhinga oKwakha iiPCB ezimbini kwiZindlu zeNdibano
Ukuyila ibhodi yomama equka iintloko zephini ze-2.54mm kunye ne-1.27mm kufuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki eziqhelekileyo. Sixhase amakhulu eebhodi zoyilo lwe-dual-pitch kule minyaka idlulileyo, kwaye iindlela ezininzi ezilungileyo ziye zabonisa ixabiso lazo rhoqo. Umgaqo wokuqala kukwahlulwahlulwa kwendawo. Sicebisa ukuhlanganisa zonke izihlanganisi ze-2.54mm kwindawo enye yebhodi kunye nazo zonke izihlanganisi ze-1.27mm kwindawo eyahlukileyo, ngokufanelekileyo kwimiphetho yebhodi eyahlukileyo. Olu hluko lwenza kube lula ukuseta izixhobo ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa okuzenzakalelayo, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshintshwa kwenxalenye ngengozi, kwaye kwenza ukuhlolwa komgangatho kube ngcono ngakumbi.
Umgaqo wesibini kukuhambelana kokuqondisa. Zonke iintloko zephini zepitch efanayo kwibhodi ethile kufuneka zabelane ngokuqondisa okufanayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-axis ephambili yebhodi. Olu qheliselo lunciphisa inani lotshintsho lwe-feeder kunye nokujikeleza kwe-nozzle okufunekayo kumatshini wokukhetha nokubeka, nto leyo ephucula ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokujikeleza kwaye inciphise iimpazamo zokubeka. Ngokwamava ethu, iibhodi ezilandela le ndlela zifikelela kumanqanaba okubeka ngokukhawuleza nge-8 ukuya kwi-12 ekhulwini kunezo zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqondisa.
Ulawulo lobushushu ngexesha lokuphinda kufakwe umbane yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Iintloko zephini ze-2.54mm kunye ne-1.27mm zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zobushushu, oko kuthetha ukuba zifunxa kwaye zisasaze ubushushu ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphinda kufakwe umbane. Ukuba zombini iintlobo zekhonkco zibekwe kwibhodi enye, iprofayili yokuphinda kufakwe umbane kufuneka ilungiswe ukuze ilungele ubunzima obukhulu bobushushu bomzimba we-2.54mm ngaphandle kokufudumeza kakhulu iiphini ze-1.27mm ezibuthathaka ngakumbi. Sicebisa ukuba kuchazwe umthengisi we-pin header onokubonelela ngesikhokelo esineenkcukacha seprofayili yobushushu esekelwe kubunzima bephini kunye nokufakelwa kweendawo ezi-odolweyo, into leyo iqela lethu lobunjineli elihlala liyibonelela amaqabane e-assembly-house.
Okokugqibela, cinga ngezigaba zokususa iipaneli kunye nokuphatha. Izihlanganisi ze-1.27mm ezicolekileyo zisengozini enkulu yokonakala ngenxa yokujika kwebhodi ngexesha lokususa iipaneli. Ukuba izihlanganisi ze-1.27mm zibekwe kufutshane nomphetho webhodi okanye ecaleni kweethebhu eziqhekekileyo, izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zenkxaso okanye uhlengahlengiso lobunzulu be-V-score lunokufuneka. Sicebisa abathengi bethu ukuba babelane nathi ngoyilo lwabo lwepaneli kwasekuqaleni kwenkqubo yoyilo ukuze sikwazi ukuphawula iindawo ezinobungozi kwaye sicebise uhlengahlengiso lokubekwa kwezihlanganisi ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe izixhobo.
Izinto kunye neenketho zokuplata: I-Tin, iGolide, kunye ne-Selective Plating
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugquma ii-pin headers kunempembelelo ngqo kwixabiso, ukukwazi ukuxutywa, ukumelana nokuxinana, kunye nobomi bomjikelo wokudibana. Kwii-applications ze-motherboard ze-elektroniki zabathengi, sinikezela ngeendlela ezintathu ezisemgangathweni zokugquma ii-plating, kunye nokuqonda ukuba kufuneka sichaze nini nganye kunokonga iindleko ezinkulu zokuthenga ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho wemveliso.
