- Amabhulokhi esiphelo anezitezi ezintathu amazinga amathathu okuxhumana azimele endaweni eyodwa yesitimela se-DIN, kunciphisa ububanzi bephaneli ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-60 uma kuqhathaniswa namabhulokhi esiphelo avamile asezingeni elilodwa.
- Izintambo zokusabalalisa ze-PLC ezinabantu abaningi zidingaimigoqo yamabhasi axhumene ngokuxhumanaezisabalalisa amasignali kuwo wonke amazinga amaningi e-terminal ngaphandle kokwandisa ubunzima bezintambo.
- I-voltage ekalwe ezindaweni ze-PLC zezimboni kumele ihlangabezaneI-IEC 60947-7-1okungenani ku-630V AC, kanye nokuphela kokususwa kokushisa okuvumela izintambo zasensimini ezingenamathuluzi.
- Ama-PLC asakaza amanethiwekhi esignali angu-24V DC kuzo zonke iziteshi ze-I/O ezingaphezu kuka-32 anganciphisa amaphutha okuxhuma ngocingo cishe ngo-70% uma esebenzisa amabhlogo e-terminal amaningi axhunywe ngokunqamula uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxhuma ngocingo ngakunye okuqondile.
- Ukukhetha izinto—indlu ye-polyamide 6.6 (I-UL94 V-0) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PPE/PPO—kunquma ukusebenza kwebhulokhi yokugcina ngaphansi kwezimo zekhabhinethi ye-PLC esezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu.
Inkinga Yobuningi Bezintambo Kumaphaneli Okulawula Ezimboni Zanamuhla
Uma uke wachitha isikhathi ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi ye-logic controller (PLC) ephakathi nendawo eyakhiwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwemihlanu edlule, uyazi kahle inkinga yobuningi bezintambo. Ikhabhinethi igcwele—igcwele ngokuphelele—ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ngazinye, iningi lazo liphethe amasignali e-24V DC afanayo avela kumzila wamandla ofanayo. Ikhadi ngalinye lokufaka lithola ucingo lwalo oluzinikele kusuka kumugqa webhulokhi yesiphelo. Isiteshi ngasinye sokukhipha sinendlela yokubuya ekhombisa ubunzima bokufaka. Umphumela uba yi-wiring harness ebiza kakhulu ukuyikhiqiza, okunzima kakhulu ukuyixazulula, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyishintsha ngaphandle kokufaka amaphutha amasha.
Ngizibonele mathupha iphaneli yesikhungo sokulawula izimoto engu-400-amp lapho izintambo zokuqala zathatha ochwepheshe ababili cishe amahora ayisishiyagalombili ukuthola ukwehluleka kwesiteshi esisodwa sokufaka okwagcina sekuyisikulufu esikhululekile ebhulokini lesiphelo. Leyo ndlela yokuxilonga ibingathatha imizuzu engaphansi kwengu-30 kuphaneli yokusabalalisa ye-PLC eklanywe kahle isebenzisa amabhulokhi esiphelo anezitezi ezintathu ezinokwakheka kokuxhumana okuphambene.
Lokhu akuyona inkinga ecatshangelwayo. Ezindaweni zesimanje zokuzenzakalela kwezimboni, ubuningi beziteshi ze-PLC I/O bukhuphuke kakhulu njengoba izinhlelo zokulawula sezithuthuke kakhulu. I-S7-1500 PLC evela ku-Siemens ingabhekana namaphuzu e-I/O ahlukene angu-8192 kuma-rack amaningi, futhi ngalinye lalawo maphuzu lidinga ukuqedwa kwentambo kokubili kumojula we-PLC I/O kanye nokuqedwa kwensimu. Uma uphindaphinda lokho ngisho nasekufakweni okuncane—ake sithi, amaphuzu angu-256 e-I/O—inselele yokuphathwa kwezintambo iba yinto ekhona ngempela kumakhi wephaneli kanye nochwepheshe wokulungisa ngokufanayo.
I-Ningbo J-Guang Electronics ubelokhu eklama futhi ekhiqiza amabhlogo esiphetho anabantu abaningi ngokuqondile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC kusukela ngo-2008, futhi ngichithe isikhathi esiningi ngisebenza ngqo nabahlanganisi bezinhlelo zokulawula kanye nabakhi bamaphaneli kulo lonkeIYurophu, iNyakatho Melika, kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia lapho okuvamile amabhlogo esiphetho ukwehluleka kanye nendlela ukwakheka kwe-multi-deck stacking okuxazulula ngayo lokho kwehluleka. Lesi sihloko siwukuhluzwa kwalokho engikufundile mayelana nokuthi kungani amabhlogo e-terminal e-triple-deck anomklamo wokuxhumanisa amelela ubuchwepheshe besimanje bezintambo zokusabalalisa ze-PLC, ukuthi yiziphi izici zobuchwepheshe ezibaluleke ngempela, nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani umkhiqizo ofanele indawo yakho yokufaka ethile.
