Cage na bazara da tubalan tashar sukurori - Juriyar Girgiza a Aikace-aikacen Jirgin Ƙasa

Idan Sukurori Mai Lalacewa Ya Kashe Mai Aikin Layin Jirgin Ƙasa €340,000 a Matsayin Gyara

Ina ba da shawara ga wani kamfanin layin dogo na yankin Turai ta Tsakiya lokacin da suka fuskanci matsaloli a kan jiragen DMU na yankinsu. Binciken tushen dalilin ya ɗauki makonni uku kuma ya haɗa da cire kayan juyawa guda shida. Binciken ya kasance mai tawali'u kuma an iya hasashensa gaba ɗaya: tubalan tashar sukurori da ke haɗa sandunan bas na DC sun sassauta a hankali a ƙarƙashin girgizar kayan aikin ƙasa. Saboda jirgin yana aiki a kan hanyoyin da ke da matsala sosai a kan hanya, yawan girgizar da ke mamaye ya faɗi daidai a cikin kewayon 20-40 Hz inda ƙarfin matsewar tashar sukurori ya ragu da sauri - kuma sama da watanni 18 na aiki, ƙarfin matsewa akan tashoshi da yawa ya ragu da fiye da 60%..

Matsalar gazawar ta kasance mai kyau: tashar da ba ta da ƙarfi → ƙara juriyar hulɗa → dumama ta gida → guduwar zafi a saman hulɗa → lalacewar plating na azurfa → lalata tsarin juyawa → lalata tsarin juyawa. Jimlar lalacewa: €340,000 a cikin na'urori masu maye gurbin da kuma makonni shida na katsewar sabis. Gyaran rigakafi - maye gurbin duk tubalan tashar sukurori 340 a kowane mai juyawa da daidai da kejin bazara - ya kai €17,000 a kowace naúra. Shugaban kula da ma'aikacin ya gaya mini daga baya cewa ya kamata su sami takamaiman tubalan kejin bazara daga ainihin sayayya, kuma ya yi gaskiya.

Wannan ƙwarewa ba ta musamman ba ce. A duk faɗin masana'antar layin dogo ta duniya, an warware muhawarar da ke tsakanin kejin bazara da tubalan tashar sukurori don aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa da girgiza yadda ya kamata don amfani da kejin bazara don duk sabbin gine-ginen injinan birgima. Hukumomin ƙa'idodin IEC da EN sun lura, kuma sake fasalin EN 50155 na yanzu yana nuna ci gaba da amincewa cewa fasahar kejin bazara ita ce zaɓin da aka saba yi don haɗin lantarki na injinan birgima. Amma fahimtar tushen fasaha na wannan yarjejeniya - da kuma sanin yadda za a tabbatar da cewa tubalan tashar kejin bazara na mai kaya sun cika ƙa'idodi da gaske - yana da mahimmanci ga kowane injiniyan sayayya ko manajan gyara da ke aiki tare da tsarin wutar lantarki na layin dogo.

Fahimtar EN 50155:2021 — Abin da Ma'aunin Yake Bukata

Ma'aunin EN 50155:2021 na Hukumar Jiragen Ƙasa ta Turai ("Aikace-aikacen Jirgin Ƙasa - Kayayyakin Rolling - Kayan Lantarki") shine ƙa'idar da ke kula da duk kayan lantarki da aka sanya a kan motocin jirgin ƙasa a cikin EU da kuma a mafi yawan kasuwannin fitarwa waɗanda ke nuna ƙa'idodin jirgin ƙasa na Turai. Fahimtar wannan ƙa'idar abu ne da ake buƙata kafin a ƙayyade kowane shingen tashar jiragen ƙasa don aikace-aikacen jirgin ƙasa.

