TL;DR: E tautuhia ana e te EN 13356 te mahi whakaata whakamuri iti rawa mō ngā whakaata haumaru hikoi kāore i te hikoi e mau ana ki te tinana. E hiahiatia ana e te ture a Pinirana kia mau ngā hikoi i ngā hikoi i runga i ngā rori pōuri; e tino tumanakohia ana ēnei e Huitene, Nōwei, me Tenemāka. Ka whakakahoretia e ngā kaihokohoko Nordic te hua kāore i te whaimana. Ka taea e ngā whakaata tapahi-mate ritenga i roto i ngā āhua motuhake o te waitohu te whakatutuki i te whakaritenga EN 13356 mena ka tutuki te pepa whakaata i ngā paepae tauwehenga-o-te-whakaata whakamuri me ngā whakamātautau pakari o te paerewa. Me tīmata ngā waitohu e uru ana ki ngā mākete Scandinavian ki te rapu whakaata 12 wiki i mua i te rā tuku me te tohe kia whai tuhinga whakaritenga kua whakamatautauria e te taiwhanga. Tirohia te rārangi whakaata OEM a NBjge mō ngā kōwhiringa kua whaimanahia, kua taea te whakarite.
1. Te Raru Tirohanga Nordic: Te Pōuri, te Nekehanga, me te Wā Tauhohenga a te Taraiwa
I ngā hotoke teitei o Scandinavia, ka puta te pōuriuri o ia rā, ā, ka horomia te nuinga o ngā hāora oma i muri i te mahi. I Stockholm, ka mutu te ahiahi pō i mua i te 3:00 i te ahiahi i te rā o te takurua. I Tromso, ka roa te pō pō mō ngā wiki. Ko ngā kai-oma e whakawhirinaki ana ki te māramatanga o te rā, ka tūtaki ki tētahi hanganga taupatupatu i waenga i tā rātou kaupapa whakangungu me te mārama e wātea ana.
Nō reira, kāore e taea te wehewehe i te hoahoa kākahu oma i roto i ēnei mākete mai i te hangarau tirohanga. Ko te koti e mahi pai ana i roto i te kauhanga hau engari ka ngaro i raro i ngā rama o mua, kāore e ranea te whakamahinga taketake mō tana kiritaki. Ko te wero hoahoa ehara i te mea ko te tāpiri noa i te rīpene whakaata - engari ko te whakauru i ngā huānga whakaata whakamuri kua whakamanahia e ora ana i ngā uauatanga o te whakangungu hotoke Nordic: te pāmahana i raro i te kore, te hukarere mākū, ngā tioata hukapapa whakakoi, me te horoinga auau. Koinei te wāhi e noho ai te paerewa EN 13356 hei tohutoro whakamutunga mō ngā tīma hua.
Ko ngā whenua Nordic kei roto tonu i ngā whenua oma pai rawa atu o te ao mō ia tangata. Ko Finland, ko Sweden, me Norway e whakangungu tahi ana i te tau katoa. Kua whakaakona ēnei kaihoko ki te hangarau whakaata - he tokomaha i tipu ake me te mau whakaata haumaru whaiaro i a rātou e tamariki ana, ā, kei te haere tonu te mahi i a rātou e pakeke ana. E mōhio ana rātou ki te rerekētanga i waenga i te whakaata pono kua whakamanahia e te EN 13356 me te tānga whakarewa whakapaipai e kanapa ana i raro i te whakaahua uira engari he iti noa te whakaata whakamuri i raro i te āhua o te rama matua.
Ka whakamāramahia e ngā rama o mua o te motuka te mata o te rori tata ki te 60-100 mita ki mua i raro i ngā āhuatanga hihi iti. I te 70 km/h, me 35 mita te tawhiti o te taraiwa hei tū. Ka kitea te hikoi e mau ana i ngā kākahu hākinakina pouri i te 25-30 mita pea - he tata rawa ki te taupoki parai. Ka whakawhānuihia e te whakaata haumaru hikoi kotahi te tawhiti kitenga ki te 150 mita, neke atu rānei, ka hoatu ki te taraiwa neke atu i te whitu hēkona o te wā urupare tāpiri.
Mō ngā waitohu taputapu oma, ehara tēnei i te āhuatanga iti noa iho. He whakaritenga haumaru hua tēnei e pā tika ana ki te oranga o te kaihoko i te oma whakangungu hotoke. E mārama ana ngā kaihoko Nordic ki tēnei, ā, e tumanako ana rātou kia aro atu ā rātou kākahu ki tēnei āhuatanga.
