Zafi mai tsanani da kuma bushewar yanayi na nuna mafi haɗari.
Na farko dai Turai ce, wanda hakan ya ƙara matsalar abinci. Rahoton da kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin noma na Faransa Strategie Grains ya fitar ya yi hasashen cewa yawan masarar da EU ke samarwa zai ragu zuwa tan miliyan 55.4 a kakar amfanin gona ta 2022-2023, wataƙila matakin mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin shekaru 15, wanda ya faɗi da fiye da kashi 20 cikin ɗari idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata. A lokacin kaka da hunturu na 2022, farashin abincin EU zai iya sake tashi.Ƙananan masu nuna haske, Masu Haɗi na Idc kuma Masu Nuna Tayoyin Keke ya kamata a lura.
Cibiyar Bincike ta Haɗin gwiwa ta Hukumar Turai ta yi gargaɗin cewa Turai za ta iya fuskantar fari mafi muni a cikin kimanin shekaru 500. A gefe guda kuma, Aschbacher, babban darektan Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai, ya ce idan ba a kimanta sauyin yanayi ba, Turai za ta iya kashe dubban biliyoyin daloli a wannan ƙarnin.
Wataƙila babbar haɗarin da ke tattare da matsanancin zafi a Turai shine yadda yawan narkewar ƙanƙarar Arctic ke ƙaruwa. A ranar 11 ga Agusta, jaridar Washington Post ta ambato hanyoyin sadarwa na halitta - ƙasa da muhalli, sabon binciken ya ce ɗumamar arctic ta fi sauri fiye da yadda masana kimiyya da yawa suka zata, arctic tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin yankin ɗumamar yanayi, kafin ƙarshen watan Yuli, Arctic Svalbard tan biliyan 40 na kankara ya narke cikin teku.
Amurka ma tana fuskantar fari mai tsanani. A cewar sabbin bayanai daga Hukumar Kula da Fari ta Amurka (US Drive Monitor), kashi 55 cikin 100 na yammacin Amurka yanzu sun wuce matakin fari mai tsanani. Kafafen yada labarai da dama na Amurka sun ce wannan shine fari mafi muni a lokacin da aka kafa shi sama da shekaru 200.
Ba zato ba tsammani Turai ta "yi ƙararrawa"
Yanayin zafi mai tsanani da bushewar yanayi ya ƙara ta'azzara matsalar abinci a Turai.
Rahoton da kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin noma na Faransa Strategie Grains ya fitar ya yi hasashen cewa yawan masarar da EU ke samarwa zai ragu zuwa tan miliyan 55.4 a kakar amfanin gona ta 2022-2023, watakila mafi ƙarancin matakin a cikin shekaru 15, tare da raguwar sama da kashi 20 cikin ɗari na shekara-shekara. Hasashen ya ragu da kashi 15 cikin ɗari daga tan miliyan 65.4 a watan Yuli, wanda ke nuna barazanar fari.
Rahoton ya ce hasashen girbin masara a shekarar 2022 a fadin Turai yana raguwa sosai, kuma zai kai ga mafi ƙarancin yawan amfanin gona tun shekarar 2007.
Hasashen samar da wasu amfanin gona shi ma ba shi da wani tasiri. Strategie Grains ta yi hasashen cewa jimillar yawan amfanin gona na EU zai faɗi da kashi 8.5 cikin 100 a kakar amfanin gona ta 2022-2023. Daga cikinsu, ana sa ran samar da alkama mai laushi zai faɗi da kashi 5 cikin 100 zuwa tan miliyan 123.3, yayin da ake sa ran samar da sha'ir zai faɗi da kashi 3.7 cikin 100 zuwa tan miliyan 50, duka biyun ƙasa da matsakaicin shekaru biyar.
Dalilin wannan mummunan yanayi shi ne cewa wannan yanayi na fari da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba ya shafi kusan dukkan manyan masu samar da abinci na EU: Faransa, Spain, Italiya, Jamus, da sauransu, a yammacin Turai da kudu maso tsakiyarta, waɗanda ba a sami ruwan sama mai yawa ba tsawon kusan watanni biyu.
Manoman shinkafa na Italiya sun ce shukar na mutuwa da mutuwa a lokacin zafi da bushewa, inda suke samar da kashi 30 cikin 100 na shekarar da ta gabata.
Kasar Spain, wacce ke samar da kashi 50% na man zaitun a duniya, ba ta da kariya. Ministan Noma na kasar Spain Luis Planas ya yi gargadin cewa girbin zaitun na wannan shekarar zai yi kasa sosai fiye da na shekarun baya, yana mai hasashen cewa samar da zaitun zai ragu da kashi daya bisa uku.