Sashe na 9.3: Gwajin Girgiza da Girgiza

EN 50155:2021 Sashe na 9.3 ya bayyana buƙatun gwajin girgiza da duk kayan lantarki - gami da tubalan tashar - dole ne su wuce don samun takardar shaidar shigarwa na kayan birgima. Ma'aunin ya nuna IEC 60068-2-6 ("Gwajin Muhalli - Sashe na 2-6: Gwaje-gwaje - Gwajin Fc: Girgiza (Sinusoidal)") a matsayin hanyar gwaji ta farko, amma yana ƙara buƙatun takamaiman layin dogo waɗanda suka fi buƙata fiye da ƙa'idodin masana'antu na yau da kullun.

An rarraba sigogin gwaji ta wurin shigarwa a kan abin hawa, tare da Rukuni na 1 yana wakiltar yanayi mafi tsauri (kayan aikin da aka ɗora kai tsaye a jikin abin hawa, wanda aka fallasa shi ga cikakken yanayin girgiza daga hulɗar bogie da waƙa) da Rukuni na 3 yana wakiltar yanayi mafi kyau (kayan aikin da aka ɗora akan ƙananan firam ɗin da aka keɓe da girgiza).

Nau'i	Wurin Shigarwa	Mita Tsakanin Mita	Gudun Hijira	Hanzari	Tsawon Lokaci
Rukuni na 1	An saka a jiki (ƙarƙashin ƙasa, dakatarwa)	5–150 Hz	0.5 mm pp	10 m/s² (≈1g)	Zagaye/gefe 10
Rukuni na 2	An saka firam ɗin (shassis, kabad)	5–150 Hz	0.35 mm pp	7 m/s² (≈0.7g)	Zagaye/gefe 10
Rukuni na 3	Girgizawa da aka keɓe	5–150 Hz	0.15 mm pp	3 m/s² (≈0.3g)	Zagaye/gefe 10

Domin EN 50155 yana buƙatar gwaji a cikin gatari uku masu lanƙwasa (tsaye, gefe, da kuma tsayi), cikakken gwajin girgiza na toshewar ƙarshe yana nufin zagaye 30 na sharewa gaba ɗaya. Ana gwada kowane axis daban-daban, kuma toshewar ƙarshe ba dole ba ne ta nuna wata lalacewa ta zahiri, canjin juriyar hulɗa da ta wuce iyaka da aka ƙayyade, ko lalacewar aiki a kowane lokaci yayin ko bayan jerin gwajin.

Bukatun Ma'aunin Juriya ga Hulɗa

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman fannoni na gwajin girgizar EN 50155 - kuma wanda yawancin ƙayyadaddun sayayya ke watsi da shi - shine buƙatar sa ido kan juriyar hulɗa yayin gwajin girgiza da kuma bayansa. A cewar IEC 60068-2-6, dole ne a auna juriyar hulɗa a maki huɗu: kafin gwajin, a tsakiyar gwajin, a ƙarshen gwajin, da kuma mintuna 30 bayan gwajin (don ba da damar daidaita yanayin zafi).

Ma'aunin wucewa don juriyar hulɗa ya dogara ne akan nau'in toshewar tashar da aikace-aikacen, amma a cikin aikace-aikacen layin dogo, yarjejeniya ta masana'antu ita ce ƙaruwar juriyar hulɗa bayan girgiza fiye da kashi 20% daga farkon gwajin ya haifar da gazawa. Saboda tashoshin keji na bazara suna riƙe matsin lamba ta hanyar ƙarfin bazara maimakon gogayya tsakanin sukurori da mai jagora, suna da juriya ga tsatsa mai ƙarfi wanda ke haifar da lalacewar juriyar lamba a cikin tashoshin sukurori a ƙarƙashin girgiza..

Ƙarin Bukatun Muhalli a cikin EN 50155

Bayan girgiza, EN 50155:2021 yana buƙatar tubalan ƙarshe su wuce cikakken jerin gwaje-gwajen muhalli waɗanda ke hulɗa da buƙatun girgiza ta hanyoyi masu mahimmanci. Gwajin zafi (IEC 60068-2-78, 93% RH a 40°C na tsawon kwanaki 4) yana da mahimmanci musamman saboda shigar da danshi na iya hanzarta lalata mai ƙarfi a cikin tashoshin sukurori. Gwaje-gwajen zagayowar zafi (yawanci -25°C zuwa +70°C, zagayowar 5) na iya bayyana bambance-bambancen matsalolin faɗaɗawa a cikin gidan ƙarshe da tsarin hulɗa.