2. Ngā Mea e Whakatakotoria Ana e te EN 13356
EN 13356 he paerewa whakakotahi a Ūropi e kiia nei ko "Kakahu tiaki -- Ngā taputapu tirohanga mō te whakamahinga kore-ngaio -- Ngā tikanga whakamātautau me ngā whakaritenga." E pā ana tēnei ki ngā taputapu whakaata-muri kāore e whakamahia ana te hiko, i hangaia hei mau mā ngā kaihaerere, ngā kaieke pahikara, me ētahi atu kaiwhakamahi rori e pāngia ana.
E toru ngā wāhanga o te mahi e tautuhia ana e te paerewa:
- Te whakarea whakaata (RA): Inehia ki te cd/lux·m² i ngā koki tirotiro me ngā koki tomokanga kua tautuhia. Me eke te pepa mā, hiriwa rānei ki ngā uara RA i runga ake i te 300 cd/lux·m² i te āhua o te koki tirotiro / 5°. He iti ake te ōrite o ngā paepae o ngā rauemi tae engari he mea whakarite tonu.
- Ngā whakaritenga tae-ira: Mā ngā taunga chromaticity ka kitea te mārama whakaata he mā, he kōwhai, he whero-karaka rānei -- arā, ngā tae e tino kitea ana e te pūnaha tirohanga tangata i raro i ngā āhuatanga scotopic me mesopic.
- Te pakari: Me pupuri tonu e ngā whakaata ngā uara RA iti rawa i muri i te pānga ki te pakū, te huringa pāmahana i waenga i te -20°C me te +50°C, me te ua whakaata. Koinei te wāhanga tino nui mō ngā taputapu oma hotoke o Nordic, ina tu atu ngā whakaata i te piko tonu, te pā ki te werawera, te pakū hukarere, me te rokiroki i raro i te kore.
Ko ngā hua e puta ana i ngā wāhanga e toru ka whiwhi i te mana ki te mau i te tohu EN 13356 me te tohu tapatoru whakaata whakamuri e mōhiotia whānuitia ana. Ki te kore tēnei, he mea whakapaipai noa iho te whakaata - he kanapa te tirohanga i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere engari kāore anō kia whakamātauhia i raro i ngā āhuatanga haumaru-tino nui o te ao tūturu.
He mea nui, ka whakamātautauhia e te EN 13356 te huihuinga whakaata kua oti, ehara i te mea ko te rauemi mata anake. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ko te tautoko piri, te hiri taha, ngā papa tiaki, me te papa e whakamahia ana te whakaata ka pā ki te pai o te hua whakamutunga. Kāore e taea e te waitohu te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi pepa raraunga rauemi anake; me tiki e ia ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mō te whirihoranga hua motuhake ka tukuna i roto i te kākahu.
3. Te Ture o Pinirana me te Tumanakohanga Whānui o te Mākete Nordic
E whakahau ana te Ture Waka Rori o Pinirana (Tieliikennelaki, Wāhanga 69) me mau he whakaata e ngā kaihaerere e hikoi ana i ngā rori kāore he rama tiriti i waenganui i te tōnga o te rā me te putanga mai o te rā. He pono te whakatinanatanga: kua roa ngā pirihimana e whakaputa ana i ngā kaupapa ārahi, ā, e whakaaro ana ngā kaihoko o Pinirana ki ngā whakaata hei taputapu nui, ehara i te taputapu whiriwhiri. He tata whānui te urunga ahurea - he mea noa te kite i ngā kaihaerere o Pinirana e mau ana i ngā whakaata maha i te wā kotahi i ngā rohe tinana rerekē.
Kāore a Huitene, Nōwei, me Tenemāka e whakatakoto ana i tētahi herenga ture ki ngā kaihīkoi pakeke, engari he ōrite te mahi a te mākete. Ko ngā kaihokohoko nui o waho me ngā kaihokohoko o Nordic -- tae atu ki a Intersport Scandinavia, Stadium, XXL, me te whatunga tohatoha Finnish a Karhu -- e hiahia ana kia tutukihia te whakaritenga EN 13356 hei whakaritenga mō te whakatakotoranga whata. Ko tētahi waitohu e tomo ana ki te mākete me te kore he whakaata whaimana ka tūtaki tonu ki te whakakorenga mai i ngā kaihoko e mōhio ana kei te tumanako ā rātou kiritaki ki te taunakitanga o te mahi.
Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka puta he ture hokohoko mārama: Ki te tukuna ō kākahu oma ki ngā mākete Nordic, me whai tiwhikete EN 13356 ia wāhanga whakaata. Kāore e taea te whiriwhiri.
4. Te Mahi a ngā Whakaata: Ngā Hangarau Piripiri Maero me ngā Hangarau Piripiri Karāhe
E rua ngā hangarau whakaata whakamuri e kaha ana ki te mākete whakaata haumaru mō te hunga hikoi:
Te Whakatakotoranga Pīri Karāhe
Ko ngā porowhita karāhe iti (ko te whānui he 40-90 maikorona te whānui) kua whakauruhia ki roto i tētahi paparanga pūmua me te paninga whakaata whakarewa. Ka uru te mārama e tomo mai ana ki ia pītiti, ka huri ki te pūwāhi arotahi, ka whakaata mai i te paninga o muri, ka hoki mai i te ara taunga. He iti te utu o ngā pepa pītiti karāhe, he ngāwari, ā, he whānui te wātea. Koinei te hangarau e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ngā rīpene whakaata tuitui me te rino mō ngā kākahu.
Kua roa te hangarau piripiri karāhe e mahi ana ki te umanga haumaru, ā, koia tonu te mea tino pai mō ngā tohu huarahi me ngā kākahu mahi e kitea nuitia ana. Heoi, mō ngā kākahu oma, he iti noa iho ōna herenga. Ka tāpirihia e te paparanga whakaata whakarewa he pakari, ā, he matotoru ake te hanganga piripiri-matihiko mō ia waeine o te mahi whakaata whakamuri. Ina hiahia tētahi waitohu i tētahi whakaata angiangi, ngāwari, kua whakauruhia ki te kākahu e rite ana ki ngā mata tinana piko, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he mata nui ake mō te pepa piripiri karāhe kia rite te kanapa ki tētahi atu momo moroiti.
Te Whāriki Matotoru
Ko ngā porowhita kokonga-poraka i hangaia kia tika te hanga, he mea hanga ki roto i te kiriata polycarbonate, ki te kiriaku rānei, ka eke ki te pai o te whakaata whakamuri mō ia wāhanga horahanga. Ka tukuna e ngā whakaata moroiti ngā uara RA e 2-4 ngā wā teitei ake i ngā rite o ngā porowhita karāhe i ngā matotoru rite. Ka mau tonu hoki te mahi i ngā koki tomokanga whānui, he mea nui tēnei ina huri te tinana o te kaiwhai i roto i ngā papa maha i te wā e hikoi ana.
Mō ngā taputapu oma Nordic, he painga nui te whāriki microprismatic: ko te kanapa teitei ake i te ine angiangi ka taea te whakauru i ngā whakaata ki roto i ngā kākahu me te kore e tāpiri i te matotoru, te pakari rānei. Ko ngā āhua tapahi ritenga mai i te kiriata microprismatic ka mau tonu te ngāwari me te hangai ki ngā mata piko pēnei i ngā ringaringa, ngā pakihiwi, me ngā takai waewae.
He aha te Hiranga o te Kōwhiringa Hangarau mō te Tiwhikete
Kāore ngā whāriki moroiti katoa e tutuki aunoa i te EN 13356. Ka whakamātauhia e te paerewa te huihuinga whakaata kua oti -- tae atu ki te tautoko piri, te hiri taha, me tetahi paparanga tiaki -- ehara i te whāriki mata anake. Me tohe tonu ngā waitohu ki ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mō te hua katoa, kaua ki ngā pepa raraunga rauemi anake.
5. Ngā Whakaata Āhua-Ritenga: Te Herekoretanga Hoahoa i roto i ngā Rohe Whakatutukitanga
Ka rerekē ngā waitohu kākahu oma mā te āhua, te tae, me te tuakiri whakairoiro. Ko te rīpene whakaata tapawhā whānui i tuia ki te papa o muri o te koti e whakaatu ana i te haumaru engari ehara i te waitohu. Ka whakatauhia tēnei raruraru e ngā whakaata āhua ritenga mā te whakakotahi i te whakaaturanga waitohu me te mahi whaimana.