Faduwar yawan hatsi da ake samu zai shafi samar da abinci ga Tarayyar Turai, inda Strategie Grains ta yi hasashen gibin tan 100,000 da tan 200,000 a shekarar 2022.
Sakamakon haka, hasashen abincin Turai ya riga ya yi hasashen cewa farashin abinci a Tarayyar Turai na iya ci gaba da hauhawa a lokacin kaka da hunturu na 2022.
Bugu da ƙari, sassan yankin Midwest na Amurka, wanda shine mafi girman masana'antar masara a duniya, suma suna fama da yanayi mai zafi da bushewa, wanda hakan ke haifar da damuwa game da rage yawan samar da ita.
Ana kuma sa ran samar da hatsi a duniya zai ragu a wannan shekarar, inda yawan alkama zai iya raguwa da kashi 0.8 cikin 100 zuwa tan miliyan 738.4 yayin da yawan masara ya ragu da kashi 3.6 cikin 100 zuwa tan biliyan 1.13, a cewar Strategie Grains.
Gargaɗi na baya-bayan nan: Fari mafi muni a cikin shekaru 500
Abin damuwa kuma shi ne, fari a Turai na iya ci gaba, ba tare da an kawar da yiwuwar ci gaba da tabarbarewa ba.
A cewar sabbin bayanai daga Hukumar Kula da Fari ta Turai, kashi 47 cikin 100 na filayen Tarayyar Turai yanzu suna ƙarƙashin gargaɗin fari, yayin da kashi 17 cikin 100 sun riga sun kai wani matsayi mafi girma. Gabaɗaya, sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na filayen Tarayyar Turai suna cikin mawuyacin hali sakamakon fari.
Jaridar Sky News ta ruwaito cewa Turai na iya fuskantar fari mafi muni a cikin kimanin shekaru 500, kamar yadda Andrea, wani mai bincike da ke tattara bayanai ga Hukumar Kula da Fari ta Turai ta yi gargadin.
Andrea ta nuna cewa fari a Turai a shekarar 2018 ya yi tsanani sosai, kuma aƙalla babu irin wannan fari a cikin shekaru 500 da suka gabata, wanda a cikin gogewarsa za a iya cewa ya fi muni fiye da na 2018.
A ƙasashe daban-daban, fari a Spain ya yi tsanani musamman. Ƙarfin ma'ajiyar ruwa ta Spain ya ci gaba da raguwa tun daga watan Agusta, inda ya bar kashi 40 cikin 100 na ƙarfinta, maki 20 cikin 100 ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙarfin da ake da shi a wannan lokacin a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Italiya kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da fari ya fi shafa, inda mafi girman kogin, wato —— Kogin Po, ya faɗi zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin shekaru 70. Gwamnati ta ayyana dokar ta-baci a yankin Kogin Po, wanda ya kai fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan amfanin gona da Italiya ke samarwa.
Faransa na fama da fari mafi muni a tarihi, wanda ke shafar ruwan sha, ban ruwa da samar da makamashi a gonaki, da kuma ruwa a birane da garuruwa sama da 100. Manoman yankin sun yi gargadin cewa samar da madara a kasuwa na iya shafar wannan hunturu idan fari ya ci gaba.
Wannan fari mai wahalar samu yana haifar da mummunan tasiri ga tattalin arzikin Turai. Darakta Janar na Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai ya yi gargadin cewa ba tare da lura da sauyin yanayi ba, Turai za ta iya asarar dubban biliyoyin daloli nan da wannan karni, ko kuma ta fi tasirin mummunan tasirin rikicin makamashi.
Tutocin ja na Arctic
Wataƙila babban haɗarin da ka iya tasowa ga yanayin zafi mai tsanani a Turai shine yadda yawan narkewar ƙanƙarar Arctic ke ƙaruwa.
Jaridar Washington Post tana dumama da sauri fiye da yadda masana kimiyya da yawa suka zata, tana ambaton wani sabon bincike da aka buga a mujallar Nature Communications-The Earth and the Environment (mujallar Nature Communications Earth and Environment), a cewar CCTV News.
Bincike ya nuna cewa yankin Arctic yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi fama da ɗumamar yanayi, inda Tsibiran Arctic Svalbard ke fuskantar mafi zafi a watan Yuni. A wani lokaci, zafin da ke yankin Arctic Circle ya tashi zuwa digiri 32.5 na Celsius a watan Yuli.