Ga tubalan tashar da aka yi niyya don kayan aiki na waje a kan motocin jirgin ƙasa (garkuwa, na'urorin sarrafa ƙofa, na'urorin firikwensin birki), gwajin hazo na gishiri (IEC 60068-2-52, matakin tsanani na 2) shi ma wajibi ne kuma yana iya fallasa matsalolin tsatsa a cikin tsarin bazara wanda ba za a iya gani a cikin gwajin girgizar dakin gwaje-gwaje kawai ba.

Ilimin Injiniyan Da Ya Sa Tashoshin Sukurori Ke Fasawa A Lokacin Girgizawa

Domin fahimtar dalilin da yasa tubalan tashar kejin bazara suka zama zaɓin da aka saba amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen layin dogo, muna buƙatar bincika babban bambancin injiniya tsakanin fasahar haɗin gwiwa guda biyu. Yanayin gazawar tashoshin sukurori a ƙarƙashin girgiza ba shi da zurfi - tsari ne na zahiri wanda za a iya faɗi, wanda za a iya sake samarwa wanda aka yi shi da kyau a cikin wallafe-wallafen kuma an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gogewa a fagen.

Tsarin Tsatsa Mai Tsanani

Idan aka matse tashar sukurori, yana haifar da ƙarfin matsewa tsakanin kan sukurori (ko farantin matsi) da kuma mai jagoranta. Wannan ƙarfin yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar gogayya a wuraren hulɗa. A ƙarƙashin girgiza, ƙananan motsi na micrometers 1-10 suna faruwa a waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin, koda lokacin da ƙarfin macroscopic ya bayyana ba tare da canzawa ba. Saboda saman hulɗar yana ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa, waɗannan ƙananan motsi suna haifar da damuwa - tsarin lalacewa wanda ke cire abu daga saman biyu kuma yana samar da barbashi masu rufewa a mahaɗin.

Yayin da damuwa ke ci gaba, ainihin wurin hulɗa yana raguwa, wanda ke ƙara yawan wutar lantarki a wuraren hulɗa da suka rage. Wannan dumama na gida yana hanzarta tsarin oxidation, yana ƙirƙirar madaidaicin amsawa mai kyau wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar juriyar hulɗa. A cikin cibiyar masana'antu mai kyau tare da lokutan dubawa akai-akai, ma'aikacin fasaha zai gano ƙaruwar juriyar hulɗa yayin binciken hotuna na zafi na lokaci-lokaci kuma ya sake kunna tashoshin kafin mummunan lalacewa. A cikin aikace-aikacen jirgin ƙasa tare da dubban tashoshi a cikin rundunar, wannan nau'in sa ido na mutum ɗaya kusan ba zai yiwu ba.

Madadin Kekunan Spring

Tubalan tashar kejin bazara suna maye gurbin tsarin mannewa da sukurori da abin da ke ɗauke da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Lokacin da aka saka mai jagora a cikin tashar kejin bazara, ƙarfin bazara yana riƙe da ƙarfi na yau da kullun akan mai jagora, yana ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa mai hana iskar gas. Babban bambanci daga tashoshin sukurori shine cewa tsarin bazara yana ci gaba da daidaitawa zuwa zagayowar zafi da ƙananan motsi ta hanyar yin ƙarfin maidowa wanda ya yi daidai da wurin ƙaura - ba ƙarfin gogayya mai ƙarfi ba.