Ka taea e ngā tukanga tapahi hou te whakaputa i tētahi āhua rua-ahu mai i ngā pepa whaimana EN 13356:
- Ngā Tohu Waitohu: He tohu o te waitohu i hangaia ki te rauemi whakaata whakamuri, i pania ki te uma, ki te tuara, ki te ringaringa rānei.
- Ngā whakapaipai āhuahanga: He tohu koki, he whakaahua maunga, he āhua āhua hangahanga rānei e hangai ana ki te reo hoahoa o tētahi waitohu.
- Ngā whakatakotoranga mahi: He paipa whakaata e whai ana i ngā rārangi tuitui, i te rīpene reti, i ngā rohe rānei o te panera hau.
- Ngā āhua o ngā kaiwhai: Ngā āhua tangata e mahi ana hei tohu waitohu, hei tohu hoki e kitea nuitia ana.
- Ngā tohu haki me ngā tohu: He tauira ripeka Nordic, he haki ā-motu, he tohu hākinakina motuhake rānei (he pou hīkoi, he tohu ara) e pārekareka ana ki ngā kaihoko Scandinavian.
- Ngā mahi toi o te wā, o te putanga iti rānei: He āhua whakaata kohikohi e hono ana ki ngā huihuinga motuhake pērā i te Rā Oma o te Tāone o Helsinki, te Stockholm Marathon, te Oma Hotoke o Oslo rānei.
Kei tua atu i ngā papa whakaata motuhake te pūmanawa auaha. Kei te whakauru haere ngā waitohu i ngā huānga whakaata ki roto i te hoahoa kākahu whānui -- mā te whakanoho i ngā whakaata āhua ritenga ki ngā wāhi rautaki koiora-mīhini e hopu pai ai i ngā hihi rama i te huringa hikoi oma. Ko te kūaha o waho, te ioka tuara o runga, me ngā papa pakihiwi ngā rohe e toru e kitea nuitia ana i runga i te kaihaere e neke ana, i te mea ko ēnei rohe e anga atu ana ki te waka e whakatata mai ana mō te wā roa rawa atu i ia hikoinga. Mā te pūnaha whakaata pai kua hoahoatia ka whakanohohia ngā whakaata nui ake ki ēnei rohe me ngā whakaata iti ake ki ngā ringaringa me ngā taha taha hei hanga i tētahi āhua tangata e mōhiotia ana mai i ngā koki katoa e whakatata mai ana.
He māmā noa te rohe tutuki: me tutuki te horahanga mata whakaata-muri katoa i te horahanga iti rawa e tautuhia ana e te EN 13356, ā, me tutuki motuhake e te rauemi pepa ngā uara RA e hiahiatia ana. Ko te tohu tapahi-mati me te 40 cm² o te mata moroiti kua whakamanahia he rite tonu te mahi ki te tapawhā 40 cm² o te rauemi kotahi -- kāore te āhuahanga e whakaiti i te whakaata-muri mena ka mau tonu ngā porowhita i te tukanga tapahi.
Nō reira, he mea nui te kounga o ngā taha i te wā e tapahia ana te mata. Ko te tapahi i te laser me te tapahi i te mata maitai ka puta he taha ma, kāore e wehewehe, e whakakino rānei i te hanganga porowhita. Te raina whakaputa a NBjge E whakamahi ana i ngā mate rino-ture tino tika kua whakatikatikaina mō ngā kiriata moroiti, kia mau tonu ai te mahi whaimana o ngā āhua ritenga mai i te tuhinga tuatahi ki te tukunga whakamutunga.