Ukuqonda Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Ezinezitezi Ezintathu
Umkhawulo oyisisekelo wamabhulokhi e-terminal ajwayelekile e-single-level kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC ukungasebenzi kahle kwendawo. I-DIN41616 nomaI-IEC 60947-7-1 ibhlokhi yesiphelo ehambisanayo ithatha ububanzi bemojuli eyodwa (ngokuvamile i-6.2 mm noma i-12 mm kuye ngesilinganiso samanje) futhi inikeza izinga elilodwa lokungena ngentambo. Uma udinga ukusabalalisa iziteshi zokufaka ze-24V DC eziyishumi nambili ezihlukene ze-PLC ezivela kumzila wamandla ovamile, udinga izikhundla zebhlokhi yesiphelo eziyishumi nambili ngazinye, okusho ububanzi bemojuli eziyishumi nambili zesikhala sesitimela se-DIN.
Amabhulokhi e-terminal anezitezi ezintathu axazulula lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kwendawo ngokubeka amazinga amathathu okuphela kwentambo ezimele kububanzi bemojuli eyodwa. Ukwakhiwa kusebenzisa ibha yamanje evamile edlula kuzo zonke amazinga amathathu, kodwa izinga ngalinye lihlukaniswe ngogesi nge-insulating partition, futhi izinga ngalinye linendawo yalo yokungena yentambo ezimele. Umphumela uba ukuthi ungaqeda amasekethe amathathu entambo ahlukene—ngalinye linoxhumano lwalo lokufaka nokukhipha—ngaphakathi kwe-DIN rail footprint efanayo engadingwa yi-terminal block enezinga elilodwa.
Ngoba amadekhi amathathu abelana ngebha yamandla efanayo kodwa anezindawo zokuxhumana ezihlukene, ukucushwa kwe-triple-deck kulungele ukusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC lapho unebhasi lamandla noma lesiginali elivamile elixhuma ezindaweni eziningi. I-common busbar ixhuma kwi-top deck, kanye negatsha le-output circuits ezintathu ezizimele kusukela kuma-deck aphakathi naphansi. Esimweni sokusabalalisa kokufaka kwe-24V DC PLC, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-triple-deck terminal block eyodwa ingakhonza iziteshi zokufaka ezintathu ezivela ku-common feed eyodwa—kunciphisa ubude besitimela se-DIN obudingekayo ngezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu.
Umthelela osebenzayo kwezomnotho wokwakha amaphaneli ubalulekile. Kuphaneli ye-PLC ejwayelekile engu-256-I/O, ukushintshela kusuka kumabhulokhi esiphelo esisezingeni elilodwa kuya kumabhulokhi esiphelo esinama-triple-deck ukuze kusatshalaliswe amandla kunganciphisa inani lamabhulokhi esiphelo esiphelele ngezikhundla ezingu-60-80, okuhunyushwa ngqo ekuncipheni kobude besitimela se-DIN, usayizi wephaneli oncishisiwe (nezindleko), kanye nomthamo wentambo oncishisiwe. Sisebenze nabakhi bephaneli abanciphise isikhathi sabo sokwakha amaphaneli esimaphakathi ngamahora angu-4-6 ngephaneli ngayinye ngemuva kokushintshela kusakhiwo se-triple-deck sezingxenye zokusabalalisa ze-PLC.
Umklamo Wokuxhumana Okuphambene: Ukusabalalisa Izimpawu Ngaphandle Kwesiphithiphithi Sezintambo
Ukwakhiwa kwe-triple-deck kuyingxenye yesisombululo sokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC enobuningi obukhulu. Ingxenye yesibili ukwakheka kokuxhumana okuphambene—uhlelo lwe-bus bars yangaphakathi kanye ne-jumper bars yangaphandle evumela amazinga amaningi e-terminal ukuthi axhunywe ngogesi ngendlela elawulwayo, eguquguqukayo. Yilapho ubuhlakani bobunjiniyela bomkhiqizi we-terminal block bubonakala khona ngempela.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC, ukuxhumana okuphambene kubhekisela ekhonweni lokuxhuma ngogesi izikhundla eziningi ze-terminal eceleni kwesigaba sesitimela se-DIN ukuze isignali evamile (njenge-24V DC noma i-0V) isatshalaliswe emazingeni amaningi e-terminal ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izintambo ngazinye phakathi kwesikhundla ngasinye. Lokhu kufana nendlela ibhodi lokufaka izinsimbi ku-prototyping ye-elekthronikhi elisabalalisa ngayo iziteshi zamandla ezindaweni eziningi zezingxenye—kodwa ngokuqina kwemishini kanye nesitifiketi sikagesi esidingekayo ezindaweni zokulawula zezimboni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwakheka kokuxhumana okunqamulayo ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamabhulokhi esiphelo esiphezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-PLC:
Ukuxhumeka kwebha yamabhasi yangaphakathi. Ibha yebhasi eqinile yethusi noma yethusi idlula ngaphakathi endlini yebhulokhi yokugcina, ixhumanisa izindawo eziningi zokuphela ngaphakathi kwedivayisi eyodwa. Lena yindlela evumela ukwakheka kwebha yamanje ehlanganyelwe yomklamo we-triple-deck. Ibha yebhasi yangaphakathi kumele ibe nosayizi oqondile ukuze ithwale ugesi olinganiselwe ngaphandle kokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokweqile—ngokuvamile edinga indawo enqamula okungenani engu-4 mm² yebhulokhi yokugcina enesilinganiso esingu-30A enezikhundla ezintathu zedekhi. Ikhwalithi yokuphela kwebha yebhasi yangaphakathi entwasahlobo yokuxhumana ibalulekile: uxhumano lwangaphakathi olukhululekile noma olumelana kakhulu luzodala ukushisa kwendawo okonakalisa ubuso bokuxhumana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekugcineni kuholele ekwehlulekeni.