Idan aka yi girgiza a tashar kejin bazara, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tana shan motsin da ke tsakanin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, tana kiyaye matsin lamba mai daidaito a duk lokacin girgizar. An zaɓi kayan bazara (yawanci ƙarfe mai tauri ko ƙarfe mai nickel-titanium don aikace-aikacen zafi mai yawa) don juriya ga gajiya, kuma an tsara yanayin bazara don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin hulɗar ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lokaci don aƙalla zagayowar girgiza 100,000 - fiye da abin da kowane jerin gwajin EN 50155 ke buƙata.

"Babban fa'idar fasahar kejin bazara a aikace-aikacen layin dogo ba shine ma'aunin aiki guda ɗaya ba - shine kawar da yanayin gazawa. Lokacin da tashar sukurori ta gaza, tana gazawa a hankali kuma ba tare da an yi hasashen ta ba. Lokacin da tashar kejin bazara ta gaza, yawanci tana gazawa nan take kuma ana iya gano ta. Yanayin gazawa mai ci gaba a aikace-aikacen layin dogo masu mahimmanci sun fi haɗari fiye da na gaggawa."

Keke Mai Zafi: Abokin Hulɗa Mai Shiru na Lalacewar Girgiza

A aikace-aikacen layin dogo, girgiza ba kasafai take aiki shi kaɗai ba. Yanayin zafi a kan abin hawa na jirgin ƙasa yana da matuƙar ƙarfi: yanayin zafi na yanayi yana daga -40°C a ayyukan hunturu zuwa +70°C a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye akan kayan aikin da aka ɗora a rufin, kuma yanayin zafi a kan wani yanki na kayan aiki ɗaya na iya wuce 30°C. Wannan yana nufin cewa kowane toshe na tashar jirgin ƙasa yana fuskantar hawan zafi a lokaci guda da girgizar injina - yanayin damuwa mai haɗuwa wanda ke hanzarta lalata da gajiyar bazara.

Hulɗar da ke tsakanin zagayowar zafi da girgiza tana da matuƙar tsanani ga tashoshin sukurori. Lokacin da toshewar ƙarshe ta yi zafi daga kwararar wutar lantarki sannan ta yi sanyi a cikin iskar dare, bambancin faɗaɗawar zafi tsakanin jikin ƙarshen tagulla (coefficient na faɗaɗawar zafi: 19 × 10⁻⁶/°C) da sukurorin ƙarfe (11–13 × 10⁻⁶/°C) yana haifar da ƙarin ƙananan motsi a mahaɗin mannewa. Saboda waɗannan tasirin zagayowar zafi suna tarawa kuma ba za a iya jurewa ba, tashar sukurori da ta yi aiki tsawon shekaru 5 a cikin yanayin jirgin ƙasa mai hawan zafi zai rage ƙarfin matsewa sosai idan aka kwatanta da tashar iri ɗaya a lokacin shigarwa - ko an sake kunna ta..

Tashoshin keji na bazara ba su da kariya daga tasirin zagayowar zafi, amma an tsara tsarin bazara don ɗaukar nauyin faɗaɗa zafi ba tare da canja wurin damuwa zuwa mahaɗin hulɗa ba. Yawanci ana keɓance bazarar daga babban jikin ƙarshen ta hanyar amfani da na'urar rufewa ta yumbu ko polymer, wanda ke rage haɗin zafi kuma yana ba da damar bazarar ta ci gaba da riƙe ƙarfin da aka tsara a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na -40°C zuwa +120°C.

Yadda Ake Duba Takaddun Shaidar Layin Jirgin Kasa na Mai Kaya da Filin Tashar Jiragen Kasa

Bayan na duba ɗaruruwan takaddun bayanai na bututun tashar jiragen ƙasa da rahotannin gwaji ga abokan cinikin layin dogo, na ƙirƙiri wata hanya mai tsari ta tantance masu kaya wanda nake ba da shawara ga kowane injiniyan sayayya. Kuskuren da na gani shine karɓar sanarwar da mai kaya ya yi game da bin ƙa'idodi a matsayin shaidar bin ƙa'idodi. A cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki na layin dogo na gaske, tabbatar da ɓangare na uku ba zaɓi bane.