6. Rārangi Arowhai Whakatakotoranga OEM mō ngā Waitohu Taputapu Oma
I te wā e rapu ana i ngā whakaata e tutuki ana i te EN 13356 mō tētahi kohinga oma hotoke Nordic, me tautuhi ngā tīma whakawhanake hua i ngā mea e whai ake nei i te wāhanga RFQ:
| Tawhā | Whakatakotoranga i Manakohia | Ngā Tuhipoka |
|---|---|---|
| Paerewa tiwhikete | EN 13356:2001+A1:2007 (putanga whakaōrite o nāianei) | Whakaūtia kei te tohutoro te pūrongo whakamātautau ki te putanga paerewa tika |
| RA iti rawa (mā/hiriwa, 0.2°/5°) | ≥ 330 cd/lux·m² | Mā te neke atu i te iti rawa ka whakaratohia he āputa haumaru mō te mahi ngoikore-mau |
| Awhe pāmahana | -30°C ki te +60°C te mahi | Ka toro atu ki tua atu i ngā whakaritenga paerewa mō ngā āhuatanga tino kino o Nordic |
| Ngā kōwhiringa tae | Mā, kōwhai kanapa, karaka kanapa | Ka tāpirihia e ngā tae kanapa te tirohanga i te awatea engari ka manatokohia te tae e ai ki te EN 13356 Ripanga 1 |
| Piripiri tautoko | He hiri wera, he piripiri tairongo-pēhanga rānei, he mea hanga ki te kākahu, kua eke ki te -30°C te taumata | Me whakaoti ngā whakamātautau pakari EN 13356 i muri i te whakamahinga ki te papanga |
| Te iti rawa o te horahanga whakaata mō ia waeine | ≥ 15 henimita² | He maha ngā waitohu Nordic e whai ana kia 20-50 cm² te rahi mō ia whakatakotoranga whakaata hei whakapai ake i te tirohanga. |
| Te uaua o te āhua | Tapahia kia rite ki te mahi toi waitohu | Whakaratohia he toi vector (.ai, .eps rānei); he iti rawa te whānui o ngā āhuatanga o roto he 2mm |
| Te roa o te horoi | ≥ 25 huringa horoi whare i te 40°C me te kore he >15% te pakaru o te RA | He mea nui mō ngā whakaata kua whakauruhia ki roto i ngā kākahu; tonoa motuhaketia ngā raraunga whakamātautau horoi |
Mā te tāpiri i tēnei rārangi arowhai ki tō RFQ tuatahi ka tohu ki te kaiwhakarato e mārama ana koe ki te paerewa, ā, e tumanako ana koe kia tutukihia ngā whakaritenga -- ehara i te mea he kereme hokohoko noa iho.
7. Te Take Pakihi: He aha ngā Whakaata Whaimana ehara i te Pokapū Utu
I ētahi wā, ka whakaarohia e ngā kaiwhakahaere pūtake ngā whakaata hei taputapu tāpiri -- he iti noa ngā whakapaipai hei whakaiti i te moni whiwhi. He whakamuri tēnei anga mō ngā mākete Nordic.
Te kaitiaki tatau a te kaihokohoko: E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, ka whakatinanahia e ngā kaihokohoko Nordic te hanganga ture EN 13356 hei whakaritenga mō te rārangi. Kāore ngā hua kāore i te hanganga ture e tae atu ki te whata. Ko te utu mō te pūrongo whakamātautau tiwhikete - he rau euros te nuinga mā te taiwhanga whaimana - he iti noa iho i te moni whiwhi i ngaro i te tuku i whakakahoretia.
Te whakawhirinakitanga o te waitohu: Ko ngā kaihoko o te ao o Nordic kei roto i ngā kaitākaro o waho e tino aro nui ana ki te haumaru. Ko te tohu EN 13356 i runga i te koti oma he tohu whakawhirinaki e rite ana ki te tohu CE i runga i ngā hikohiko. E whakaatu ana tēnei kua haumi te waitohu ki te haumaru ka taea te whakamana, kaua ki ngā mea whakapaipai.
Te hiahia o te kaihoko ki te utu: E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau maha o te mākete Nordic kei roto i ngā paearu hoko matua e toru mō ngā kākahu o waho o te takurua te tirohanga a ngā kaiwhai, me te whakamahana me te whakahaere makuku. Kāore ngā whakaata e kiia he tāpiri utu engari he āhuatanga mahi matua. Ko ngā waitohu e whakapuaki ana i te tutukitanga o te EN 13356 i roto i tā rātou kōrero hua me ngā whakaahuatanga whakairinga e whakaatu tonu ana i ngā reiti tahuritanga teitei ake i te matapihi hokohoko o Oketopa ki Maehe ki te whakataurite ki ngā kaiwhakataetae e whakaaro ana ki ngā wāhanga whakaata he whakapaipai iti noa iho.
Te whakaiti i te kawenga: Mēnā ka puta he aituā rori e pā ana ki tētahi kaiwhai e mau ana i ngā kākahu o te waitohu, ko te aroaro, te ngaro rānei o ngā whakaata whaimana ka noho hei take nui i roto i te tātaritanga herenga hua. Mā ngā whakaata whaimana ka whakaratohia he taunakitanga kua tuhia e te waitohu kua tutuki i te paerewa haumaru e tika ana.