Ukuxhumeka kwebha ye-jumper yangaphandle. Amabha e-jumper angaphandle afakwe ngemuva kwemakethe noma afakwe efektri (abizwa nangokuthi amabhlogo okusabalalisa noma amabhuloho okuhambisa) axhuma phezulu kwamabhulokhi e-terminal aseduze ukuze adale ibhasi elivamile kumadivayisi amaningi. Lo mklamo uguquguqukayo kakhulu kunokuxhumeka kwangaphakathi ngoba ungahlela kabusha ukuthi yimaphi amablokhi e-terminal axhunywe kuliphi ibhasi ngaphandle kokuhlakaza ukwakheka kwangaphakathi. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokusabalalisa ze-PLC, amabha e-jumper angaphandle avame ukusetshenziswa ukudala amabhasi okusabalalisa amandla afanayo amaqembu okufaka e-PLC. Amabha e-jumper alinganiswa ngogesi ofanayo nebhulokhi ye-terminal uqobo, futhi amandla awo okuxhumana nebha yamanje yebhulokhi ye-terminal agcinwa umshini wentwasahlobo noma i-screw clamp.
Ku- J-Guang, amabhlogo ethu okugcina amadekhi amathathu sebenzisa inhlanganisela yamabha ebhasi angaphakathi ukuze kufakwe ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi kanye namabha e-jumper angaphandle ukuze kusakazwe phakathi kwamadivayisi. Lo mklamo ophindwe kabili unikeza abakhi bamaphaneli ukuguquguquka okuphezulu endleleni abalungiselela ngayo amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amasignali, futhi uvumela ukuguqulwa kwensimu ngaphandle kokuxhuma kabusha—ngoba unganqamula ingxenye ethile yebha ye-jumper ngaphandle kokuphazamisa yonke inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa.
Izilinganiso ze-Voltage kanye nezamanje: Yini I-IEC 60947-7-1 Empeleni Kuyadingeka
Esinye sezici ezingaqondakali kahle zokukhetha amabhlogo esiphetho sokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC uhlelo lokulinganisa i-voltage. Amabhlogo esiphetho aphethe i-voltage elinganisiwe kanye ne-current elinganisiwe, futhi zombili izincazelo zilawulwa yizindinganiso zomhlaba wonke—kodwa aziguquguquki, futhi ukuzidida kungenye yemithombo evame kakhulu yamaphutha ezincazelo engihlangana nawo ensimini.
Indinganiso esebenzayo yamabhulokhi wokugcina we-modular asetshenziswa emishinini yokulawula yezimboni yile I-IEC 60947-7-1 (I-switchgear ene-voltage ephansi kanye ne-controlgear—Ingxenye 7-1: Imishini esekelayo—Amabhlogo e-terminal abaqhubi bethusi). Leli zinga lichaza izidingo zokuhlolwa kwe-mechanical, kagesi, kanye nezemvelo okumele kudlule kuzo i-terminal block ukuze ithole isilinganiso. Imininingwane ebalulekile ngaphansi kwaleli zinga ifaka:
I-voltage elinganisiwe. I-voltage ephezulu kakhulu i-terminal block engayisebenzisa phakathi kwamasekethe aseduze noma phakathi kwesekethe kanye ne-mounting rail (uma ikhona). Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC ezisebenzisa amasignali e-24V DC, lokhu akuvamile ukuba yisithiyo—kodwa ekulawulweni kwemoto yesigaba esithathu noma ekusatshalalisweni kwe-AC okungu-480V, i-voltage elinganisiwe iba yinto ebalulekile. Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage elinganisiwe ye-terminal block ihlangabezana noma idlula i-voltage ephezulu yesistimu, hhayi i-voltage ejwayelekile kuphela. Ezindaweni ze-PLC zezimboni ezinamazinga e-voltage axubile (kufaka phakathi ama-feeder e-motor angu-480V AC), sincoma ukukhetha ama-terminal block alinganiswe kuwo.Ubuncane be-AC engu-630V ukunikeza isilinganiso sokuphepha esanele.
Isilinganiso samanje. Umkhawulo wokushisa oqhubekayo ophezulu ongathwalwa ngebhulokhi yesiphelo ngaphandle kokudlula ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa okuvunyelwe. Umkhawulo wokuphakama kwezinga lokushisa ngaphansi I-IEC 60947-7-1 kuyinto 45°C ngaphezu kwesimo sezulu ku-current elinganisiwe, elinganiswa ekupheleni komqhubi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ugesi olinganisiwe uthatha i-wire gauge ethile (ngokuvamile engu-2.5 mm² ye-20A terminal block) kanye nokushisa okuqondile kwe-ambient. Uma usebenzisa i-wire gauge encane kunalokho okulinganisiwe, umthamo wangempela wokuthwala ugesi uzoba ngaphansi kunenani elilinganisiwe ngenxa yokwanda kokushisa kwe-I²R kumqhubi ongaphansi.