Mataki na 1: Tabbatar da Tabbacin Gwaji na Dakin Gwaji

Dole ne a bayar da rahoton gwajin ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da shi bisa ga ISO/IEC 17025 don takamaiman ma'aunin gwajin da aka ambata. Manyan dakunan gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da su don gwajin layin dogo sun haɗa da SGS (Geneva), Bureau Veritas (Paris), TÜV Rheinland (Cologne), da Ricardo Rail (UK). Rahoton gwajin da mai samar da kayayyaki ya bayar a cikin gida ba shaida ce da za a iya amincewa da ita ba ta bin ƙa'idodin EN 50155 - yana iya nuna cewa mai samar da kayayyaki ya gwada samfurin, amma ba zai iya nuna cewa an gudanar da gwajin bisa ga ƙa'idar da ake buƙata ko kuma an fassara shi daidai ba.

Mataki na 2: Duba Shaidar Samfurin Gwaji

Rahoton gwajin dole ne ya haɗa da bayyanannen ganewar samfurin gwajin - ainihin lambar sashi, lambar rukuni, da lambar ranar ƙera na toshewar tashar da aka gwada. Rahoton gwaji wanda ke nuna "samfuran wakilci" ba tare da takamaiman shaida ba bai isa ba. Samfurin dole ne ya kasance daga tsarin ƙera iri ɗaya da kayan da ake siya. Idan mai samarwa ba zai iya bayar da rahoton gwaji don ainihin lambar ɓangaren da aka ambata ba, wannan alama ce mai jan hankali da ke buƙatar ƙarin bincike.

Mataki na 3: Tabbatar da Sigogin Gwaji da aka Yi Amfani da su

Yi bitar teburin sigogin gwajin rahoton gwaji a hankali. Don bin ƙa'idodin EN 50155, dole ne a ƙayyade sigogi masu zuwa: kewayon mita (yawanci 5–150 Hz ga Rukuni na 1), girman motsi (0.5 mm pp ga Rukuni na 1), girman hanzari (10 m/s² ga Rukuni na 1), adadin gatari da aka gwada (uku: a tsaye, a gefe, a tsayi), adadin zagayowar sharewa a kowane axis (10), da kuma sharuɗɗan karɓuwa don canjin juriyar hulɗa (yawanci ƙasa da kashi 20% daga tushe).

Wani sabani da na samu a rahotannin gwajin masu samar da kayayyaki shine cewa an yi gwajin a sigogin Rukuni na 2 lokacin da takardar bayanai ta yi ikirarin bin ƙa'idodin Rukuni na 1. Wannan babban kuskuren fahimta ne. Idan aikace-aikacenku yana buƙatar aikin Rukuni na 1, dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa an yi gwajin a sigogin Rukuni na 1 - ba wai kawai cewa mai samar da kayayyaki yana da rahoton gwaji mai taken "EN 50155" ba.

Mataki na 4: Tabbatar da Bayanan Juriyar Hulɗa

Tambayi ainihin ma'aunin juriyar hulɗa daga gwajin girgiza - ba kawai sanarwa cewa tashar ta ci jarrabawar ba. Rahoton ya kamata ya haɗa da ma'aunin kafin gwaji, tsakiyar gwaji, gwajin ƙarshe, da kuma bayan daidaitawa ga kowane axis da aka gwada. Nemi yanayin: idan juriyar hulɗa tana ƙaruwa a hankali ta hanyar zagayowar gwaji akan kowane axis, wannan yana nuna wata matsala mai tayar da hankali wacce za ta iya bayyana a matsayin gazawar filin cikin shekaru 2-3 na aiki.

