Matsalar Yawan Wayoyi a Fannin Kula da Masana'antu na Zamani

Idan ka taɓa yin amfani da wani lokaci a cikin kabad mai matsakaicin girma na mai sarrafa dabaru (PLC) wanda aka gina sama da shekaru biyar da suka gabata, ka san matsalar yawan wayoyi sosai. Kabad ɗin cike yake—cike yake gaba ɗaya—na wayoyi daban-daban, yawancinsu suna ɗauke da siginar DC iri ɗaya ta 24V daga layin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya. Kowane katin shigarwa yana samun nasa wayar daga layin toshewa. Kowane tashar fitarwa yana da hanyar dawowa wacce ke nuna sarkakiyar shigarwa. Sakamakon shine igiyar wayoyi mai tsada don ƙerawa, mai wahalar gyarawa, kuma kusan ba zai yiwu a gyara ba tare da gabatar da sabbin kurakurai ba.

Ni da kaina na shaida wani kwamitin kula da injin mai ƙarfin amp 400 inda wayoyin farko suka ɗauki ma'aikata biyu kusan awanni takwas kafin su gano matsalar tashar shigarwa guda ɗaya wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama sukurori mai laushi a toshewar tashar. Wannan odyssey na ganewar asali zai ɗauki ƙasa da mintuna 30 a cikin kwamitin rarraba PLC mai kyau ta amfani da tubalan tashar bene mai yawan yawa tare da tsarin haɗin gwiwa.

Wannan ba matsala ce ta zato ba. A cikin yanayin zamani na sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, yawan tashoshin PLC I/O ya ƙaru sosai yayin da tsarin sarrafawa ya zama mafi inganci. S7-1500 PLC daga Siemens zai iya magance har zuwa maki 8192 na I/O daban-daban a kan rakoki da yawa, kuma kowanne daga cikin waɗannan maki yana buƙatar ƙarewar waya a duka na'urar I/O ta PLC da kuma ƙarewar filin. Idan ka ninka hakan a kan ƙaramin shigarwa - misali, maki I/O 256 - ƙalubalen sarrafa wayoyi ya zama da gaske ga mai ginin panel da kuma ma'aikacin gyara.

Ningbo J-Guang Electronics yana tsarawa da kerawa tubalan tashoshi masu yawa musamman don aikace-aikacen rarraba PLC tun daga shekarar 2008, kuma na shafe lokaci mai tsawo ina aiki kai tsaye tare da masu haɗa tsarin sarrafawa da masu gina bangarori a faɗinTurai, Arewacin Amurka, da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya inda aka saba tubalan tashoshi kasawa da kuma yadda tsarin tara fakiti mai yawa ke magance waɗannan gazawar. Wannan labarin shine bayanin abin da na koya game da dalilin da yasa tubalan tashar bene uku tare da ƙirar haɗin giciye ke wakiltar yanayin zamani don wayoyi na rarraba PLC, menene ƙayyadaddun fasaha a zahiri suke da mahimmanci, da kuma yadda ake zaɓar samfurin da ya dace don takamaiman yanayin shigarwa.

Fahimtar Tsarin Tsarin Tattarawa na Bango Uku

Babban iyakancewar tubalan tashar mataki ɗaya ta al'ada a cikin aikace-aikacen rarraba PLC shine rashin ingancin sarari. Matsakaicin matakin mataki ɗaya na yau da kullun DIN41616 koIEC 60947-7-1 Toshewar tashar da ta dace tana ɗauke da faɗin module ɗaya (yawanci 6.2 mm ko 12 mm ya danganta da ƙimar da ake da ita a yanzu) kuma tana samar da matakin shigarwar waya ɗaya. Lokacin da kake buƙatar rarraba 24V DC zuwa tashoshin shigarwar PLC guda goma sha biyu daban-daban daga layin wutar lantarki na gama gari, kana buƙatar matsayi na toshe tashar guda goma sha biyu, wanda ke nufin faɗin module goma sha biyu na sararin layin dogo na DIN.