Ukugquma ngetin yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kwaye yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kwiimveliso zabathengi ezixabisa kakhulu. Iintloko zethu zepin ezigquma ngetin ezisemgangathweni zisebenzisa isiphelo se-matte-tin esinobukhulu obuyi-3 ukuya kwi-5 micrometers phezu komaleko we-nickel barrier. I-matte tin ikhethwa kune-bright tin yokuphinda igqume i-soldering kuba ivelisa iibhondi ze-intermetallic ezithembekileyo kwaye imelana nokwakheka kwe-tin-whisker. Kwii-interfaces ezibona imijikelo yokudibana engaphantsi kwama-50 ngexesha lobomi bemveliso - egubungela uninzi lwee-debug headers, ii-programming interfaces, kunye noqhagamshelo lwangaphakathi lwebhodi ukuya kwibhodi - ukugquma ngetin kwanele ngokupheleleyo kwaye kumela ixabiso elifanelekileyo.
I-Gold plating phezu kwe-nickel ichazwa xa kufuneka ukuthembeka okuphezulu okanye ukunyamezela okukhulu komjikelo wokudibana. Sifaka umaleko wegolide we-0.76 ukuya kwi-1.27 micrometers (30 ukuya kwi-50 micro-intshi) phezu kwe-nickel barrier ye-1.27 ukuya kwi-2.54 micrometers. Ii-contacts ezifakwe kwigolide zigcina ukumelana okuzinzileyo kokunxibelelana kwimijikelo yokudibana engama-500 nangaphezulu kwaye zimelana ne-oxidation kunye nokugqwala kwiindawo ezimanzi. Oku kwenza i-gold plating ibe lukhetho oluqhelekileyo lwezihlanganisi ezijonge ngaphandle, i-interfaces zovavanyo kunye nokulinganisa, kunye nayo nayiphi na indlela apho isihlanganisi sinokuhlala singamanyananga ixesha elide ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
Ukubeka ipleyiti ekhethiweyo kumela umgangatho ophakathi ophuculiweyo ngexabiso. Kule nkqubo, indawo yoqhagamshelwano lwephini ifumana ukugqitywa kwegolide ngelixa umsila we-solder ugcina ukugqitywa kwetini. Le ndlela ijolise kutyalo-mali lwe-plating apho kubaluleke kakhulu - kwindawo yokudibana - ngelixa igcina iindleko zokunyibilikisa isinyithi ziphantsi. Sibona ukubekwa kwepleyiti ekhethiweyo kucacisiwe ngakumbi kwi-electronics yabathengi ephakathi, apho ulindelo lokuthembeka kwemveliso lunyuka kodwa uxinzelelo lweendleko zezinto luhlala luphezulu. Zonke iinkqubo zethu zokubeka ipleyiti zihambelana neemfuno zobukhulu kunye nokusebenza ezichazwe kwi I-IEC 60603-2, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana neenkqubo ezisemgangathweni zokudibanisa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ulawulo loMgangatho: Ukulingana, Amandla okugcina iiPin, kunye nokuThengisa
Ulawulo lomgangatho kwimveliso yeentloko zepini alunakuzikhethela — sisiseko apho amazinga emveliso yendibano kunye nendlu yokuhlangana kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso yokugqibela kuxhomekeke khona. Sigcina iprotokholi yokuhlola enamanqanaba amaninzi egubungela yonke iparameter ebalulekileyo ukusuka kwisatifikethi sezinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekupakishweni kokugqibela. Kwizindlu zendibano zePCB ezivavanya ababoneleli beentloko zepini, iimetrikhi ezintathu zomgangatho ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka zivavanywe yi-coplanarity, amandla okugcina iiphini, kunye nokuthengiseka.