I-voltage ye-impulse elinganisiwe. I-voltage impulse ephezulu (ukwanda) i-terminal block engamelana nayo ngaphandle kokuphuka. Kokufakwayo kwe-PLC ezindaweni zezimboni ezinemithwalo yemoto, ama-voltage impulse avela ekushintsheni kwe-inductive angafinyelela ku-2.5–4 kV ngisho naku-24V DC circuits. I-voltage ye-impulse elinganisiwe ichazwe ku-2.5 kV, 4 kV, 6 kV, noma 8 kV kuye ngesigaba semishini (Isigaba se-Overvoltage I, II, III, noma IV). Kumakhabhinethi e-PLC afaka ama-variable frequency drive (ama-VFD), ukukhetha amabhlogo e-terminal alinganiselwe okungenani ku-4 kV impulse kuwukuhlakanipha.
Izinga lokungcola. I-IEC 60947-7-1 idinga ukuthi amabhlogo okugcina alinganiswe ngezinga elithile lokungcola (1, 2, noma 3), elichaza izimo zemvelo lapho imishini izosebenza khona. Izinga Lokungcola 3 lisebenza kumakhabhinethi okulawula izimboni lapho kungalindelwa khona ukungcola okuqhubayo (njengothuli kanye nokujiya). Njalo chaza Izinga Lokungcola 3 kwezicelo zekhabhinethi ye-PLC yezimboni, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amabanga okucwila kanye nokususwa kwebhloko yokugcina acacisiwe ngokufanele.
Izindlela Zokuqeda Izintambo: I-Screw Clamp vs. I-Spring Cage vs. I-Insulation Displacement
Indlela yokuqeda intambo yindlela umqhubi wentambo axhumana ngayo ngogesi nebha yamanje yebhulokhi yesiphelo. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusabalalisa ze-PLC, ubuchwepheshe obuthathu obuphambili bokuqeda bunezinzuzo ezihlukile:
Ukuqeda i-screw clamp. Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwe kakhulu, ukusebenzisa isikulufu ukufaka ingcindezi epuletini lokubopha elivikela umqhubi ngokumelene nebha yamanje. Ukuphela kwe-screw clamp kunikeza ukuthembeka okuhle kokuxhumana futhi kwamukelwa kabanzi ezindinganisweni zezimboni emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, zidinga i-screwdriver noma ukhiye we-hex ukuze zifakwe (ukwengeza isikhathi ekwakheni iphaneli), futhi zingase ziwohloke uma i-screw ikhululeka ngaphansi kokudlidliza—imodi yokwehluleka eyaziwayo kumaphaneli okulawula ezimboni anezinqwaba zezintambo ezisindayo noma imishini yokudlidliza. Sichaza ukuphela kwe-screw clamp kwezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuphela kuzofinyelelwa khona njalo ukuze kulungiswe noma lapho ukufakwa kwezintambo kwenziwa ngabasebenzi abakhetha impendulo ethintekayo.
Ukuphela kwekheji lasentwasahlobo. Indlela yentwasahlobo isebenzisa amandla okubopha aqhubekayo kumqhubi wentambo, isusa isidingo sesikulufu futhi ivumela ukufakwa kwentambo engenamathuluzi. Ukuphela kwekheji lentwasahlobo kuyashesha ukufakelwa ucingo ezindaweni zokukhiqiza futhi ngokwemvelo kuyamelana nokudlidliza ngoba intwasahlobo igcina amandla okuxhumana ahambisanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudlidliza. Kodwa-ke, ukuphela kwekheji lentwasahlobo kuvame ukuba nokumelana kokuthinta okuphezulu kancane kunokuphela kwe-screw clamp, futhi kungase kungamukeleki kwezinye izindinganiso zezimboni ezindala ezandulela ubuchwepheshe bekheji lentwasahlobo. Sincoma ukupheliswa kwekheji lentwasahlobo ezindaweni ze-PLC ezidlidliza kakhulu njengeziteshi zokupompa, izindawo zokuvala i-compressor, kanye namaphaneli okulawula e-HVAC.
Ukuphela kokususwa kokushisa (i-IDC). Ukuthintana kwesitayela se-blade okubhoboza ukufakelwa kwentambo futhi kuthintane nomqhubi lapho intambo icindezelwa endaweni yokuphela. Ukuphela kwe-IDC kuyashesha kakhulu (akudingeki ukuhlubula) futhi kunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokudlidliza, kodwa kufanele kuphela abaqhubi abaqinile noma abaqhubi ababoshwe kahle ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile bosayizi. Akufanele abaqhubi ababoshwe kakhulu. Kuzintambo zokusabalalisa ze-PLC ezisebenzisa ukugijima kwentambo eqinile okusikiwe kusengaphambili ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, ukuqeda kwe-IDC kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuqeda ngo-40-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ze-screw clamp. Sichaza ukuqeda kwe-IDC kwabakhi bephaneli be-OEM abaqeda inani elikhulu lokugijima kwentambo okujwayelekile.