He iti noa te utu mō ia waeine: Ngā whakaata EN 13356 tapa-mate ritenga mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato pēnei i NBjge ko te tikanga he iti iho i te EUR 0.15-0.40 te tāpiri mō ia waeine i ngā MOQ o te 1,000+. Mō te koti oma e hokohoko ana mō te EUR 120-200, ko te utu whakaata he hapa whakaawhiwhi e whakarato ana i te haumaru nui me te uara arumoni.
8. Tukanga Rapu Rauemi: Mai i te Mahi Toi ki te Whakaputa Whaimana
Ko te tukanga OEM noa mō ngā whakaata EN 13356 ritenga e whai ake nei i tēnei raupapa:
- Whakamārama hoahoa: Ka tukuna e te waitohu ngā mahi toi vector o te āhua e hiahiatia ana, me te tohu i ngā ine, te tae, me te tūnga o te kākahu.
- Kōwhiringa rauemi: E taunaki ana te kaihanga whakaata i te taumata o te whāriki moroiti i runga i te whakamahinga (tuitui, whakawhiti wera, papaki piri) me ngā whakaritenga taiao.
- Te tapahi tauira me te tauira tauira: Ka hangaia ngā mati rūri rino, ka hangaia hoki ngā tauira whakaata. Ka arotakehia e te waitohu te taunga, te āhua o te ringaringa, me te kounga tirohanga i runga i ngā tauira kākahu.
- Whakamātautau EN 13356: Ka tukuna ngā tauira kua oti ki tētahi taiwhanga whai mana mō te whakaata whakamuri, te ine tae, me te whakamātautau pakari. Ko te wā mahi he 2-4 wiki te roa.
- Whakaaetanga whakaputa: Kia oti ngā hua o te whakamātautau, ka whakaaetia e te waitohu te whakaritenga. Ka tīmata te kaihanga whakaata i te whakaputanga nui me ngā tirotiro ā-wāhi RA.
- Ngā tuhinga tuku me te QC: Ka tukuna ia puranga whakaputa me te tiwhikete hanganga e tohu ana i te pūrongo whakamātautau EN 13356, me ngā tuhinga tirotiro ā-ahua me te tirohanga.
I roto i tēnei tukanga, he mea nui te whakahaere i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te waitohu me te kaiwhakarato whakaata. Mā ngā rerekētanga iti o te hanganga piri, te koi o te mate, te puranga pepa rānei ka pā ki ngā uara whakaata whakamuri whakamutunga. Mā ngā hononga OEM pono rawa atu ka whakatū he tuhinga whakatakotoranga hua e maukati ana i ngā taurangi katoa -- mai i te kaihanga pepa me te tohu ki te momo piri, te manawanui tapahi mate, me te tikanga tākai -- ā, e tohutoro ana ki te pūrongo whakamātautau EN 13356 taketake hei turanga whakaae.
He mea nui hoki kia mōhiotia ko te tiwhikete EN 13356 e piri ana ki te whirihoranga o te hua kua oti. Mena ka whakarerekētia e te waitohu ngā rahi, te tae, te piripiri tautoko, te papa rānei i whakamahia i muri i te whakamātautau tuatahi, me whakamātautau anō pea te hua. Me whakaaro ngā tīma hua ki te whakatakotoranga whakaata hei tuhinga whakahaere, ā, ko ngā panonitanga katoa ka whakaoho i tētahi arotake ki te whānuitanga tiwhikete o nāianei.
E tautoko ana a NBjge i tēnei tukanga mahi katoa mai i tana whare hanga o Ningbo, kua neke atu i te tekau tau te roa o tana tuku hua whakaata-muri ki ngā waitohu taputapu haumaru o Ūropi. Kei te pupuri te kamupene i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau EN 13356 mō tana kohinga pepa paerewa, ā, e whakarite ana i ngā tuku whakamātautau hou mō ngā āhua ritenga hei wāhanga o te tukanga whakauru OEM.
Me tīmata e ngā waitohu e tīmata ana i te kohinga oma hotoke Nordic te hoko i te whakaata i te iti rawa 12 wiki i mua i te rā tuku ūnga kia taea ai te hanga i te mate, te tauira, te whakamātautau, me te wā ārahi whakaputa.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te paerewa EN 13356 mō ngā whakaata haumaru mō te hunga hikoi?