I-Coplanarity ibhekisa kwinqanaba apho zonke iiphini kwikhonkco zilele khona kwindawo enye. Kwindawo ezenzekelayo ye-SMT, i-coplanarity kufuneka ilawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-0.10mm kwiintloko zepitch ze-2.54mm kwaye ngaphakathi kwe-0.08mm kwiintloko zepitch ze-1.27mm. Ukuba i-coplanarity idlula ezi ngxaki, ezinye iiphini zisenokungadibani kakuhle ne-solder paste ngexesha lokubekwa, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiijoyinti ze-solder ezivulekileyo okanye ezibandayo emva kokuphinda ziphume. Silinganisa i-coplanarity kuyo yonke indawo yokuvelisa sisebenzisa ii-comparators ezithe tyaba ze-optical kwaye sinikezela ngamaphepha edatha ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye.
Amandla okugcina iiphini — amandla afunekayo ukuze kukhutshwe iphini kwindawo yokukhusela — yindlela yokulinganisa ukomelela koomatshini. Kwiiphini eziyi-2.54mm, sichaza amandla okugcina amancinci angama-0.5 kgf; kwiiphini eziyi-1.27mm, ubuncinci yi-0.3 kgf, ebonisa indawo encinci yokungena kokuphazamiseka. Iiphini ezingaphumeleliyo kuvavanyo lwamandla okugcina zisemngciphekweni wokukhutshelwa ngaphandle ngexesha lokuphathwa kwebhodi, uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, okanye inkonzo yasentsimini. Yonke indawo esiyithumelayo iyavavanywa ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwezi zimbalwa.
Ukuthengiseka kwe-soldering kuvavanywa ngokwe IPC-A-610 Iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa. Senza uvavanyo lokumanzisa kunye novavanyo lokudipha nokujongeka kwiipini zesampulu ukusuka kumjikelo ngamnye wemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba iplating inika ukhuseleko oluhambelanayo nolungenamsebenzi lwesolder. Kwiipini ezifakwe kwitin, sikwaqhuba uvavanyo lokwaluphala olukhawulezileyo kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-solder iyakwazi ukunyibilika ixesha elide. Uluhlu lwethu olupheleleyo lwe iimveliso ze-pin header yenziwe ngokwemigangatho, kwaye siyakwamkela uhlolo lweenkqubo zethu zomgangatho oluvela kumntu wesithathu nangaliphi na ixesha.
Izinto Eziqwalaselwayo Ngokuthenga Izinto Ezininzi Kwizindlu ZeeNdibano zePCB
Ukuthenga ii-pin headers ngobuninzi ukuze kwenziwe izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi kubandakanya okungaphezulu kokuthelekisa amaxabiso eeyunithi. Sisebenzisana ngokusondeleyo namaqela okuthenga e-assembly-house ukuze siphucule iindleko ezipheleleyo zomhlaba, kwaye izinto ezininzi zahlula ngokuthe rhoqo uthotho lweenkonzo ze-pin header olulawulwa kakuhle kolusebenzayo.
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqwalasele kukudibanisa. Ukufumana ii-headers ze-pin ze-2.54mm kunye ne-1.27mm kumvelisi omnye - ngokuchaseneyo nokwahlulahlula ivolumu phakathi kwababoneleli abaninzi - kubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibonakalayo: amaxwebhu asemgangathweni omnye, indawo enye yokunxibelelana yotshintsho lobunjineli, ukuthunyelwa okudibeneyo okunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha, kunye nethuba elinamandla lokuthetha-thethana kumaxabiso evolumu. Sinikezela ngezakhiwo zamaxabiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezivuza ii-odolo ezidibeneyo kwiintsapho zepitch kunye noqwalaselo lwezixhumi.