Ga tubalan tashar kejin bazara, bambancin juriyar hulɗa ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da haka - yawanci ƙasa da canjin 0.5 mΩ daga tushe zuwa bayan daidaitawa, kuma babu ƙaruwa mai ci gaba yayin gwajin. A J-Guang, jerin tubalan tashar waya ta PCT-211 DIN namu yana nuna daidaiton juriyar hulɗa a cikin 0.2 mΩ a cikin dukkan gatari uku na gwaji na EN 50155, wanda shine ma'aunin da nake amfani da shi lokacin kimanta kowane tubalan tashar don aikace-aikacen layin dogo.

Mataki na 5: Tabbatar da Ƙarfin Tsarin Masana'antu

Don siyan girma (fiye da tubalan tashoshi 10,000 a kowane oda), ina ba da shawarar neman rahoton Ƙarfin Tsarin Masana'antu a matsayin wani ɓangare na cancantar mai kaya. Ƙarfin bazara na tubalan tashoshi na keji na bazara wani muhimmin sifa ne mai inganci wanda dole ne a sarrafa shi cikin juriya mai tsauri. Tambayi mai kaya don bayanan auna ƙarfin bazara daga layin samarwa - matsakaicin ƙarfin bazara ya kamata ya kasance cikin ±15% na ƙimar da aka ƙayyade, tare da Cpk (ma'aunin ƙarfin aiki) na akalla 1.33 don aikace-aikacen aminci masu mahimmanci.

Sharuɗɗan Zaɓi na Musamman na Aikace-aikacen Layin Dogo Bayan Girgizawa

Juriyar girgiza ita ce babban bambanci tsakanin kejin bazara da tubalan tashar sukurori, amma aikace-aikacen layin dogo suna gabatar da ƙarin sharuɗɗan zaɓi da yawa waɗanda zasu iya tasiri ga mafi kyawun zaɓi don takamaiman shigarwa.

Kariyar Gobara da Gubar Hayaki

EN 45545-2 ("Aikace-aikacen Jirgin Ƙasa - Kariyar Gobara akan Motocin Jirgin Ƙasa - Kashi na 2: Bukatu don da Halayyar Kayan Aiki") ya rarraba kayan lantarki bisa ga aikinsu na wuta. Bulogin tashoshi da ake amfani da su a wuraren da fasinjoji ke shiga (kabad na ciki, teburin direba) dole ne su cika buƙatun kariya daga gobara mafi buƙata - yawanci HL2 ko HL3 ya danganta da nau'in abin hawa da hanyar aiki.

Yawancin tubalan tashar jiragen ruwa na bazara suna amfani da kayan gidaje na polyamide (PA) ko polycarbonate (PC), waɗanda ke cimma nasarar hana harshen wuta na UL94 V-0. Duk da haka, ba duk waɗannan kayan ba ne suka cika buƙatun gubar hayaki na EN 45545-2, wanda ke buƙatar gwaji bisa ga ISO 5659-2 (yawan hayaki) da EN ISO 5659-3 (haɗarin iskar gas mai guba). Don aikace-aikacen layin dogo na ciki, ƙayyade tubalan tashar tare da kayan gidaje waɗanda aka tabbatar da su bisa ga EN 45545-2 HL2 ko sama da haka, kuma tabbatar da takardar shaidar tare da ainihin rahoton gwaji maimakon da'awar takardar bayanai.

Matsayin Wutar Lantarki da Nisa Mai Zurfi

Tsarin lantarki na layin dogo yana aiki a nau'ikan ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban, daga da'irori 24 na sarrafawa na VDC zuwa sandunan wutar lantarki na VDC 3,000. Tubalan tashoshi na waɗannan matakan ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban dole ne su sami isasshen nisan rarrafe (mafi guntu tsakanin sassa biyu masu sarrafawa a saman kayan rufewa) don hana gazawar bin diddigi. A cewar IEC 60664-1, mafi ƙarancin nisan rarrafe don da'irar VDC 24 a cikin muhallin Gurɓataccen Mataki na 2 shine 0.8 mm, yayin da ga da'irar VDC 3,000, mafi ƙarancin nisan rarrafe shine 18 mm.