A wani ɓangare kuma, binciken ya yi nazarin yanayin zafin jiki a yankin Arctic Circle daga 1979 zuwa 2021 kuma ya gano cewa ɗumamar yanayi a sassan Eurasia na Tekun Arctic, musamman a Tekun Barents, ya ninka matsakaicin duniya sau bakwai.
Zafin da ake yi a yankin Arctic ya taɓa sa duniya cikin fargaba, kuma batun "Arctic zai iya sanya gajerun hannaye" ya zama babban batu.
Sabbin bayanai sun nuna cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin Tekun Barents ya karu da digiri 2.7 na Celsius duk bayan shekaru 10 a cikin shekaru 20 zuwa 40 da suka gabata, wanda hakan ya sanya Tekun Barents da tsibiran sa wuri mafi saurin dumama a Duniya.
Irin wannan yanayi mai tsanani yana hanzarta narkewar ƙanƙarar Arctic. A ƙarshen watan Yuli, tan biliyan 40 na kankara a Arctic Svalbard ya narke zuwa tekuna, a cewar sabbin bayanan bincike daga mujallar Nature Communications-Earth and the Environment.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙanƙarar da ta mamaye Greenland, tsibiri mafi girma a duniya, tana narkewa da sauri. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Texas sun ce jimillar narkewar ƙanƙarar Greenland ta yi muni saboda yanayin zafi mai yawa, har ma da ƙanƙarar da ke gabansu ana jin ta narkewa.
A cewar majiyoyin hukuma, yawancin Greenland tana cikin yankin Arctic Circle, kuma kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na tsibirin yana cike da kankara, wanda shine na biyu mafi girma a duniya, wanda ya mamaye kusan murabba'in kilomita miliyan 1.8, bayan kankara ta Antarctica, kuma matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara yana ƙasa da digiri 0 na Celsius.
Daga watan Yuni zuwa farkon Satumba, lokacin kawar da dusar ƙanƙara ta Greenland ne. Amma tun daga watan Yulin 2022, yanayin zafi mai tsanani a Turai ya hanzarta narkewar ƙanƙara a Greenland. Masu bincike sun yi gargaɗin cewa idan mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi, kamar yanayin zafi mai yawa, ya ci gaba, ƙanƙarar Greenland za ta iya narkewa sosai, kuma matakan teku na duniya za su iya ƙaruwa da mita 7.5, in ji masu bincike.
Babban rikicin da ya faru a Yammacin Amurka
A duk faɗin teku, Amurka ma tana fuskantar fari mai tsanani.
Kimanin kashi 6 cikin 100 na yammacin Amurka yana da bushewa sosai, kamar yadda aka bayyana ta hanyar asarar amfanin gona da wuraren kiwo na gida, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Fari ta Amurka (USDM), da kuma ƙarancin ruwa gaba ɗaya.
Bugu da ƙari, kashi 23 cikin 100 na yammacin Amurka suna cikin matsanancin fari, wanda ke ƙasa da "matsanancin fari"; kashi 26 cikin 100 suna cikin matsanancin fari, ƙarancin ruwa zai faru akai-akai, kuma gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi za su sanya takunkumin ruwa.
Wannan yana nufin kashi 55 cikin 100 na yammacin Amurka a halin yanzu suna cikin matsanancin fari. Kafafen yada labarai da dama na Amurka sun ce wannan shine mafi munin fari a lokacin da aka kafa shi sama da shekaru 200.
Musamman ma, jihar da ta fi yawan jama'a, —— California, tana da kashi 100 cikin 100 na yankunanta da suka ba da rahoton fari, inda kashi 97.5 cikin 100 ke fuskantar mummunan fari ko sama da haka.
An nemi mazauna Kudancin California da su rage amfani da ruwa da kashi 20 cikin 100, yayin da Gwamna Gavin Newsom ya ce a wani taron da aka yi a ƙarshen watan Yuli cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki kan albarkatun ruwa, da kuma yadda ake samun dama, adanawa da rarraba su zai buƙaci jihar ta yi aiki tare.
Bugu da ƙari, Lake Mead, babban ma'ajiyar ruwa a Amurka, shi ma ya yi ƙararrawa. Water Lake Mead ya ragu sosai a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, a cewar hotunan tauraron ɗan adam da NASA ta fitar a ƙarshen watan Yuli. Ya zuwa ranar 18 ga Yuli, Lake Midd ya kasance kashi 27% kawai na matsakaicin matakin ruwansa, wanda shine mafi ƙarancin matakin tun 1937.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-18-2022