Ulawulo lwexesha lokunika i-lead yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yesibini. Uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo lwe-2.54mm luthunyelwa ukusuka kwindawo yethu yokugcina impahla yaseNingbo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 zokusebenza. Ukubalwa kwee-pin ngokwezifiso, i-plating ekhethekileyo, okanye ii-variants ze-1.27mm zifuna iintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-25 zokusebenza kuxhomekeke kubungakanani. Sigcina izivumelwano zokhuseleko kunye nabathengi bethu abaqhelekileyo, sigcina uluhlu lwempahla olunokumiswa ngesaziso esifutshane ukuze lugubungele ukunyuka kwemveliso ngaphandle kweendleko ze-inventory engaphezulu kwindlu yokuhlanganisa.
Amaxwebhu kunye nokuthobela imithetho akufuneki kujongwe. Yonke impahla esiyithumelayo ngobuninzi ibandakanya izatifikethi zokuhambelana, iingxelo zokuhlolwa okulinganayo, iziphumo zovavanyo lobukhulu beplati, kunye nezibhengezo zeRoHS/REACH. Kwizindlu zokuhlanganisa ezikhonza iimarike ezilawulwayo ezifana nezixhobo zonyango okanye iimveliso zabathengi ezikufutshane neemoto, singabonelela ngezibhengezo zezinto ezibonakalayo kwifomathi ye-IPC-1752 kwaye sixhase uphicotho lwefektri phantsi kweenkqubo zokufaneleka zabathengi. Ukumisela olu xwebhu olusisiseko ekuqaleni kobudlelwane bomthengisi kususa ukulibaziseka ngexesha lokuhlolwa okuzayo kwaye kukhawulezise ixesha lokuveliswa koyilo lwebhodi entsha.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweentloko zephini ze-2.54mm kunye ne-1.27mm?
Umahluko ophambili yipitch — umgama ophakathi ukuya embindini phakathi kweepini ezikufutshane. I-2.54mm pin header isebenzisa i-pitch esemgangathweni we-0.100-intshi ebisoloko iphambili ukususela kwixesha lokwenziwa kwe-PCB, inika amandla oomatshini aqinileyo kunye nokusongwa okulula ngesandla. I-1.27mm pin header inqumla loo mgama, ivumela malunga nezihlandlo ezine zoxinano lwepini kwindawo nganye. Uhlobo lwe-1.27mm lufanelekile ngakumbi kwi-high-speed signal routing, i-compact consumer electronics, kunye noyilo apho i-board real estate ikumgangatho ophezulu. Zombini ezi ntlobo zifumaneka kwiindlela ezithe tye, ezisekunene, kunye nezilungisiweyo ze-SMD ezivela kwi-NBGJGE.
Ndingasebenzisa ii-headers ze-pin ze-1.27mm njengotshintsho oluthe ngqo lwee-headers ze-2.54mm kwiindlela ezikhoyo zoyilo lwe-PCB?
Hayi, ii-header ze-pin ze-1.27mm azizizo iindlela zokutshintsha ii-header ze-2.54mm. I-pitch eyahlukileyo ithetha ukuba iinyawo ze-PCB, iipateni zemingxuma, kunye neendlela zokuhambisa zonke kufuneka zihlengahlengiswe. Ukuzama ukutshintsha enye endaweni yenye kuya kubangela ukungalungelelani kakuhle kunye nokudibanisa okungaphumeleliyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyila ibhodi entsha okanye uceba uhlaziyo, ukutshintshela iindlela ezibalulekileyo zesignali ukuya kwi-1.27mm ngelixa ugcina ii-header zamandla kunye neenkqubo kwi-2.54mm sisicwangciso esiqinisekisiweyo esisetyenziswa ziindlu ezininzi zokuhlanganisa ukulinganisela uxinano kunye nokuveliswa.
Ziziphi iindlela zokubeka iipleyiti ezikhoyo kwiintloko zepini ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi?