Tubalan tashoshi masu hawa uku suna magance wannan rashin ingancin sarari ta hanyar tara matakan ƙare waya guda uku masu zaman kansu a faɗin module ɗaya. Tsarin yana amfani da sandar wutar lantarki ta gama gari wacce ke gudana ta dukkan matakai uku, amma kowane mataki an ware shi ta hanyar lantarki ta hanyar raba mai hana ruwa, kuma kowane mataki yana da nasa wurin shigar waya mai zaman kansa. Sakamakon shine zaku iya dakatar da da'irori uku daban-daban - kowannensu yana da nasa haɗin shigarwa da fitarwa - a cikin sawun layin DIN iri ɗaya da toshewar tashar mataki ɗaya zai buƙata.

Domin fakiti uku suna da sandar wutar lantarki iri ɗaya amma suna da wuraren tuntuɓar da aka keɓe, tsarin bene mai hawa uku ya dace da rarraba PLC inda kake da bas ɗin wutar lantarki ko sigina na gama gari wanda ke ratsawa zuwa wurare da yawa. Madaurin bas ɗin gama gari yana haɗuwa da bene na sama, da kuma reshe na da'irori masu zaman kansu guda uku daga bene na tsakiya da na ƙasa. A cikin yanayin rarraba shigarwar shigarwar DC PLC 24V, wannan yana nufin toshe tashar bene mai hawa uku ɗaya zai iya hidimar tashoshin shigarwa guda uku daga ciyarwa ɗaya - rage tsawon layin dogo na DIN da ake buƙata da kashi biyu bisa uku.

Tasirin da ake da shi kan tattalin arzikin gina allon yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. A cikin tsarin PLC na yau da kullun na 256-I/O, sauyawa daga tubalan tashar mataki ɗaya zuwa tubalan bene uku don rarraba wutar lantarki na iya rage jimlar adadin tubalan tashar da matsayi 60-80, wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa raguwar tsawon layin dogo na DIN, rage girman katangar panel (da farashi), da kuma rage girman waya. Mun yi aiki tare da masu gina panel waɗanda suka rage matsakaicin lokacin gina panel da awanni 4-6 a kowace panel bayan sun canza zuwa tsarin bene uku don sassan rarraba PLC.

Tsarin Haɗin Kai: Rarraba Sigina Ba Tare da Rikicin Waya ba

Tsarin bene mai hawa uku rabin mafita ne kawai ga rarraba PLC mai yawan yawa. Rabin na biyu shine ƙirar haɗin gwiwa—tsarin sandunan bas na ciki da sandunan tsalle-tsalle na waje waɗanda ke ba da damar haɗa matakan tashoshi da yawa ta hanyar lantarki ta hanyar da aka sarrafa, mai juyewa. A nan ne ƙwarewar injiniyan masana'antar toshewar tashar ta bayyana a fili.

A cikin mahallin rarrabawar PLC, haɗin giciye yana nufin ikon haɗa wurare da yawa na tashar lantarki tare da sashin layin dogo na DIN don haka siginar gama gari (kamar 24V DC ko 0V) ta rarraba a cikin matakai da yawa na tashar ba tare da gudanar da wayoyi daban-daban tsakanin kowane matsayi ba. Wannan yayi kama da yadda allon burodi a cikin ƙirar lantarki ke rarraba layukan wutar lantarki a cikin matsayi da yawa na sassa - amma tare da ƙarfin injina da takardar shaidar lantarki da ake buƙata don yanayin sarrafa masana'antu.