Izinto Zokuhlala: PA6.6 vs. PPE/PPO kanye Nemiphumela Yokusebenza
Izinto zokwakha izindlu ze-terminal block zinquma ukusebenza kwazo kokushisa, ukubambezeleka komlilo, kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali—konke lokhu kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezindaweni zekhabhinethi ye-PLC lapho izingxenye ezikhiqiza ukushisa ezifana nezinsiza zikagesi ze-PLC kanye namamojula okushayela zidala amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Izinto zokwakha ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-terminal block ezimboni yi-polyamide 6.6 (PA 6.6) kanye ne-modified polyphenylene ether/polyphenylene oxide (PPE/PPO blends).
I-PA 6.6 (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-nylon) iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu njengendlu yokugcina amabhlogo. Izinzuzo zayo ezibalulekile amandla amahle kakhulu omshini, izakhiwo ezinhle ze-dielectric, kanye nokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali okubanzi. I-PA 6.6 iyafezwa I-UL94 V-0 ukubambezeleka komlilo ubukhulu obungu-0.8 mm, okwanelisa izidingo zokusha I-IEC 60947-7-1Kodwa-ke, i-PA 6.6 inomkhawulo wokushisa oqhubekayo ongaba ngu-105°C, futhi imunca umswakama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi—okunganciphisa amandla ayo e-dielectric afinyelela ku-30% ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Izinto zokwakha ze-PPE/PPO zinikeza ukumelana okuphezulu komswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza okuqhubekayo (kufika ku-115–120°C). Izakhiwo zazo ze-dielectric zizinzile kakhulu kuwo wonke amazinga omswakama, okwenza zikhetheke kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-PLC yangaphandle noma enomswakama ophezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-PPE/PPO ibiza kakhulu kune-PA 6.6, futhi ukumelana kwayo nomthelela womshini emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuphansi—ngakho-ke ekusetshenzisweni kwekhabhinethi ye-PLC yangaphakathi ejwayelekile, i-PA 6.6 isalokhu iyisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu.
Kumabhulokhi okugcina e-PLC asetshenziswa kumakhabethe avaliwe anamazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-55°C (okuvamile kumakhabethe avaliwe anezingxenye ezikhiqiza ukushisa), izindlu ze-PA 6.6 zanele. Ngokufakwa ezindaweni ezivalekile zangaphandle, ukuchayeka elangeni ngqo, noma ezindaweni zezimboni ezishisa kakhulu, sincoma izindlu ze-PPE/PPO. Njalo qinisekisa imininingwane yezinto zendlu kushidi ledatha—amashidi amaningi okugcina e-terminal block awacacisi ngokucacile izinto zendlu, okufanele kube uphawu olubomvu.
Amanothi Okusebenza: Ukusebenzisa Amabhulokhi E-Terminal Aphezulu Ekufakweni Kwangempela kwe-PLC
Ukuba namabhulokhi okugcina anikeziwe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene—ukuhlanganiswa kwezimoto, ukucubungula ukudla neziphuzo, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, kanye nokulawulwa kwe-HVAC—ngifuna ukwabelana ngamaphethini okusetshenziswa asebenzayo aletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu kanye namaphutha okucacisa avame ukuholela ezinkingeni emkhakheni.
Isimiso sokusebenza esibaluleke kakhulu yilesi ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwesignali. Ekhabhinethi ye-PLC enamazinga ahlanganisiwe kagesi (ama-feeder e-motor angu-480V AC, amasekethe okulawula angu-230V AC, i-24V DC PLC I/O), amabhulokhi esiphetho sezinga ngalinye legesi kufanele ahlukaniswe ngokomzimba, kungaba ngokufaka kuma-rails ahlukene e-DIN anesehlukaniso esicacile noma ngokusebenzisa amabhulokhi esiphetho sesitayela sesithintelo ahlinzeka ngesehlukaniso esingokoqobo phakathi kwamasekethe ahlukene kagesi aseduze. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyadingeka ngu I-IEC 60204-1 (Ukuphepha kwemishini—Imishini kagesi) futhi akuyona into ongayikhetha ezindleleni eziningi zokuhlola ukuphepha kwezimboni.
Ngokuqondene nesigaba sokusabalalisa se-24V DC PLC I/O, sincoma ukusebenzisa ukucushwa kwe-triple-deck lapho i-top deck iyibhasi lamandla elivamile (i-24V DC evela kugesi), i-middle deck iphakela iqembu lokufaka le-PLC A, kanti i-bottom deck iphakela iqembu lokufaka le-PLC B. Lokhu kucushwa kuvumela ibhasi elivamile ukuthi lihlukaniswe ngezinjongo ze-lockout-tagout ngenkathi womabili amaqembu okufaka ehlala enikwe amandla, futhi kwenza amaqembu okufaka ngamanye anqanyulwe ukuze alungiswe ngaphandle kokuthinta elinye iqembu.