Kwiibhodi zee-elektroniki zabathengi, sinikezela ngeendlela ezintathu ezisemgangathweni zokuplata: ukuplata ngetin (okungabizi kakhulu, okufanelekileyo kwiizicelo ezininzi ezixabisa kakhulu ezinemijikelo eqhelekileyo yokumatanisa engaphantsi kwama-50), ukuplata ngegolide phezu kwesithintelo se-nickel (ubude begolide obuyi-0.76 ukuya kwi-1.27 micrometers, okulinganiselwe imijikelo yokumatanisa engaphezu kwama-500, okuthandwa kakhulu kwiizicelo ezinokuthenjwa okuphezulu kunye nezinga eliphezulu), kunye nokuplata okukhethayo apho indawo yoqhagamshelwano ifumana igolide ngelixa umsila we-solder ufumana itin. Ukuplata okukhethayo kuphucula iindleko xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza. Zonke iindlela zihambelana ne-IEC 60603-2 dimensional kunye ne-electric specifications.
Iindlu ze-PCB assembly ziqinisekisa njani umgangatho we-pin header ngaphambi kokubekwa?
Izindlu zokuhlanganisa zihlala ziqinisekisa iiparameter ezintathu eziphambili zomgangatho: ukulingana (zonke iiphini kufuneka zihlale ngaphakathi kwe-0.10mm yeplani yesalathiso ukuze kubekwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngendlela ethembekileyo), amandla okugcina iiphini (iphini nganye kufuneka imelane namandla okukhupha amancinci, ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.5 kgf kwi-2.54mm kunye ne-0.3 kgf kwi-1.27mm, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka koomatshini ngexesha lokuphatha), kunye novavanyo lokunyibilikisa ngokwemigangatho ye-IPC-A-610. Sinikezela ngedatha yokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kokuthunyelwa kunye neziqinisekiso zokuhambelana nayo yonke iodolo enkulu, kubandakanya iingxelo zobukhulu kunye nokulinganisa ubukhulu beplati.
Ngawaphi amaxesha aqhelekileyo okukhokela kunye nobungakanani obuncinci boku-odola kwii-odolo ze-bulk pin header?
Iintloko zepini eziqhelekileyo ze-2.54mm kwiimo ezifanayo (1x40, 2x20, 2x25) ziyafumaneka kwisitokhwe ngamaxesha okukhokela eentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 zokusebenza. Ukubalwa kweepini ngokwezifiso, iplating engekho semgangathweni, okanye ii-1.27mm high-density variants zihlala zifuna iintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-25 zokusebenza kuxhomekeke kumthamo kunye neenkcukacha. Ubungakanani bethu obuncinci be-odolo buqala kwi-1,000 yeziqwenga zezinto eziqhelekileyo kunye neziqwenga ezingama-5,000 kwiimo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Sigcina isitokhwe sokhuseleko kubathengi abaphindayo kwaye sinikezela ngeenkqubo zokuhambisa ezicwangcisiweyo zezindlu zokuhlanganisa ezineemfuno zemveliso eziqhubekayo.
Ngaba ninika inkxaso yobugcisa kuyilo lwe-PCB footprint kunye noyilo lwe-dual-pitch?
Ewe, sinikezela ngenkxaso yobugcisa epheleleyo kwiinjineli zoyilo lwe-PCB. Oku kuquka imizobo yeenyawo ecetyiswayo kwiifomathi ze-DXF kunye ne-Gerber kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentloko ze-pin, iimodeli ze-3D STEP zokuqinisekiswa kokulungiswa koomatshini, kunye namanqaku esicelo agubungela iindlela ezilungileyo zoyilo lwebhodi ye-dual-pitch. Iqela lethu lobunjineli linokuphinda lihlole iifayile zakho zoyilo kwaye licebise ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lweentloko ze-pin ngokusekelwe kwimida yakho ethile yokuhlanganisa, iprofayili yokuphinda iphume, kunye neemfuno zemveliso yokugqibela. Nxibelelana nathi kwiwebhusayithi yethu ukuze ucele amaxwebhu enkxaso yoyilo.