Akwai manyan gine-ginen haɗin giciye guda biyu da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙirar tubalin tashar mai yawa don aikace-aikacen PLC:

Haɗa hanyar haɗin bas ta ciki. Sandar bas mai ƙarfi ta jan ƙarfe ko tagulla tana gudana a ciki ta cikin gidan tubalin tashar, tana haɗa wuraren ƙarewa da yawa a cikin na'ura ɗaya. Wannan ita ce hanyar da ke ba da damar tsarin sandar da aka raba tsakanin tsarin bene mai hawa uku. Dole ne sandar bas ta ciki ta kasance daidai girmanta don ɗaukar wutar lantarki mai ƙima ba tare da hauhawar zafin jiki mai yawa ba - yawanci yana buƙatar yanki mai faɗi na akalla 4 mm² don tubalin tashar da aka ƙima 30A tare da matsayi uku na bene. Ingancin dakatarwar sandar bas ta ciki zuwa maɓuɓɓugar haɗi yana da mahimmanci: haɗin ciki mai sassauƙa ko juriya mai ƙarfi zai haifar da dumama na gida wanda ke lalata saman hulɗa akan lokaci, wanda daga ƙarshe zai haifar da gazawa.

Madaurin jumper na waje haɗin giciye. Sandunan jumper na waje da aka shigar bayan kasuwa ko kuma waɗanda aka sanya a masana'anta (wanda kuma ake kira tubalan rarrabawa ko gadoji na wadata) suna haɗawa a saman tubalan tashar da ke kusa don ƙirƙirar bas na gama gari a kan na'urori da yawa. Wannan tsarin ya fi sassauƙa fiye da haɗin giciye na ciki saboda za ku iya sake tsara tubalan tashar da aka haɗa da wanne bas ba tare da wargaza tsarin ciki ba. A cikin aikace-aikacen rarraba PLC, sandunan jumper na waje galibi ana amfani da su don ƙirƙirar bas ɗin rarraba wutar lantarki a layi ɗaya don ƙungiyoyin shigar da PLC. Sandunan jumper ana kimanta su don wutar lantarki iri ɗaya da tubalan tashar da kanta, kuma ƙarfin hulɗarsu zuwa sandar halin yanzu ta toshe tashar yana kiyaye ta ta hanyar injin bazara ko manne sukurori.

A J-Guang, tubalan tashar mu masu hawa uku Yi amfani da haɗin sandunan bas na ciki don tara na'urori a cikin na'urori da sandunan tsalle na waje don rarraba tsakanin na'urori. Wannan tsarin gine-gine biyu yana ba masu gina panel mafi girman sassauci a yadda suke tsara hanyoyin sadarwar rarraba sigina, kuma yana ba da damar gyara filin ba tare da sake haɗawa ba - saboda za ku iya cire wani takamaiman sashin sandar tsalle ba tare da dagula sauran hanyar sadarwar rarrabawa ba.

Ƙimar Wutar Lantarki da Na Yanzu: Menene IEC 60947-7-1 A gaskiya yana buƙatar

Ɗaya daga cikin fannoni da ba a fahimta sosai ba game da zaɓin tubalan tashar don rarraba PLC shine tsarin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki. Tubalan tashoshi suna ɗauke da ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima da kuma wutar lantarki mai ƙima, kuma duka ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa - amma ba za a iya musanya su ba, kuma rikitar da su shine ɗayan hanyoyin da aka fi samun kurakuran ƙayyadaddun bayanai da nake fuskanta a fagen.

Ma'aunin da ya dace don tubalan tashoshi masu aiki da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa masana'antu shine IEC 60947-7-1 (Kayan aiki da na'urorin sarrafawa masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki—Sashe na 7-1: Kayan aiki masu taimako—Tubalan tashoshi don masu gudanar da jan ƙarfe). Wannan ma'aunin yana bayyana buƙatun gwajin injiniya, lantarki, da muhalli da tubalin ƙarshe dole ne ya wuce don karɓar ƙima. Mahimman bayanai a ƙarƙashin wannan ƙa'idar sun haɗa da:

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙima. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da toshewar tashar zata iya ɗauka tsakanin da'irori masu maƙwabtaka ko tsakanin da'ira da layin hawa (idan ya dace). Don aikace-aikacen rarraba PLC ta amfani da siginar DC 24V, wannan ba kasafai ake samun takura ba - amma ga sarrafa motoci masu matakai uku ko rarrabawar AC 480V, ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima yana zama mai mahimmanci. Koyaushe tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima na toshewar tashar ya cika ko ya wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin, ba kawai ƙarfin lantarki na asali ba. Ga mahalli na masana'antu na PLC tare da matakan ƙarfin lantarki iri-iri (gami da masu ciyar da motar AC 480V), muna ba da shawarar zaɓar tubalan tashar da aka ƙima zuwaMafi ƙarancin wutar lantarki ta AC 630V don samar da isasshen kariya.