Iphutha elivamile lokucacisa engilibonayo ukwehlisa isilinganiso samanje se-terminal block sokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-PLC. Iziteshi zokufaka ze-24V DC power rail feeding32 PLC ku-20 mA ngesiteshi ngasinye zithwala inani eliphelele elingu-640 mA—ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso samanje sanoma yiliphi i-terminal block. Kodwa-ke, i-inrush current evela kumamojula wokufaka we-PLC (angaba ngu-3-5x we-steady-state current ngesikhathi sokufaka amandla) ingacindezela okwesikhashana i-distribution terminal block. Sincoma ukucacisa ama-terminal blocks okusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-PLC nge-rate current okungenani engu-150% we-steady-state current ebaliwe, ukuze kunikezwe imajini eyanele yezimo ze-inrush kanye ne-fault.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo okusebenzayo yilokhu ukuphathwa kwentambo kanye nomzilaAmabhulokhi e-terminal anezitezi ezintathu anciphisa inani lezintambo kodwa andisa ubuningi bezintambo endaweni ngayinye yokuphela (izintambo ezintathu endaweni eyodwa). Lokhu kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ekufakweni kwezintambo emgqeni we-terminal block ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho radius eyodwa ye-wire bend eqine kakhulu, okungalimaza ukufakelwa kwentambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Sincoma ukugcina i-radius encane ye-bend engu-3x ububanzi bangaphandle bentambo ukuze kuqhutshwe izintambo eziguquguqukayo.
Ukulungiswa, Ukuxazulula Izinkinga, kanye Nokuguqulwa Kwensimu
Esinye sezimpikiswano eziphoqelela kakhulu zamabhulokhi e-terminal ane-density ephezulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC yinzuzo yokulungisa nokuxazulula izinkinga ezinikezayo. Lapho isiteshi sokufaka se-PLC sihluleka kuphaneli enezintambo ezivamile, inqubo yokuxilonga idinga ukulandelela intambo ngayinye kusukela kumojuli yokufaka emuva ngebhulokhi ye-terminal kuya kudivayisi yasensimini—inqubo engathatha amahora amaningi ku-harness eyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlelo oluklanywe kahle. ibhulokhi yesiphelo enamadekhi amathathu ukufakwa, indlela yokuxilonga imfushane kakhulu ngoba indawo ngayinye yebhulokhi yokugcina isebenza umsebenzi ochaziwe futhi obikezelwayo.
Ngokushintshwa kwensimu—okwenzeka kaningi kakhulu kunalokho abaklami bezinhlelo zokulawula abaningi abakulindele—amabhulokhi e-terminal anezitezi ezintathu anokuxhumeka kwe-jumper bar yangaphandle anikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe. Lapho ukunwetshwa kwesistimu ye-PLC kudinga ukwengeza iziteshi zokufaka, inqubo ivame ukukhawulelwa ekungezeni izikhundla ze-terminal block esigabeni sesitimela se-DIN esitholakalayo, ukufaka ama-jumper bars amasha ukuze kwandiswe ibhasi lokusabalalisa ezikhundleni ezintsha, kanye nokuqeda izintambo ezintsha zensimu. Lokhu kushesha kakhulu kunokusebenzisa izintambo ezintsha zomuntu ngamunye kusuka ku-array ye-terminal block ephakathi kuya endaweni ngayinye entsha ye-I/O.
Ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside, ngincoma ukuthi kusungulwe isheduli yokuqinisekisa i-torque ye-terminal block yokuphela kwe-screw-clamp ezindaweni ezinokudlidliza okuphezulu. Isikhathi se-torque sincike ezingeni lokudlidliza: kumakhabethe ezindaweni zezimboni ezijwayelekile (iphansi elijwayelekile le-workshop), ukuqinisekiswa kwe-torque yonyaka kwanele; kumakhabethe emishinini yokudlidliza (amaphampu, ama-compressor, izikrini zokudlidliza), ukuqinisekiswa konyaka ngamunye kuhlakaniphile kakhulu. Sebenzisa i-screwdriver ye-torque elinganisiwe esethwe kunani le-torque elichazwe yi-datasheet—ngokuvamile i-0.5–0.8 Nm ye-terminal block engu-4 mm².
Ukuqinisekiswa Kwemithombo Nokusethwa Kwekhwalithi: Okufanele Ukufune Kumhlinzeki Wakho
Akuzona zonke amabhlogo esiphetho anabantu abaningi zakhiwe ngokulinganayo, futhi umehluko wemininingwane ohlukanisa umkhiqizo oklanywe ngempela nomkhiqizo omusha awubonakali njalo esithombeni sekhathalogi. Nakhu engikuncomayo ukuthi ukucele kuwe umhlinzeki webhulokhi yesiphelo:
Cela i- I-IEC 60947-7-1 umbiko wokuhlolwaNoma yimuphi umenzi othi uyahambisana naleli zinga kufanele akwazi ukunikeza umbiko wokuhlolwa ovela elabhorethri yokuhlola egunyaziwe (njenge I-TÜV Rheinland, UL, I-CSAnoma I-Bureau Veritas). Umbiko wokuhlola ubhala phansi amanani angempela alinganisiwe amandla e-dielectric, ukumelana nokushisa, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokukhuthazela komshini—hhayi nje izilinganiso ezishiwo. Umhlinzeki ongakwazi noma ongeke anikeze lo mbhalo uyisibonakaliso esibalulekile.
Qinisekisa isilinganiso se-voltage impulse kanye nezinga lokungcola embikweni wokuhlolwa. Amashidi amaningi edatha ajwayelekile e-terminal block afaka uhlu lwe- I-IEC 60947-7-1 isimangalo sokuthobela imithetho ngaphandle kokucacisa isilinganiso se-voltage impulse noma izinga lokungcola—okusho ukuthi lawo mapharamitha awahlolwanga, noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa yayimibi ngokwanele kangangokuthi ayifakwanga kudathashethi. Ezindaweni ze-PLC zezimboni, kufanele ubone i-Pollution Degree 3 kanye ne-Impulse Voltage 4 kV noma ngaphezulu njengemininingwane encane.