Ko te EN 13356 he paerewa whakakotahi a Ūropi e tohu ana i ngā whakaritenga mahi mō ngā whakaata haumaru whaiaro kāore i te hikoi hei mau mā ngā kaihaerere. E tautuhi ana i ngā taumata whakaata whakamuri iti rawa, ngā paearu pakari, me ngā whakaritenga tae kia taea ai e ngā taraiwa te kite i tētahi tangata e mau ana i te whakaata i te tawhiti haumaru. Ko te putanga e tohuhia ana i nāianei ko EN 13356:2001+A1:2007.
He mea ture te tiwhikete EN 13356 i ngā whenua Nordic?
I Pinirana, he mea ture te mau i te whakaata mō ngā kaihaerere e hikoi ana i ngā rori kāore he rama tiriti i waenganui i te tōnga o te rā me te putanga mai o te rā. Kāore a Huitene, Nōwei, me Tenemāka e whakahau ana i ngā whakaata mō ngā pakeke e ai ki te ture, engari ko ngā tumanakohanga mākete me ngā whakaritenga a ngā kaihokohoko e tino tautoko ana i ngā hua kua whakamanahia e EN 13356. Ko ngā kaihokohoko nui o Nordic e kore e hokohoko i ngā whakaata whaiaro kāore i whakamanahia.
He aha ngā uara whakaata whakamuri e hiahiatia ana e te EN 13356?
E hiahiatia ana e te EN 13356 he tauwehenga iti rawa o te whakaata whakamuri (RA, inehia i roto i te cd/lux·m²) i ngā koki tirotiro me te koki tomokanga kua tohua. Mō ngā rauemi mā, hiriwa rānei, ko te paerewa e hiahia ana i ngā uara RA neke atu i te 300 cd/lux·m² i te koki tirotiro 0.2° me te koki tomokanga 5°. He iti ake ngā paepae o ngā rauemi tae engari kua tautuhia tonu. Ka aromatawaihia hoki e te kawa whakamātautau katoa te tae me te pakari i raro i te pakū, te pāmahana, me te ahotea makuku.
Ka taea te whakarite i ngā whakaata kia rite ki te waitohu, me te pupuri tonu i ngā whakaritenga EN 13356?
Āe. Mena ka tutuki te horahanga o te mata whakaata i ngā whakaritenga iti rawa, ā, ka tutuki hoki i te rauemi whakaata whakamuri ngā uara RA kua tohua, ka taea e ngā āhua tapahi ritenga -- ngā waitohu, ngā āhua āhua, ngā āhua āhua-whakaahua -- te whai tiwhikete EN 13356. Ko ngā whakaaro matua ko te nui o te horahanga whakaata, ngā taha tapahi ma e kore e kino te hanganga porowhita, me te whakamahi i te whāriki kua whakamatautauria kia rite ki te paerewa i roto i te whirihoranga hua whakamutunga.
He aha te pānga o ngā āhuatanga o te takurua o Nordic ki te mahi a te whakaata?
Ka taea e ngā pāmahana i raro i te kore, te makuku, te hukarere, me te pānga o te hihi UV te whakangaro i ngā rauemi whakaata i roto i te wā. Kei roto i te EN 13356 ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau pakari pēnei i te huringa pāmahana (te nuinga o te wā -20°C ki te +50°C) me te ātete ki te pakaru. Ko ngā waitohu e aro ana ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino o Nordic me tohu i ngā whakaata i hangaia mai i te whāriki moroiti kua whakatauria ki tua atu i te paerewa iti rawa, me te tono raraunga mahi pāmahana iti tāpiri mai i te kaihanga.
He aha te rahinga iti rawa o te ota mō ngā whakaata EN 13356 ritenga?
Ka rerekē ngā rahinga iti rawa o ngā ota i runga i te kaihanga me te uaua o te āhua. I NBjge, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā whakaata ritenga-āhua EN 13356 mai i te 1,000 ngā wahi mō ia hoahoa, i runga i te uaua o te tapahi me ngā kōwhiringa tae. Ka whakaitihia e ngā mahinga whakaputa nui ake ngā utu mō ia waeine, ā, ka taea te uru atu ki te whānuitanga o ngā momo pepa me ngā whakaotinga.