Na shafe shekaru ashirin ina amfani da na'urorin sarrafa na'urori na masana'antu, kuma idan akwai abu ɗaya da na koya, shi ne cewa kowace minti da na yi ina yaƙi da tashar sukurori mai taurin kai minti ɗaya ne kawai na ɓata. Lokacin da na fara haɗuwa da suTubalan tashar turawa ta DIN dogoNa yi shakka — ta yaya tsarin matsewa na bazara zai iya zama abin dogaro kamar haɗin sukurori mai ƙarfi? Shekaru goma sha biyu da ɗaruruwan bangarori bayan haka, ni mai canzawa ne, kuma ina so in yi muku bayani dalla-dalla dalilin da yasa toshewar tashar turawa mai ƙimar 1000V yanzu shine takamaiman bayanina na asali ga kowane kwamitin sarrafawa inda ƙarfin tsarin ya wuce 400V.

A cikin wannan labarin, ina bayani ne game da muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi fasahar toshewar tashar turawa, dalilin da yasa ƙimar 1000V ke da mahimmanci a cikin yanayin masana'antu, tsarin wayoyi marasa kayan aiki mataki-mataki, yadda ake zaɓar toshe da ya dace don ƙirar panel ɗinku, da kuma ƙa'idodin da suka dace waɗanda ke kula da waɗannan abubuwan. Ko kai injiniyan lantarki ne wanda ke ƙayyade abubuwan da ke cikin panel ko mai gina panel wanda ke neman inganta fitarwa, ina tsammanin za ka sami wani abu mai amfani a nan.

Menene Block ɗin Tashar Jirgin Ƙasa ta DIN?

ADIN dogo tura-in terminal block na'urar haɗin lantarki ce wadda ke hawa kan layin DIN na yau da kullun (yawanci 35 mm × 7.5 mm ko 35 mm × 15 mm) kuma tana amfani da hanyar maɓuɓɓuga don ɗaure shigarwar waya ba tare da buƙatar sukudireba ba. Tsarin turawa yana da ƙaramin tashar shigarwa kusa da maƙallin maɓuɓɓuga - kuna cire wayar, saka ta kai tsaye a cikin tashar, kuma maɓuɓɓugar za ta riƙe jagorar ta atomatik. Don sakin wayar, kuna amfani da ƙaramin kayan aikin fitarwa ko sukudireba don kunna hanyar sakin da ke kusa da tashar sakawa.

Babban bambanci daga na gargajiyatubalan tashar ɗaure-ƙulle shine tsarin matsewar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. A cikin toshe mai matsewar maƙulli, ana ɗaure wayar ta hanyar matse sukurori wanda ke matsewa a kan mai tuƙi. Bayan lokaci, girgiza da zagayowar zafi na iya sa haɗin sukurori su sassauta - yanayin gazawa da aka sani a cikin mahalli na masana'antu. Tashoshin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na turawa suna kawar da wannan tsarin gazawar saboda maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tana amfani da matsin lamba na lamba akai-akai ba tare da la'akari da yanayin zafi ba, kuma babu sukurori da za a sassauta.

Ningbo J-Guang Electronics, wani kamfani da aka kafa a shekarar 2010 wanda ya ƙware a fannin toshewar tashoshi da mahaɗi, yana samar da nau'ikan kayayyaki iri-iri. Tubalan tashar turawa ta DIN dogo gami da jerin JGTD da nau'ikan plug-in PCT-211 da na ƙayyade a cikin ayyukan kwamitin sarrafawa da yawa. Masana'antar su ta wuce takardar shaidar sarrafa inganci ta ISO 9001:2008, kuma samfuran su suna ɗauke da amincewar SGS, ROHS, REACH, CE, CQC, da UL - wanda ke ba ni kwarin gwiwa lokacin da nake ƙayyade waɗannan abubuwan don bangarorin fitarwa waɗanda dole ne su cika buƙatun bin ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya.