An ƙididdige halin yanzu. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da za a iya ɗauka ta cikin toshewar ƙarshe ba tare da wuce ƙimar zafin da aka yarda ba. IEC 60947-7-1 shine 45°C sama da yanayi a kan wutar lantarki mai ƙima, wanda aka auna a ƙarshen jagorar. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda wutar lantarki mai ƙima tana ɗaukar takamaiman ma'aunin waya (yawanci 2.5 mm² don toshewar tashar 20A) da takamaiman zafin jiki na yanayi. Idan kun yi amfani da ƙaramin ma'aunin waya fiye da yadda ƙimar ta ɗauka, ainihin ƙarfin ɗaukar wutar lantarki zai yi ƙasa da ƙimar da aka ƙima saboda ƙaruwar dumama I²R a cikin ƙaramin jagorar.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙima. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki (ƙarfin) da toshewar tashar zata iya jurewa ba tare da lalacewa ba. Ga shigarwar PLC a cikin yanayin masana'antu tare da nauyin mota, ƙarfin lantarki daga sauyawar inductive na iya kaiwa 2.5–4 kV ko da akan da'irori 24V DC. An ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙimar a2.5 kV, 4 kV, 6 kV, ko 8 kV ya danganta da nau'in kayan aiki (Nau'in Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na I, II, III, ko IV). Ga kabad ɗin PLC waɗanda suka haɗa da na'urorin mita masu canzawa (VFDs), zaɓar tubalan tashoshi waɗanda aka ƙima su zuwa aƙalla ƙarfin 4 kV abu ne mai kyau.

Digiri na gurɓatawa. IEC 60947-7-1 yana buƙatar a kimanta tubalan ƙarshe don takamaiman matakin gurɓatawa (1, 2, ko 3), wanda ke bayyana yanayin muhalli wanda kayan aikin zai yi aiki a ƙarƙashinsa. Digiri na Gurɓatawa 3 yana aiki a cikin kabad ɗin sarrafa masana'antu inda ake tsammanin gurɓataccen abu (kamar ƙura da danshi). Koyaushe ƙayyade Digiri na Gurɓatawa 3 don aikace-aikacen kabad ɗin PLC na masana'antu, kuma tabbatar da cewa an ƙayyade nisa tsakanin tubalan tashar da nisan sharewa daidai gwargwado.

Hanyoyin Kare Waya: Matse Sukurori vs. Spring Cage vs. Matsar da Rufi

Hanyar ƙare waya ita ce hanyar da mai sarrafa waya ke yin hulɗar lantarki da sandar wutar lantarki ta toshewa. Ga aikace-aikacen rarraba PLC, fasahohin ƙarewa guda uku masu rinjaye kowannensu yana da fa'idodi daban-daban:

Ƙarewar maƙallin sukurori. Fasaha mafi inganci, ta amfani da sukurori don shafa matsi a kan farantin mannewa wanda ke ɗaure mai jagora a kan sandar da ke aiki. Karewar mannewar sukurori yana ba da ingantaccen amincin hulɗa kuma an karɓe su sosai a cikin ƙa'idodin masana'antu a duk duniya. Duk da haka, suna buƙatar sukurori ko maɓallin hex don shigarwa (ƙara lokaci ga ginin panel), kuma suna iya fuskantar lalacewar hulɗa idan sukurori ya sassauta ƙarƙashin girgiza - yanayin gazawa da aka sani a cikin allunan sarrafa masana'antu tare da manyan fakitin waya ko kayan aikin girgiza. Mun ƙayyade karewar mannewar sukurori don aikace-aikace inda za a yi amfani da kare akai-akai don gyara ko inda ma'aikatan da suka fi son amsawar taɓawa ke yin wayoyi a filin.