Qinisekisa ishidi ledatha yezinto zezindluCela izinga lezinto zokwakha kanye UL94 isilinganiso sokusha. Amabhulokhi e-PA 6.6 terminal kufanele aqinisekiswe ukuthi I-UL94 V-0 ngobukhulu bodonga lwendlu olusetshenziswe kumkhiqizo. Uma umhlinzeki engakwazi ukunikeza ishidi ledatha yezinto zokwakha, isimangalo sezinto zokwakha asiqinisekisiwe.
Hlola incazelo yokumelana nokuxhumana. Ibhulokhi yesiphelo sekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele ibe nokumelana kokuxhumana okungaphansi kwe-1 mΩ (milliohm) kumandla kagesi alinganisiwe, alinganiswa endaweni yokuphela kwentambo. Amanani aphezulu okumelana kokuxhumana abonisa ukulungiswa okuphansi kwendawo yokuxhumana noma ukwakheka kwamandla entwasahlobo/i-clamp angaphansi kokufanele, kokubili okuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kagesi aphezulu noma okushisa okuphezulu.
Amathrendi Avelayo: Amabhulokhi E-Smart Terminal kanye Nokuxilongwa Okuhlanganisiwe
Imakethe yamabhulokhi esiphetho isiqala ukubona ukwethulwa kwezici zokuxilonga ezihlanganisiwe ezazingenakwenzeka ngaphambilini ngezingxenye ezingasebenzi. Abakhiqizi abaningana—kufaka phakathi i-J-Guang—bathuthukisa imikhiqizo yamabhulokhi esiphetho enezinzwa zokuqapha zamanje ezifakiwe, ama-LED esimo, kanye nezixhumi zokuxhumana ezivumela ibhulokhi yesiphetho ngokwayo ukuthi ibike isimo sayo ku-PLC noma ku-BMS ngebhasi ledijithali.
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC, intuthuko ethembisayo kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwe amabha ebhasi azwa ugesi engathola amasekethe avulekile noma amanani wamanje angajwayelekile ezindaweni zokuvimba kwetheminali ngayinye ngaphandle kwezinzwa zangaphandle ezengeziwe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuxwayisa ngokugcinwa kokuvimbela (kunokuba kube impendulo yokwehluleka okusabelayo) kwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa izintambo ze-PLC. I-terminal block enenzwa yamanje ehlanganisiwe ebika ku-PLC ngaphezulu kwe- I-Modbus RTU noma I-CANopen isikhombimsebenzisi singaxwayisa opharetha ngokuthuthukisa izinkinga zokuxhumeka kwentambo ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukwehluleka kokufaka kwe-PLC.
Sibona futhi ukwanda kokwamukelwa kwe- izindlela zokukhulula ezingenamathuluzi ngamabhulokhi esiphetho sekheji lentwasahlobo avumela ukususwa kwentambo ngaphandle kwamathuluzi—isici esisiza kakhulu isikhathi sokufinyelela ekunakekelweni. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqedwa kwekheji lentwasahlobo (ngesivinini sokufakwa kokuqala) nokukhululwa okungenamathuluzi (ngesivinini sokufinyelela ekunakekelweni) kuyathandeka kakhulu ezindaweni zokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC lapho kokubili izindleko zokwakha amaphaneli okuqala kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziqhubekayo kuyizinto ezibalulekile.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Iyini inzuzo eyinhloko yamabhulokhi e-terminal ane-triple-deck ngaphezu kwamabhulokhi e-terminal e-single-level ekusabalalisweni kwe-PLC?
Amabhulokhi e-terminal anezitezi ezintathu abeka amazinga amathathu okuxhumana azimele kububanzi bemoduli yesitimela ye-DIN eyodwa, okwenza ukuthi amasekethe amathathu ahlukene aqedwe esikhaleni senye. Ngezintambo zokusatshalaliswa kwe-PLC, lokhu kunciphisa ububanzi bephaneli ngamaphesenti angama-60 uma kuqhathaniswa nokulungiselelwa okulingana kwezinga elilodwa, kunciphisa inani lamabhulokhi e-terminal kakhulu, futhi kwenza kube lula ukuxhuma ngokuhlanganisa isitimela samandla esivamile kanye namasekethe amaningi egatsha abe yidivayisi eyodwa.
Yini eyenza I-IEC 60947-7-1 kusho ukuthini ukuhambisana nokukhethwa kwebhulokhi yesiphelo?
I-IEC 60947-7-1 kuyindinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe elawula amabhlogo wokugcina we-modular wabaqhubi bethusi. Ukuthobela imithetho kusho ukuthi umkhiqizo uphumelele ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwemishini, kagesi, kanye nemvelo okuhlanganisa amandla e-dielectric (ngokuvamile angu-2.5–8 kV impulse), ukumelana nokushisa, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kumandla kagesi alinganisiwe, kanye nokujikeleza kokuqina kwemishini. Cela njalo umbiko wokuhlolwa elabhorethri egunyaziwe—izimangalo zeshidi ledatha ngaphandle kwemibhalo yokuhlola azinakuqinisekiswa.