Fahimtar Ƙimar 1000V: Dalilin da Ya Sa Yake da Muhimmanci ga Allon Kula da Masana'antu

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙima na toshewar ƙarshe shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da na'urar za ta iya jurewa cikin aminci a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan gwaji da aka ƙayyade. A cikin allunan sarrafa masana'antu, matakan ƙarfin lantarki sun bambanta sosai dangane da aikace-aikacen:

• 24V DC / 24V AC: Da'irori masu matakin sigina, wayoyi masu auna firikwensin, kayan aikin PLC I/O. Toshewar tashar da aka kimanta ta 600V ta fi dacewa.
• 230V / 400V AC: Na'urorin ciyar da motoci na yau da kullun, rarraba wutar lantarki a cikin panel. Wannan shine mafi yawan ƙarfin lantarki na aiki ga allunan masana'antu, kuma toshe mai ƙimar 600V zuwa 1000V ya dace.
• 480V AC: Motoci masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, manyan amplifiers na servo. A wannan matakin ƙarfin lantarki, buƙatun rarrafe da sharewa tsakanin masu tuƙi suna zama masu mahimmanci, kuma koyaushe ina ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ƙimar 1000V.
• 690V AC: Manyan injinan fara motoci na masana'antu, da kuma sandunan bas suna haɗuwa. Nan ne ƙimar 1000V ta zama mahimmanci - duk wani abu da ke ƙasa da ƙimar 1000V yana iya haifar da raguwar fitarwa da kuma gazawar bin diddigin aiki a tsawon rayuwar kwamitin.

TheƘimar 1000V yana samar da iyakar aminci na kusan kashi 45% sama da ƙarfin lantarki na 690V wanda ke wakiltar iyakar sama ta rarrabawa matakai uku na masana'antu. Wannan iyaka ba ta da tsari - tana lissafin canjin wutar lantarki, kwararar iska mai ƙarfi, da kuma tasirin da aka tara na fitar da wani ɓangare a cikin gurɓataccen yanayi ko danshi. IEC 61076-2-101:2012 misali ga masu haɗin M12 da'ira da ake amfani da su a cikin aunawa da sarrafa tsarin masana'antu suna bayyana buƙatun haɗin haɗin da ke cika ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na toshewar tashar - musamman, nisan da ke rarrafe, nisan sharewa, da daidaitawar rufin da ke ƙayyade ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na kowane haɗin lantarki da aka haɗa a cikin kwamitin sarrafawa.

Abu ɗaya da nake dubawa koyaushe: dole ne a faɗi ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki a wurin yanayin zafi na yanayi a inda kwamitin zai yi aiki. Yawancin masana'antun toshewar tashar suna buga ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki a 23°C, amma a 55°C na yanayi (wanda aka saba da shi a cikin wuraren rufe masana'antu), ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na iya buƙatar a cire ta daga 10% zuwa 20%. Takardun bayanai na J-Guang yawanci suna ɗauke da lanƙwasa na derating, kuma ina tabbatar da duba wannan da yanayin wurin kafin in kammala zaɓin kayan.

Wayoyi marasa Kayan Aiki: Tsarin Haɗin Tura-In Mataki-mataki

Tsarin haɗa waya da toshewar tashar turawa abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma bayan haɗin farko na ƴan dozin, yawancin masu amfani da waya na panel suna ganin ya fi sauri fiye da ɗaure sukurori. Ga tsarin da nake koyarwa a kowace ginin panel:

Mataki na 1: Zaɓi Girman Waya Mai Daidai

Ana kimanta tubalan tashar turawa don takamaiman ma'aunin waya. Ga tubalan tashar turawa ta layin dogo na J-Guang na PCT-211 na jerin DIN, ƙimar da aka saba bayarwa tana rufewamasu jagoranci masu ƙarfi daga 0.5 mm² zuwa 2.5 mm² kuma masu jagoranci da suka makale daga 0.5 mm² zuwa 2.5 mm² tare da ferules. Kullum ina tabbatar da ainihin kewayon waya daga takardar bayanai ta masana'anta saboda wasu tubalan turawa ba sa karɓar fine-strand (Class5 ko Class 6) conductors ba tare da ferules ba - tsarin bazara na iya matse ƙananan zaren kuma rage matsin lamba akan lokaci.

Mataki na 2: Cire Wayar zuwa Tsawon Da Ya Dace

Zurfin shigarwar - tsawon jagoran da ba a saka ba wanda ake buƙatar sakawa - yawanci ana yiwa alama a kan gidan tubalin ƙarshe ko kuma a bayyana shi a cikin takardar bayanai. Ga yawancin tubalan tashar DIN, tsawon tsiri shine 8mm zuwa 12mmIna amfani da na'urar yanke waya mai daidaitawa zuwa daidai tsawon tsiri don takamaiman toshe da nake amfani da shi, kuma ina tabbatar da tsawon tsiri akan kowace sabuwar wayar a farkon kowane aiki. Tsawon tsiri wanda ya yi gajere yana haifar da rashin isasshen zurfin sakawa da haɗin juriya mai ƙarfi; tsayi da yawa, kuma mai jagoran da aka fallasa yana fitowa daga bayan gidan, yana haifar da haɗarin girgiza.