Karewar kejin bazara. Tsarin maɓuɓɓuga yana amfani da ƙarfin matsewa akai-akai ga mai sarrafa waya, yana kawar da buƙatar sukurori kuma yana ba da damar saka waya ba tare da kayan aiki ba. Karewar kejin bazara yana da sauri zuwa waya a cikin yanayin samarwa kuma yana da juriya ga girgiza saboda maɓuɓɓugar tana riƙe da ƙarfin tuntuɓar daidai ba tare da la'akari da girgiza ba. Duk da haka, karewar kejin bazara yawanci yana da ɗan juriya ga taɓawa fiye da karewar matsewar sukurori, kuma ƙila ba za a yarda da su ba a wasu tsoffin ƙa'idodin masana'antu waɗanda suka riga fasahar kejin bazara. Muna ba da shawarar karewar kejin bazara don yanayin PLC mai girgiza sosai kamar tashoshin famfo, wuraren haɗa compressor, da bangarorin sarrafawa na HVAC.

Karewar ƙaura daga rufin (IDC). Layin kamar ruwan wukake wanda ke huda rufin waya kuma yana yin hulɗa da mai gudanarwa lokacin da aka tura wayar zuwa cikin ramin ƙarewa. Katsewar IDC tana da sauri sosai (ba a buƙatar cirewa) kuma tana ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga girgiza, amma sun dace ne kawai ga masu jagoranci masu ƙarfi ko masu jagoranci masu rauni a cikin takamaiman girman. Ba su dace da masu jagoranci masu kauri ba. Don wayoyi masu rarraba PLC ta amfani da wayoyin da aka riga aka yanke a cikin yanayin samarwa, katsewar IDC na iya rage lokacin ƙarewa da kashi 40-60% idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin ɗaure sukurori. Mun ƙayyade katsewar IDC ga masu gina panel na OEM waɗanda ke dakatar da manyan adadin hanyoyin sadarwa na waya.

Kayan Gidaje: PA6.6 da PPE/PPO da Tasirin Aiki

Kayan ginin tubalin ƙarshe yana ƙayyade aikin zafi, jinkirin harshen wuta, da juriya ga sinadarai - duk waɗannan muhimman abubuwa ne a cikin yanayin kabad na PLC inda abubuwan da ke samar da zafi kamar su wutar lantarki ta PLC da na'urorin tuƙi ke haifar da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Kayan ginin guda biyu mafi rinjaye don tubalan ƙarshen masana'antu sune polyamide 6.6 (PA 6.6) da kuma polyphenylene ether/polyphenylene oxide da aka gyara (haɗen PPE/PPO).

PA 6.6 (wanda aka fi sani da nailan) shine kayan ginin tubalin da aka fi amfani da shi. Babban fa'idodinsa sune ƙarfin injiniya mai kyau, kyawawan halayen dielectric, da kuma jituwa mai faɗi tsakanin sinadarai. PA 6.6 ya cimma UL94 V-0 jinkirin harshen wuta kauri na 0.8 mm, wanda ya cika buƙatun ƙonewa na IEC 60947-7-1Duk da haka, PA 6.6 yana da iyaka mai ci gaba da aiki na kimanin 105°C, kuma yana shan danshi akan lokaci—wanda zai iya rage ƙarfin dielectric ɗinsa har zuwa 30% a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa.

Kayan gidaje na PPE/PPO suna ba da juriya ga danshi da kuma yanayin zafi mai ci gaba (har zuwa 115–120°C). Abubuwan da ke cikin su na dielectric sun fi karko a duk faɗin yanayin zafi, wanda hakan ya sa suka fi dacewa da shigarwar PLC ta waje ko ta ƙasa da danshi. Duk da haka, PPE/PPO ya fi tsada fiye da PA 6.6, kuma juriyarsa ta injiniya a ƙananan yanayin zafi ba ta da kyau—don haka don amfani da kabad na PLC na cikin gida na yau da kullun, PA 6.6 ya kasance zaɓi mafi inganci.