Yawancin tubalan tashar keji na bazara waɗanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen sarrafa kansa na masana'antu an ƙididdige su don ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa 800 V, wanda ya isa ga yawancin tsarin wutar lantarki na taimako na jan hankali amma bai isa ba don haɗin bututun jan hankali kai tsaye. Saboda nisan da ke rarrafe yana aiki ne da ƙarfin lantarki da kuma matakin gurɓatawa, dole ne ka ƙayyade yanayin muhalli da ake tsammani (na cikin gida, na waje, kamuwa da ƙurar da ke haifar da danshi) ban da ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin lokacin zaɓar tubalan tashar..

Daidaita Girman Waya da Hanyar Karewa

Motocin layin dogo suna amfani da nau'ikan girman waya iri-iri, daga firikwensin 0.5 mm² zuwa kebul na wutar lantarki mai girman 240 mm². Dandalin toshewa wanda ke rufe cikakken girman waya a cikin aikace-aikacenku yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa kaya kuma yana rage haɗarin kurakuran wayoyi yayin shigarwa da kulawa. J-Guang's PCT-211 DIN dogo mai turawa a cikin toshewar tashar Yana karɓar girman waya daga 0.5 mm² zuwa 16 mm² a cikin girman gida ɗaya, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 85% na girman waya da ake amfani da shi a cikin kabad ɗin lantarki na jirgin ƙasa na yau da kullun.

Jerin Abubuwan da Za a Yi Amfani da Su: Abin da Ya Kamata Kowane Mai Siyan Layin Jirgin Ƙasa Ya Bukata

Kafin a bayar da odar siyan tubalan tashar jiragen ƙasa don aikace-aikacen layin dogo, ya kamata a tabbatar da kuma rubuta abubuwan da ke ƙasa. Wannan jerin abubuwan ya shafi nau'ikan kejin bazara da kuma tashoshin skir, kodayake tsammanin aiki ya bambanta sosai tsakanin fasahar biyu.

1. Rahoton gwaji na EN 50155 na ɓangare na uku: An bayar da shi ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwajen ISO/IEC 17025 wanda aka amince da shi, wanda ya ƙunshi takamaiman lambar sassan da gyare-gyaren da ake samu, tare da cikakken bayanan juriyar hulɗa don dukkan gatari uku na gwaji.
2. TS EN 45545-2 Takaddun shaida na wuta: Don aikace-aikacen cikin gida, kayan gidan dole ne su sami takardar shaidar HL2 ko HL3 ta hukuma daga dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da su. Tabbatar da lambar takardar shaidar daidai da ainihin lambar kayan - takaddun shaida na kayan gabaɗaya ba za a karɓa don takardar shaidar samfurin ƙarshe ba.
3. Matsayin ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu: Dole ne ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima ya yi daidai ko ya wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin tare da iyaka ta aminci ta 20%. Dole ne ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima ya yi daidai ko ya wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai ci gaba a cikin aikace-aikacen, yana lissafin duk wani canjin da ake buƙata a yanayin zafi mai yawa.
4. Daidaita girman waya: Tabbatar cewa toshewar tashar ta karɓi cikakken girman waya da aka ƙayyade a cikin ƙirar kayan haɗin ku, gami da masu sarrafa fine-strand (Class 5 da Class 6) waɗanda ke buƙatar takamaiman hanyoyin ƙarewa don tabbatar da haɗin da ke hana iskar gas shiga.
5. Bayanan samar da ƙarfin bazara: Don toshewar bututun ruwa na bazara, nemi bayanai na Cpk daga bayanan sarrafa tsarin samarwa na mai samar da kayayyaki. Cpk na
6. Bayanan juriyar zafi: Dole ne a kimanta tubalin tashar don matsakaicin zafin yanayi a cikin yanayin aikace-aikacen, tare da hauhawar zafin jiki daga kwararar wutar lantarki. Don kayan aikin ƙasa waɗanda ke da yanayin zafi har zuwa 70°C, ƙayyade tubalan tashar da aka kimanta aƙalla 100°C.
7. Daidaitawar kayan haɗi: Tabbatar cewa kayan haɗin da ake buƙata - sandunan jumper, sandunan alama, maƙallan ƙarshe, soket na gwaji - suna samuwa daga mai samar da kayayyaki iri ɗaya kuma an ba su takardar shedar dacewa da dandamalin toshe na ƙarshe da aka ƙayyade. Haɗa kayan haɗin daga masana'antun daban-daban na iya ɓata takardar shedar.