Mataki na 3: Saka Wayar — Babu Kayan Aiki da ake buƙata

Ga masu amfani da wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi da kuma masu amfani da wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata, shigar da wutar ba ta da kayan aiki. Ina riƙe wayar da hannu ɗaya, na saka ƙarshen da aka cire a cikin tashar shigarwa, sannan na tura har sai na ji an saki juriyar bazara yayin da waya ke zaune a cikin maƙallin. Tsarin bazara yana riƙe wayar da ƙarfin hulɗa na yawanci N 8 zuwa N 15 a kowace hulɗa - wanda ya isa ya ɗaure wayar ba tare da lalata zaren mai amfani da wutar ba. Saboda babu sukurori da za a juya kuma babu takamaiman ƙarfin juyi don tabbatarwa, ingancin haɗin yana daidai da wanda ke haɗa allon.

Mataki na 4: Tabbatar da Haɗin

Bayan na saka, na ba wa kowace waya gwajin jan hankali mai sauƙi - ja da ƙarfin N 5 zuwa N 10 don tabbatar da cewa riƙon maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ya yi aiki. A ganina, haɗin turawa mai kyau ba zai saki ba a ƙarƙashin sarrafawa ta yau da kullun. Idan waya ta ja da ƙarfi mai sauƙi, yana nufin ma'aunin waya yana gefen kewayon da aka ƙayyade na toshe ko kuma tsawon tsiri bai isa ba.

Mataki na 5: Saki (Lokacin da ake buƙata)

Domin sakin waya daga tashar turawa, sai na saka ƙaramin sukudireba mai faɗi (yawanci faɗin ruwan wukake daga 2.0 mm zuwa 2.5 mm) a cikin tashar fitarwa da ke kusa da tashar shigarwa, na tura ciki don kunna fitowar bazara, sannan a lokaci guda na cire wayar. Aikin sakin yana ɗaukar kimanin daƙiƙa 2 a kowace haɗi - har yanzu yana da sauri fiye da sassauta tashar sukudireba, wanda ke buƙatar a sake sanya sukudireba a kuma sake matse shi lokacin sake haɗawa.

Kwatanta Tura-In da Sukurori-Mamaki: Yaushe Ya Kamata a Zaɓa Kowanne

Na yi amfani da fasahohin biyu sosai, kuma zaɓin tsakanin tura-in da skir-clamp ba koyaushe yake da sauƙi ba. Ga kwatancen da na yi a aikace bisa ga ƙwarewar filin:

• Gudun wayoyi: Tura-in ya yi nasara a bayyane. A cikin nazarin lokaci mai sarrafawa da na gudanar, wayoyi masu tura-in suna da matsakaicin sauri daga kashi 30% zuwa 40% a kowace haɗi da zarar an horar da mai waya. Fa'idar ta fi bayyana ga masu jagoranci masu ƙarfi da wayoyi masu ɗaure - ainihin nau'ikan wayoyi da aka fi sani a cikin wayoyi masu sarrafa panel na masana'antu.
• Ingancin haɗi: Maƙallan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na turawa suna da juriya ga girgiza kuma suna kiyaye matsin lamba akai-akai ta hanyar zagayowar zafi. Haɗin maƙallan sukurori na iya sassautawa akan lokaci idan ba a yi amfani da ƙarfin juyi yadda ya kamata ba. Domin ba zan iya tabbatar da cewa kowane kwamiti da wani ɗan kwangila na ɓangare na uku ya gina zai sami ingantaccen tabbacin ƙarfin juyi ba, ina fifita tura-in ga bangarorin da za su ga ci gaba da girgiza ko zagayowar zafi - wanda shine mafi yawan aikace-aikacen masana'antu.
• Dacewar nau'in waya: Tashoshin manne-manne suna karɓar nau'ikan waya iri-iri, gami da masu sarrafa fine-strand marasa ferruled. Toshe-tushen da ake turawa suna buƙatar ferrules akan waya da aka makale a lokuta da yawa. Ga bangarori da yawa da ke amfani da masu sarrafa sassauƙa na Class 5 ko Class 6 ba tare da ferrules ba, manne-manne na iya zama zaɓi mafi dacewa.
• Gyaran filin: Maƙallin maƙalli yana cin nasara a nan - a yanayin filin inda ƙwararrun ma'aikata waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kayan aiki za su iya gyara wani panel, maƙallin maƙalli kusan koyaushe yana samuwa yayin da kayan aikin maƙallin maƙalli ba zai kasance ba. Na ƙayyade maƙallin maƙalli don haɗin waya na filin a cikin panels inda nake tsammanin gyare-gyare akai-akai.
• Kudin: Tubalan tashar turawa yawanci suna kashe kashi 10% zuwa 30% fiye da nau'ikan sukurori masu kama da juna. Ga allon da ke da haɗin 200, wannan na iya ƙara $200 zuwa $500 a cikin kuɗin kayan aiki - ƙimar da ta dace don saurin wayoyi da fa'idodin aminci.

