I roto i ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, kua pāngia a Turkey e te hinganga o te moni me te pikinga o ngā utu.
I te tau 2020, i whiua anō a Turkey e te karauna hou, ā, i panaia rātou ki roto i te ōhanga nui. Kei te hinga te moni ā-rohe o Turkey, te lira, i te tere rekoata, ā, kua tino heke te uara o āna rahui moni tāwāhi. Ngā hononga pūrua, hononga papa PCB ki te papa me Mowhiti Kī Whakaata me mōhio.
I tēnei wā, i whakatūria e Turkey tētahi rākau e kiia nei ko te Trade Protection.
01 Te pouri
Kua roa te ōhanga o Turkey e pāngia ana e te hinganga o te ōhanga mai i te haurua tuarua o te tau 2018, ā, kāore e kōrerotia te ngoikore o tōna ōhanga, i kino haere atu i te mate urutā karauna hou o te tau 2020.
I whakahekehia e Moody's, te tari whakatauranga o te ao, te whakatauranga nama motuhake a Turkey mai i B1 ki B2 i te marama o Hepetema 2020 i runga i te whakapae he tūponotanga taurite-o-ngā utu, he wero hanganga ōhanga me ngā mirumiru pūtea te hekenga tonu o ngā rahui moni ke o te whenua.
I te hauwhā tuatoru o te tau 2020, i whakaatu te ōhanga o Turkey i tētahi ia o te whakaoranga. Heoi, e ai ki ngā raraunga hou o te Tari Tatauranga o Turkey (TUIK), i piki ake te taupū utu kaihoko i Turkey mā te 1.25% i te Hakihea 2020 mai i Noema me te 14.6% mai i te wā kotahi i te tau 2019.
Ko ngā utu mō ngā taonga me ngā ratonga kanorau, te kawe waka, te kai me ngā inu kore-waipiro te mea tino piki ake, arā, 28.12 ōrau, 21.12 ōrau me te 20.61 ōrau, ia, ki te whakaritea ki te wā kotahi o te tau 2019.
Ahakoa te pakari o te Perehitini o Turkey, a Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, ki ngā kaupapa here ā-iwi, kāore ia i te āwhina i te kāinga.
I waenganui o Hakihea 2020, i panuitia e Erdoğan ētahi awhina moni hei āwhina i ngā pakihi iti me te rahi-waenga me ngā kaihokohoko kia ora mō ngā marama e toru e whai ake nei. Engari e ai ki ngā kaipūtaiao ōhanga, kāore pea ēnei mahi i mahia i muri rawa, ā, i runga i te tauine iti, e pā nui ki te ōhanga o Turkey kua pakaru.
E ai ki te rangahau hou a MetroPoll i tukuna e ngā kaitātari pōti, 25% o ngā kaiwhakautu Turkish i kī kāore e taea e rātou te whakatutuki i ā rātou hiahia taketake. I heke te whakapono ōhanga ki Turkey ki te 86.4 i te marama o Tīhema mai i te 89.5 i te marama o Noema, e ai ki te Tari Tatauranga Turkish. Ko te uara i raro i te 100 ngā tohu e whakaatu ana i te pouri pāpori.
I tēnei wā, kua tuku a Erdoğan, i ngaro nei te tautoko a tōna hoa a Trump, i tētahi peka oriwa ki te EU, me te tuhituhi ki te Perehitini Wīwī a Macron mō ngā kōrerorero ataata me te tumanako ka āta whakatikahia ngā whanaungatanga ki te EU.
Engari e ai ki te pūrongo hou a Al Jazeera, kei roto a Turkey i te tukanga o te "pakanga ā-iwi", e kī ana i te hekenga o te āhua ōhanga o roto i Turkey, me te karanga kia wawe ngā pōtitanga perehitini me ngā pōtitanga pāremata.