Ga tubalan tashar rarraba PLC da ake amfani da su a cikin kabad ɗin da aka rufe tare da yanayin zafi na yanayi har zuwa 55°C (wanda aka saba a cikin kabad ɗin da aka rufe tare da abubuwan da ke samar da zafi), gidan PA 6.6 ya isa. Don shigarwa a cikin kabad na waje, hasken rana kai tsaye, ko yanayin masana'antu masu zafi sosai, muna ba da shawarar gidajen PPE/PPO. Kullum a tabbatar da ƙayyadaddun kayan gidaje akan takardar bayanai - yawancin takaddun bayanai na toshe na ƙarshe ba sa bayyana kayan gidan a sarari, wanda ya kamata ya zama ja.

Bayanan Aikace-aikace: Tura Tubalan Tashar Mai Yawan Kauri a cikin Shigarwa na PLC na Gaskiya

Bayan samar da tubalan tashoshi don aikace-aikacen rarraba PLC a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu—haɗa motoci, sarrafa abinci da abin sha, tsaftace ruwa, da kuma kula da HVAC—Ina so in raba tsare-tsaren aikace-aikacen da suka dace waɗanda ke samar da mafi kyawun sakamako da kuma kurakuran ƙayyadaddun bayanai waɗanda galibi ke haifar da matsaloli a fagen.

Mafi mahimmancin ƙa'idar aikace-aikace ita ce Rarrabuwa ta nau'in siginaA cikin kabad ɗin PLC mai matakan ƙarfin lantarki iri-iri (masu ciyar da motoci na AC 480V, da'irorin sarrafa AC 230V, 24V DC PLC I/O), ya kamata a raba tubalan ƙarshen kowane matakin ƙarfin lantarki ta jiki, ko dai ta hanyar ɗorawa a kan layukan DIN daban-daban tare da rabuwa bayyananne ko ta amfani da tubalan ƙarshe irin na shinge waɗanda ke samar da rabuwa ta zahiri tsakanin da'irorin ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban da ke kusa. Ana buƙatar wannan rabuwa ta hanyar IEC 60204-1 (Tsaron injuna—Kayan aikin lantarki) kuma ba zaɓi bane a yawancin tsarin duba lafiyar masana'antu.

Musamman ga ɓangaren rarrabawa na 24V DC PLC I/O, muna ba da shawarar amfani da tsarin bene mai hawa uku inda saman bene shine bas ɗin wutar lantarki na gama gari (24V DC daga wutar lantarki), tsakiyar bene yana ciyar da rukunin shigarwar PLC A, kuma ƙasan bene yana ciyar da rukunin shigarwar PLC B. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar ware bas ɗin gama gari don dalilan kulle-kulle yayin da ƙungiyoyin shigarwa guda biyu ke ci gaba da aiki, kuma yana ba da damar katse ƙungiyoyin shigarwa daban-daban don gyara ba tare da shafar ɗayan rukunin ba.

Kuskuren ƙayyadaddun bayanai da na gani shine rage girman ƙimar wutar lantarki ta toshewa don rarraba wutar lantarki ta PLC. Tashoshin shigarwa na PLC na wutar lantarki na 24V DC 32 a 20 mA kowace tasha suna ɗauke da jimillar 640 mA - a cikin ƙimar yanzu ta kowane toshewar tashar. Duk da haka, wutar lantarki ta inrush daga kayan shigar PLC (wanda zai iya zama sau 3-5 na wutar lantarki mai tsayayye yayin kunnawa) na iya ƙara ƙarfin toshewar tashar rarrabawa na ɗan lokaci. Muna ba da shawarar ƙayyade tubalan tashar don rarraba wutar lantarki ta PLC tare da ƙimar yanzu aƙalla 150% na ƙimar yanzu mai tsayayye, don samar da isasshen iyaka don yanayin inrush da lahani.