Ka'idojin da ke Kula da Tubalan Tashar Jirgin Ƙasa ta DIN: IEC 61076-2-101 da UL 486A-486B

Lokacin da nake ƙayyade tubalan tashoshi don allunan sarrafawa na masana'antu waɗanda za a aika su zuwa ƙasashen waje, koyaushe ina tabbatar da cewa matakan da suka dace suna da alaƙa. Ma'auni guda biyu suna da mahimmanci musamman ga tubalan tashoshi na DIN:

The IEC 61076-2-101:2012 misali Yana bayyana buƙatun samfura don mahaɗan madauwari na M12 da ake amfani da su a cikin aunawa da sarrafa tsarin masana'antu. Duk da cewa wannan ma'aunin ya shafi musamman ga mahaɗan firikwensin da masu kunna wutar lantarki, buƙatunsa na rarrafe da sharewa, ƙa'idodin daidaita rufin rufi, da hanyoyin gwaji ana ambaton su sosai a cikin masana'antar mahaɗan masana'antu. Ma'aunin ya ƙayyade mahaɗan da aka gyara da waɗanda ba su da 'yanci tare da hanyoyin kulle sukurori, tare da diamita na lamba na 0.6 mm, 0.76 mm, 0.8 mm, da 1.0 mm a cikin saitunan lamba daban-daban waɗanda ke hana haɗuwa tsakanin nau'ikan mahaɗan da ba su dace ba.

The Ma'aunin UL 486A-486B ya ƙunshi masu haɗin waya da ake amfani da su a cikin shigarwar lantarki, kuma shine babban ma'aunin da UL ke ambata lokacin da ake tabbatar da tubalan tashar don kasuwar Arewacin Amurka. Ga tubalan tashar da ke ɗauke da alamar UL, bin ƙa'idodin UL 486A-486B yana nufin an gwada tubalan don ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya na yanzu, riƙe waya mai tsaro a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na injiniya, da hauhawar zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin kaya. Lokacin da nake ƙayyade tubalan tashar don fitarwa zuwa kasuwannin Arewacin Amurka ko don bangarorin OEM waɗanda za a haɗa su cikin kayan aikin da aka tabbatar da ƙa'idodin UL, ina la'akari da tubalan ne kawai waɗanda ke ɗauke da takardar shaidar UL 486A-486B - ita ce hanya mafi sauri don tabbatar da cewa tubalan ya cika buƙatun aminci da aka amince da su.

Zaɓar Toshewar Tashar Jirgin Ƙasa ta DIN da ta dace don Kwamitin ku

Dangane da gogewata wajen tantancewa da amfani da tubalan tashar DIN a kan ɗaruruwan bangarorin sarrafa masana'antu, ga jerin zaɓuɓɓukan da zan yi amfani da su don kowane aiki:

• Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki: Mafi ƙarancin AC 1000V ga kowane kwamiti da ke aiki sama da 400V AC; 600V AC an yarda da shi ga bangarorin matakin sigina da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki.
• Ƙimar da ake da ita a yanzu: Daidaita da matsakaicin kwararar wutar lantarki mai ci gaba na jagorar da aka kare - yawanci 10A, 16A, 24A, ko 32A don tubalan tashar jirgin ƙasa na DIN na yau da kullun. Ragewa da kashi 15% idan zafin yanayi a cikin akwatin ya wuce 45°C.
• Girman waya: Tabbatar cewa tubalin ya karɓi ma'aunin waya da ake amfani da shi a cikin allon ku. Ya kamata a tabbatar da karɓuwa daban-daban, mai ƙarfi, tare da ferrule, da kuma karɓuwa mai kyau.
• Adadin matakan: Tubalan mataki ɗaya sun fi sauƙi; tubalan mataki biyu suna adana sararin layin dogo na DIN amma sun fi rikitarwa don yin waya da magance matsaloli. Ina fifita matakin ɗaya ga yawancin bangarorin da aka saba da su da kuma matakin biyu ga bangarorin da aka takaita sarari.
• Nau'in haɗi: Tura-shiga don sabon gini (wayoyi mafi sauri); manne-skirƙira ko kuma abin toshewa don allunan da aka gyara a filin.
• Ana buƙatar takaddun shaida: CE don kasuwannin EU, UL 486A-486B don Arewacin Amurka, ROHS da REACH don bin ƙa'idodin muhalli.
• Kayan haɗi: Tashoshin ƙarshen layin dogo na DIN, faranti na raba tsakanin ƙungiyoyin wutar lantarki, sandunan tsalle don haɗin bas, alamun alama don gano da'ira.