Dalilin da yasa Spring Cage ya kamata ya zama zaɓinku na asali don Tubalan Tashar Jirgin Kasa

Bayan shekaru goma sha biyar na ƙayyade tubalan tashar jiragen ƙasa don aikace-aikacen layin dogo - da kuma sake duba gazawar filin da dama a tsakanin masu aiki da nau'ikan motoci da yawa - shawarata ba ta da tabbas: tubalan tashar kejin bazara ya kamata su zama zaɓin tsoho ga duk sabbin shigarwar wutar lantarki na layin dogo, tare da la'akari da tashoshin sukurori kawai a lokuta na musamman inda takamaiman ƙuntatawa suka sa kejin bazara bai dace ba.

Hujjar ingancin aikinta tana da ƙarfi da kanta. Lokacin da na ƙididdige jimillar kuɗin mallakar kabad ɗin lantarki na layin dogo na yau da kullun tare da haɗin tashoshi 500 a cikin zagayowar shekaru 15 na abin hawa, bambancin farashin kulawa tsakanin kejin bazara da tashoshin sukurori kaɗai - wanda ya yi daidai da binciken karfin juyi na kwata-kwata, binciken hotunan zafi, da kuma kuɗin aiki na sake kunna wutar lantarki - yawanci ya wuce ƙimar farashin farko na siye. Ƙara farashin haɗarin gazawar mai juyawa wanda tashar ta lalace ta haifar, kuma shari'ar kejin bazara ta zama mai wahala.

Amma bayan lamarin kuɗi, akwai wani lamari na tsaro da na ga ya fi burge ni. Motocin jirgin ƙasa suna aiki a cikin yanayi inda lalacewar wutar lantarki na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako - ba kawai ga kayan aiki ba, har ma ga fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin. Yanayin gazawar ci gaba kamar shakatawa na tashar sukurori, wanda ke ba da alamun gargaɗi waɗanda za a iya gano su ta hanyar dubawa akai-akai, ana iya sarrafa shi a cikin jiragen ruwa masu kyau. Amma idan aka rasa tazara tsakanin dubawa, ko kuma lokacin da hanyar dubawa ba ta haɗa da hoton zafi na haɗin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ba, alamun gargaɗin ba sa ɓacewa har sai gazawar ta faru. Saboda tashoshin kejin bazara suna gazawa ta hanyar da za a iya gani kuma nan take a ƙarƙashin yanayi wanda zai sa tashoshin sukurori su gaza a hankali kuma ba tare da an yi tsammani ba, yanayin gazawar kejin bazara ya fi aminci a aikace-aikacen layin dogo..

An tura jerin tubalan tashar jirgin ƙasa na DIN na PCT-211 na J-Guang a cikin shirye-shiryen motocin jirgin ƙasa sama da 30 a duk duniya, tare da tarin ayyukan filin da suka wuce sa'o'i miliyan 8 na aiki. Bayanan gwajin EN 50155 ɗinmu, waɗanda ake samu ga duk injiniyoyin sayayya idan an buƙata, yana nuna daidaiton juriyar hulɗa a duk ginshiƙan gwaji guda uku a cikin sigogin girgiza na Rukuni na 1. Idan kuna ƙayyade tubalan tashar don sabon aikin jirgin ƙasa ko kuna kimanta haɓakawa zuwa ga jiragen ruwa da ke akwai, ina maraba da damar tattauna takamaiman buƙatunku.