Te hinganga o te reiti whakawhiti moni
I roto i ngā whenua tino kino rawa atu o te ao i te tau 2020, me whai ingoa te lira Turkish ——5.94 rira ki te tāra i te tīmatanga o te tau, I hinga ki te 7.5 Lira i te marama o Tīhema, Ko te hekenga ā-tau he 25%, I noho ko ia te mākete putaiao kino rawa atu i muri i a Brazil! I te tīmatanga o Noema 2020, i heke te uara o te lira Turkish ki te iti rawa o ngā wā katoa: ko te tāra he 8.5 rials.
Ko te waru o ngā tau karapīpiti tēnei i hinga ai te lira, ā, ko te nuinga o te hekenga ā-tau neke atu i te 10%. I te 2 o Hānuere 2012, ko te utu whakawhiti o te lira ki te tāra o te Hononga o Amerika he 1.8944. Engari i te 31 o Tīhema 2020, kua hinga te lira ki te 7.4392 ki te tāra, neke atu i te 300% te hekenga i roto i ngā tau e waru.
Ina heke te uara o te moni o tētahi whenua, ka piki ake te utu o ngā kawemai, ā, he uaua ki te kī kāore e taea e ngā kaikawe mai o Turkey te tu atu i te hekenga o te lira Turkish i tēnei wā. I tēnei wā, ka whiriwhiri pea ētahi kaipakihi Turkish ki te whakamutu i te tauwhitinga, ki te whakamutu rānei i te utu whakamutunga, ki te whakakore rānei i ngā taonga.
Ā, hei wawao i te mākete moni ke, tata tonu te pau o ngā rahui moni ke i Turkey. Engari ko te mutunga iho, kei te heke tonu te uara o te lira, he iti noa iho te pānga tuturu.
I te aroaro o te raruraru moni, i karanga te Perehitini o Turkey, a Recep Tayyip Erdogan, ki te marea kia hoko i te lira, kia tīmata hoki i tētahi "kaupapa ā-motu" hei ārai i te "hoariri ōhanga". Mēnā ka whakatakoto tetahi i te tāra, i te euro, i te koura rānei ki raro i te urunga, haere ki te peeke ka whakawhiti mō te lira Turkish. He pakanga ā-motu tēnei," te kī a Erdoğan. "E kore tātou e hinga i te pakanga ōhanga."
Engari i tēnei wā e hoko ana te iwi i te koura mō te uara nui - kei te hoko nui ngā tāngata o Turkey i te koura i ngā reiti rekoata. Ahakoa te hinganga mō ngā marama e toru karapīpiti, kua piki ake te koura mā te 19% mai i te tau 2020.
03 Te tiakitanga hokohoko
Nā reira, i whakatūria e Turkey te ture "tiaki hokohoko". I te tīmatanga o te tau 2021, kua whakakorea e Turkey ētahi take:
Ina hoki, he whenua nui ake a Turkey mō ngā rangahautanga āwhina tauhokohoko mō ngā hua Haina, ā, i te tau 2020, ka haere tonu tana rangahau me te whakatakoto taripa mō ētahi hua.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko te ture rerekē a te Tari Tāke o Turkey, arā, mēnā ka whakahokia ngā taonga ki te tauranga me te whakaaetanga a-tuhi a te kaiwhiwhi me te "pānui whakakore i te whiwhi i ngā taonga", ka noho ngā taonga hei rawa mō Turkey i muri i te urunga ki te tauranga o Turkey. Mō ngā tauranga e noho roa ana, mō ngā taonga kāore anō kia tangohia, ka whai mana te Tari Tāke ki te hokohoko i ngā taonga me te kore he rangatira, ā, ko te kaikawemai taketake te kaihoko tuatahi.
Kua maha ngā tau e whakamahia ana ētahi o ngā whakaritenga o te Tikanga Tūriki e ngā kaihoko ā-rohe kāore i te hiahiatia, ā, ki te kore ngā kaihokohoko e tūpato, ka noho noa iho rātou i roto i te tūranga mangere.
Nō reira, i kaweake tata nei ki Turkey, kia tupato ki te haumarutanga o te utu!
Wā tuku: Maehe-04-2021