Wani abin la'akari kuma shine sarrafa waya da kuma hanyar sadarwa. Toshe-toshe na tashoshi uku suna rage adadin waya amma suna ƙara yawan waya a kowane wuri na ƙarewa (wayoyi uku a kowane matsayi maimakon ɗaya). Wannan yana buƙatar kulawa sosai ga kayan haɗi na waya a layin toshe na ƙarshe don tabbatar da cewa babu wani radius na lanƙwasa waya ɗaya da ya yi matsewa sosai, wanda zai iya lalata rufin waya akan lokaci. Muna ba da shawarar kula da ƙaramin radius na lanƙwasa na diamita na waje sau 3 don hanyoyin waya masu sassauƙa.

Gyara, Shirya matsala, da Gyaran Fili

Ɗaya daga cikin hujjoji mafi jan hankali game da tubalan tashar bene mai girman gaske a cikin aikace-aikacen rarraba PLC shine fa'idar kulawa da warware matsaloli da suke bayarwa. Lokacin da tashar shigar da PLC ta gaza a cikin kwamitin da aka saba amfani da shi ta hanyar waya, tsarin bincike yana buƙatar bin diddigin wayar daga ɓangaren shigarwar ta hanyar toshewar tashar zuwa na'urar filin - tsari wanda zai iya ɗaukar awanni a cikin madaurin sarka mai rikitarwa. A cikin tsari mai kyau tubalan tashar bene uku shigarwa, hanyar ganewar asali ta yi gajeru sosai saboda kowane matsayi na toshewar tashar yana aiki da aiki da aka ayyana kuma ana iya faɗi.

Don gyare-gyaren filin - wanda ke faruwa akai-akai fiye da yadda yawancin masu tsara tsarin sarrafawa ke tsammani - tubalan tashar bene uku tare da sandar jumper ta waje suna ba da ƙarin fa'idodi. Lokacin da faɗaɗa tsarin PLC yana buƙatar ƙara hanyoyin shigarwa, tsarin yawanci yana iyakance ga ƙara matsayin toshe na ƙarshe zuwa sashin layin dogo na DIN da ake da shi, shigar da sabbin sandunan jumper don faɗaɗa bas ɗin rarrabawa zuwa sabbin wurare, da kuma dakatar da sabbin wayoyin filin. Wannan ya fi sauri fiye da gudanar da sabbin hanyoyin waya daban-daban daga jerin toshe na tsakiya zuwa kowane sabon wurin I/O.

Don ci gaba da kulawa, ina ba da shawarar kafa jadawalin tabbatar da ƙarfin juyi na ƙarshe don ƙarewar sukurori da mannewa a cikin yanayin girgiza mai ƙarfi. Tazarar ƙarfin juyi ya dogara da matakin girgiza: ga kabad a cikin yanayin masana'antu gabaɗaya (bene na bita na yau da kullun), tabbatar da ƙarfin juyi na shekara-shekara ya isa; ga kabad akan injinan girgiza (famfo, damfara, allon girgiza), tabbatarwa na rabin shekara ya fi kyau. Yi amfani da sukudireba mai daidaitawa wanda aka saita zuwa ƙimar ƙarfin juyi da aka ƙayyade bisa ga takardar bayanai - yawanci 0.5-0.8 Nm don toshewar tashar 4 mm².

Tabbatar da Ingantaccen Aiki da Samar da Kaya: Abin da Za a Bukata Daga Mai Ba da Kaya

Ba duka ba tubalan tashoshi masu yawa an ƙirƙira su daidai gwargwado, kuma bambance-bambancen ƙayyadaddun bayanai waɗanda ke raba samfurin da aka ƙera da gaske daga sake fasalin samfura ba koyaushe ake ganin su a cikin hoton kundin adireshi ba. Ga abin da nake ba da shawarar ku nema daga gare ku. mai samar da bututun tashar:

Nemi IEC 60947-7-1 rahoton gwajiDuk wani masana'anta da ke da'awar bin wannan ƙa'ida ya kamata ya iya bayar da rahoton gwaji daga dakin gwaje-gwajen da aka amince da shi (kamar TÜV Rheinland, UL, CSA, ko Ofishin Veritas) Rahoton gwajin ya tattara ainihin ƙimar da aka auna don ƙarfin dielectric, juriyar rufi, hauhawar zafin jiki, da juriyar inji - ba kawai ƙimar da aka ambata ba. Mai samar da kaya wanda ba zai iya ko ba zai iya bayar da wannan takaddun ba babban alama ne.