Kurakuran Shigarwa da Aka Fi Sani da Yadda Ake Guje Su

Tsawon shekaru, na ga irin waɗannan kurakurai akai-akai a cikin bangarori masu amfani da tubalan tashar DIN. Ga waɗanda nake magancewa a cikin kowane taron tattaunawa kafin samarwa tare da ƙungiyar gina kwamitin:

• Amfani da nau'in waya mara kyau: Masu sarrafa fine-strand Class 5 ko Class 6 da aka saka ba tare da ferrules ba na iya ƙirƙirar haɗin juriya mai ƙarfi ko kuma su yi aiki ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Ina tabbatar da cewa ƙayyadaddun wayoyi sun bayyana buƙatun ferrule don wayar da ta makale, kuma ina tabbatar da cewa ferrules suna nan yayin binciken da ake yi.
• Tsawon tsiri mara daidai: Gajere ne kuma haɗin ba shi da tabbas; tsayi da yawa kuma mai tuƙi da aka fallasa yana haifar da haɗarin aminci. Na saita masu yanke waya zuwa ainihin takamaiman bulogin tashar da ake amfani da shi kuma na duba saitin a farkon kowane motsi.
• Haɗa matakan ƙarfin lantarki ba tare da faranti na rabuwa ba: Lokacin amfani da tubalan tashoshi masu matakai da yawa tare da ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban gefe da gefe, farantin raba tsakanin ƙungiyoyin wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki. Kullum ina ƙayyade faranti na rabuwa a kowace iyakar rukuni na wutar lantarki.
• Saka wayoyi da yawa fiye da kima a cikin tashar guda ɗaya: Yawancin tubalan tashar turawa an tsara su ne don waya ɗaya a kowace tashar jiragen ruwa. Saka wayoyi biyu don raba haɗin yana haifar da haɗin da ba za a iya dogara da shi ba kuma yana karya takardar shaidar UL486A-486B. Don haɗin da aka raba, ina amfani da sandar tsalle ko wani wurin haɗin daban.
• Mantawa da kunna tsarin sakin: Yin ƙoƙarin cire waya ba tare da sakin maƙallin spring ba da farko yana iya lalata toshewar. Ina tabbatar da cewa kowane mai waya ya fahimci kuma ya bi tsarin sakin daƙiƙa biyu.

Kammalawa

Tubalan tashar tura-in na DIN da aka kimanta a 1000V su ne zaɓin da ya dace ga yawancin allunan sarrafawa na masana'antu waɗanda ke aiki a 400V AC da sama, saboda suna ba da haɗin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki mai girma, amincin matsewar bazara mai jure girgiza, da saurin wayoyi marasa kayan aiki wanda kawai ba ya samuwa a madadin matsewar sukurori. Matsayin 1000V yana ba da ma'ana ta aminci sama da ƙarfin lantarki na masana'antu na 690V, kuma fasahar matsewar bazara tana kawar da yanayin gazawar sassauta sukurori wanda ke da yawa a cikin tashoshin matsewar sukurori a ƙarƙashin ci gaba da aikin masana'antu.

Lokacin da nake zaɓar tubalan tashar turawa don sabon panel, ina tabbatar da bin ƙa'idar haɗin IEC 61076-2-101 don buƙatun crepage da sharewa, kuma ina dagewa kan takardar shaidar UL 486A-486B ga kowane panel da ke kan gaba zuwa kasuwannin Arewacin Amurka. Bukatun dacewa da waya - musamman buƙatar ferrule ga masu jagoranci da suka makale - sune cikakkun bayanai na ƙayyadaddun bayanai da aka fi watsi da su, don haka koyaushe ina magance su a sarari a cikin ma'aunin wayoyi don aikin. Tare da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da shigarwa masu dacewa, tubalan tashar turawa suna ba da lokutan gina panel cikin sauri da haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci mafi aminci fiye da madadin sukurori-manne, shi ya sa na sanya su zaɓi na na asali don sabbin ayyukan kwamitin kula da masana'antu.

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