Iyiphi indlela yokuqeda intambo engcono kakhulu ezindaweni ze-PLC ezidlidliza kakhulu?
Ukuphela kwekheji lasentwasahlobo kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sezindawo ze-PLC ezidlidliza kakhulu ngoba indlela yasentwasahlobo igcina amandla okuxhumana aqhubekayo kungakhathaliseki ukunyakaza okubangelwa ukudlidliza. Ukuphela kwe-screw clamp kungakhululeka ngaphansi kokudlidliza okuqhubekayo, okuholela ekumelaneni okukhulu kokuxhumana, ukushisa kwendawo, kanye nokwehluleka ekugcineni. Ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zezimboni ngaphandle kokudlidliza okukhulu, i-screw clamp noma ikheji lasentwasahlobo inikeza ukuthembeka okwanele.
Ngingayilinganisa kanjani ibhulokhi yesiphelo sokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwe-PLC 24V DC?
Bala inani lamanje elizinzile (isamba sawo wonke amaza okufaka eziteshini ze-PLC), bese ucacisa ibhulokhi yesiphelo elinganiselwe okungenani u-150% walelo nani ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namanje okungena. Isibonelo, ama-input angu-32 e-PLC ku-20 mA ngayinye = isamba esingu-640 mA; chaza ibhulokhi yesiphelo elinganiselwe okungenani u-1A. I-voltage elinganiselwe kufanele ibe ngu-630V AC okungenani I-IEC 60947-7-1, ngisho nasezindaweni ze-DC ezingama-24V, ukuze kuhlinzekwe isilinganiso sokuphepha esanele kanye nesilinganiso sezinga lokungcola.
Yikuphi ukwakheka kwendlu okufanele ngikuchaze kwikhabhinethi ye-PLC esebenza endaweni eshisayo engu-50°C?
Kumakhabethe e-PLC avaliwe angafika ku-55°C ekushiseni okuzungezile, izindlu ze-PA 6.6 (polyamide 6.6) zilinganiselwe ku- I-UL94 V-0 ngobukhulu obungu-0.8 mm kwanele. Kodwa-ke, i-PA 6.6 imunca umswakama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunciphisa amandla e-dielectric ezimweni ezinomswakama ophezulu. Ezindaweni ezivalekile zangaphandle, ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, noma amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-85°C, izindlu ze-PPE/PPO zinikeza ukumelana nomswakama okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo (kufika ku-115–120°C).
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebha yebhasi yangaphakathi kanye nokuxhumeka kwebha ye-jumper yangaphandle?
Ibha yebhasi yangaphakathi ixhumanisa amadekhi amathathu ngaphakathi kwedivayisi eyodwa yebhulokhi yesiphelo, ivumela ukwakheka kwebha yamanje ehlanganyelwe enamadekhi amathathu. Ibha ye-jumper yangaphandle ixhumanisa amadivayisi amaningi ebhulokhi yesiphelo eduze kwesigaba sesitimela se-DIN, idala ibhasi lokusabalalisa elivamile emgqeni webhulokhi yesiphelo. Amabha ebhasi angaphakathi ahlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kwangaphakathi kwamadivayisi; amabha e-jumper angaphandle ahlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kwangaphakathi kwamadivayisi. Womabili ayadingeka ekwakheni okuphelele kokusabalalisa kwe-PLC.
Ngingaqinisekisa kanjani izimangalo zekhwalithi zomhlinzeki we-terminal block?
Cela i- I-IEC 60947-7-1 umbiko wokuhlolwa ovela elabhorethri yokuhlola egunyaziwe (I-TÜV Rheinland, UL, I-CSAnoma I-Bureau Veritas). Umbiko kufanele ubhale phansi amanani angempela alinganisiwe amandla e-dielectric, i-impulse voltage, izinga lokungcola, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokukhuthazela komshini—hhayi nje izilinganiso ezishiwo. Cela futhi ishidi ledatha lezinto zendlu elino UL94 isilinganiso, futhi uqinisekise imininingwane yokumelana nokuxhumana (kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwe-1 mΩ). Abahlinzeki abangakwazi ukunikeza la madokhumenti bayingozi enkulu yekhwalithi.
Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ibhulokhi yesiphelo enama-triple-deck kukhabhinethi ye-PLC?
Isidingo esiyinhloko sokulungiswa kwamabhulokhi esigubhu esivala izikulufo ezindaweni ezidlidliza kakhulu ukuqinisekiswa kwe-torque njalo (ngonyaka ezindaweni zezimboni ezijwayelekile, kabili ngonyaka kumakhabethe emishini adlidlizayo). Iziphetho zekheji lasentwasahlobo azidingi ukulungiswa kwe-torque kodwa kufanele zihlolwe njalo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi intwasahlobo iyasebenza kahle. Wonke amabhulokhi esigubhu kufanele ahlolwe ngokubonakalayo minyaka yonke ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokushisa ngokweqile (ukushintsha kombala, ukulandelwa kwekhabhoni endlini), futhi noma yiliphi ibhulokhi lesigubhu elibonisa lezi zimpawu kufanele lishintshwe ngokushesha.