Tabbatar da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki da kuma matakin gurɓataccen yanayi a rahoton gwajin. Takardun bayanai na toshewar tashar gabaɗaya da yawa suna lissafa IEC 60947-7-1 Da'awar bin ƙa'ida ba tare da tantance ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki ko matakin gurɓatawa ba - wanda ke nufin ba a gwada waɗannan sigogi ba, ko kuma sakamakon gwajin bai yi kyau ba har an cire su daga takardar bayanai. Don yanayin PLC na masana'antu, ya kamata ku ga Pollution Degree 3 da Impulse Voltage 4 kV ko sama da haka a matsayin mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Tabbatar da takardar bayanai game da kayan gidajeNemi matakin kayan gidaje da kuma UL94 ƙimar ƙonewa. Ya kamata a ba da takardar shaidar tubalan tashar PA 6.6 zuwa UL94 V-0 a kauri bangon gidan da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samfurin. Idan mai samar da kayayyaki ba zai iya samar da takardar bayanai game da kayan ba, ba a tabbatar da ikirarin kayan gidan ba.

Kimanta darajar ƙayyadaddun juriyar lamba. Toshe mai inganci ya kamata ya kasance yana da juriyar hulɗa da ƙasa da 1 mΩ (milliohm) a ma'aunin wutar lantarki, wanda aka auna a wurin ƙarewar waya. Ƙimar juriyar hulɗa mafi girma tana nuna ƙarancin shiri na saman hulɗa ko ƙirar ƙarfin bazara/matsewa mara kyau, duka biyun za su haifar da gazawa da wuri a aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki mai yawa ko zafin jiki mai yawa.

Sauye-sauye Masu Tasowa: Tubalan Tashar Wayo da Binciken Haɗaka

Kasuwar toshewar tashar jiragen ruwa ta fara ganin gabatar da fasalulluka na ganewar asali waɗanda a da ba su yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan aiki marasa aiki. Masana'antu da dama—ciki har da J-Guang—suna haɓaka samfuran toshewar tashar jiragen ruwa tare da na'urori masu auna yanayin yanzu, LEDs na matsayi, da hanyoyin sadarwa waɗanda ke ba da damar toshewar tashar jiragen ruwa da kanta ta ba da rahoton matsayinta ga PLC ko BMS ta hanyar bas ɗin dijital.

Ga aikace-aikacen rarraba PLC, ci gaba mafi kyau shine haɗin kai sandunan bas masu jin daɗin yanzu wanda zai iya gano da'irori masu buɗewa ko ƙimar wutar lantarki mara kyau akan matsayin toshewar tashar ba tare da ƙarin na'urori masu auna sigina na waje ba. Wannan yana ba da damar faɗakarwar kulawa ta kariya (maimakon amsawar gazawar amsawa) don hanyar sadarwar rarraba wayoyi ta PLC. Toshewar tashar tare da firikwensin wutar lantarki mai haɗawa wanda ke ba da rahoto ga PLC akan Modbus RTU ko CANBuɗe hanyar sadarwa na iya faɗakar da masu aiki game da haɓaka matsalolin haɗin waya kafin su haifar da gazawar shigarwar PLC.

Muna kuma ganin ƙaruwar amfani da hanyoyin fitarwa marasa kayan aiki don tubalan tashar kejin bazara waɗanda ke ba da damar cire waya ba tare da kayan aiki ba—wani fasali wanda ke rage lokacin samun damar gyara sosai. Haɗin ƙarewar kejin bazara (don saurin shigarwa na farko) tare da sakin kayan aiki ba tare da kayan aiki ba (don saurin samun damar gyara) yana da matuƙar jan hankali ga yanayin rarraba PLC inda farashin gina panel na farko da farashin kulawa mai gudana sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi